BAF Progress Report Subgrantee Jan - June 2024 | Mahlathini Development Foundation

Progress Report

Version: September2022

Grant code

Project Title

Isimangaliso EbA

Grantee

Wildlands Conservation Trust

Subgrantees

Mahlathini Development FOundation

Project Start Date

01/08/2023

Project End Date

31/07/2027

Reporting Period1

01/01/2024- 25/06/2024

Project Country(ies)

South Africa

Project Cost

Total & percentage

Blue Action Fund Contribution

EUR 146 668

Match Funding

Not applicable

Report Compiled By

Erna Kruger

Date of Submission

25th June 2024

Regular reporting is essential for Blue Action Fund tomonitorthe progress of the projects it

funds. Each project reports biannually through the workplan in conjunction withthe funding

advance request as well as theprogress report. In addition, only on anannual basisthe

progress report should be accompanied by Annexes A- F. Theses progress reports are

needed to:

•Monitorproject progress

•Analyse the overall programme of Blue Action Fund

•Collect information/data to allow Blue Action to report to its own donors

•Communicate project’s impacts and highlights to donors and other stakeholders

•Drawlessons learned and compile these for knowledge exchange on marine

conservation and sustainable livelihoods

•Serve as the basis for a progress call between BlueAction and the grantee

This should be a six-month period. With the exception of the information provided in the annexes (which are

only submitted on an annual basis) all contents of the progress report should refer to accomplishments and

developments of the last work period only, i.e. the last six months.

If you are submitting this progressreport withthe annexes constituting the annual report, please indicate the

annual period dates in the annexes.

In case of an annual report, the narrative part corresponding to the first six months of the year is to be found in

the progress report for that period.

1)Progress report summary

Below is a summary of activities to be undertaken by MDF (as per the FAR and workplan)

‘Activity 5.4.1

Intensive small-scale farmer training and support. Homestead. Provide intensive small-

scale farmer training and support

Deliverable 5.4.1.a

40-60 small-scale farmers trained and supported (MOV: training/attendance registers).

Deliverable 5.4.1.b

1 x 2.5-day CCA workshop and 5x training days per hub - Intensive regenerative agriculture

trainingand mentorship workshops held at the homesteads and at the Community

Resource Hubsat the beginning of each site intervention: 1 in year 2, 2 in year 3 and 1 in

year 4. (MOV: workshop registers, photographic evidence, course outline). Twenty-five

participants each.

Deliverable 5.4.1.c

15 farmers per site supported with intensive production and water management

infrastructure and support. (MOV: photographic evidence)

Activity 5.4.2

Train the trainer: WILDTRUST Hub staff will be incorporated into all initiation activities to

ensure they are able to maintain the hub demonstration gardens, provide additional

support to community members in between Mathathini staff visits, and provide basic

practical demonstrations off CCA gardening to community members visiting the hubs.

Deliverable 5.4.2.a

Four (4) hub teams trained and mentored to be future CCA mentors (MOV: training

registers, course outline).

Deliverable 5.4.2.b

Four (4) climate-smart demonstration gardens established, one (1) at each hub site,

maintained by Hub staff (MOV: photographic evidence).

Activity 5.4.4

Climate-smart agriculture technique demonstrations. YES youth employed by WILDTRUST,

that are trained as trainers by sub-grantee Mahlathini, train an additional 200+ community

members in mini-demonstrations of climate-smart agriculture techniques during the

project. 4 demonstration days per hub x 5 in total, 50 people at each demonstration

Deliverable 5.4.4

Twohundred and fifty community members trained by YES team in climate-smart

agriculture techniques (MOV: Attendance registers)

Activity 5.4.5

Facilities to support climate-smart agriculture. Establish facilities to support climate-smart

agriculture

Deliverable 5.4.5

Five (5) communal boreholes established at 5 primary community areas forgarden support

anddrinking, and seed tunnels and seedling provisionsupport at each community Hub

(MOV: photographic evidence).

Activity Not Yet Due; Activity Started -ahead of schedule; Activity started – progress on track; Activity started but progress delayed; Activity start is delayed.

Implementation progress on a cumulative basis as of the date of the report.

Project Subcomponents

Status2

Implementation

progress3(%)

Component 1: Coastal ecosystems, which are particularly relevant for climate change adaptation, are better protected and managed in a more sustainable way

Sub-Component 1.3: Funding for measures to reduce pressure and land-based stressors on coastal and marine ecosystems (in and outside protected areas)

Activity 5.4.1 Intensive small-scale farmer training and support.

Activity

Started -

ahead of

schedule

- Baseline surveys conducted and compiled – including vulnerability assessments and identification of households

-2 x 2,5 CCA workshops with community members (Mabibi, Nkovukeni)

-1 x Climate resilient agriculture training day at Nkovukeni and Mabibi Hubs, 1 training day in Mabibi (tower gardens) and 2 training

days in Nkovukeni community (tower gardens, trench beds)

-15 farmers in Nkovukeni supported with materials for tower gardens

-2 x 2,5 CCA workshops with community members (kwaDapha, Sokhulu)

- 1x climate resilient griculture trianing day at hubs (Mabibi, kwaDahpa,

Sokhulu)

- training days at kwaDapaha and Sokhulu

Activity 5.4.2 Train the trainer.

Activity

Started -

progress

on track

-ToT workshop with YES youth at Nkovukeni Hub

-ToT workshops in CCA with Hub staff from 2 further hubs

-Design of demonstration garden process for implementation

Activity 5.4.4 Climate-smart agriculture technique demonstrations.

Activity

Not Yet

Due

-Ist day community and hub level training and demonstration for 2 hubs

Activity 5.4.5 Facilities to support climate-smart agriculture.

Activity

Not Yet

Due

-Process for setting up seedling tunnels initiated at Nkovukeni hub

2)Narrative report (Jan-June 2024)

2.1 Small scale farming training and support: Household and Hub

For each activity, please provide an update on progress during the past work period, including key

accomplishments, impacts, highlights, any delays and issues encountered, key milestones reached, lessons

learned, positive achievements, etc.

2.1.1 Main activities

BAF

number

Date

Description

Persons

Time

5.4.1a and b

2024/01/22-26

Financemeeting in Dbn

Meeting with full TC’s for 4 villages: Enkovokeni,

kwaDapha, Mabibi, Sokhulu

Erna Kruger

Mazwi Dlamini

5 days

2024/01/28

Finances, admin, narrative report Sokhulu

Erna Kruger

1 day

2024/01/31

Invoicing, narrative report

Erna Kruger

1 day

2024/02/02

Preparation of materials for CCA ToT

Mazwi Dlamini

TemaMathebula

1 day

2 days

2024/02/05

Alignment of baseline survey form with requirements

Mazwi Dlamini

1 day

2024/02/07

IMA, Wildtrust MDF meeting on agricultural interventions

Erna Kruger

Mazwi Dlamini

1 day

2024/02/20

Wildtrust, MDF, IMA mapping meeting

Erna Kruger

Mazwi Dlamini

1 day

2024/02/26-28

Preparation for household mapping and setting up

financial reporting systems

Erna Kruger

Mazwi Dlamini

2 days

2024/02/29

Visit to Sociotech sites in Sokhulu in preparation for

baselines

Mazwi Dlamini

Nqobile Mbokazi

TemaMathebula

1 day

2024/03/01-08

Household mapping and baseline surveys in Nkovukeni,

Mabibi and kwaDapah

Mazwi Dlamini

Nqobile Mbokazi

TemaMathebula

Erna Kruger

8 days

2024/03/14

Monthly BAF finances

Mazwi Dlamini

Erna Kruger

1 day

2024/03/28-30

Nkovukeni vulnerability assessment preparation. SAEON

presentations sharing and pre for workshops, Baseline

reports

Erna Kruger

3 days

2024/04/01-05

Preparation of learning inputs and materials, planning for

CCA workshops, Monthly BAF finances

Erna Kruger

Mazwi Dlamini

TemaMathebula

5 days

2024/04/08-12

Baseline surveys kwaDapha and Mabibi continued, CCA

workshop day 1 Nkovukeni

Mazwi Dlamini

Nqobile Mbokazi

TemaMathebula

Erna Kruger

5 days

2024/04/15-19

Capturingbaselines

Mazwi Dlamini

Nqobile Mbokazi

Erna Kruger

5 days

2024/04/23-26

Baseline reports continued

Erna Kruger

4 days

2025/05/07-09

Collaboration with UKZN for joint baseline survey for

Sokhulu

Erna Kruger

3 days

5.4.1a,b,c

2024/04/26,29-30

and 05/01-03

Preparation for training workshop 1 (materials and inputs

for tower gardens), CCA workshop day 1 Mabibi, CCA

workshop day 2 Nkovukeni.

Mazwi Dlamini

Nqobile Mbokazi

TemaMathebula

Erna Kruger

6 days

2024/05/09, 16

BAF monthly finances and procurement

Erna Kruger

Mazwi Dlamini

2 days

2024/06/19-29

ToT for YES youth in Nkovukeni, 1st demonstration day.

Mabibib CCA workshop day 2, demonstrations and 1st

training day, CCA workshop day 1 and 2 kwaDapha

Mazwi Dlamini

Nqobile Mbokazi

Erna Kruger

11 days

2.1.2 Mapping and baseline surveys. Narrative reports:

Further, detailed information was gathered for

3 villages within the iSimangaliso WP to

augment information from initial visits.

Individual household interviews were

conducted between March and April 2024: 19

in Nkovukeni (37% men and 63% women), 25

in kwaDapha (60% men and 40% women)

and 22 in Mabibi (45% men and 55%

women). Interviews were conducted jointly

between MDF andWildtrust hub staff.

Figure 1: Example of a map providing initial household

numbers for Nkovukeni, which was used and refined

during the baseline survey process

The remaining households in each area was

later interviewed by Wildtrust staff and

information from these forms still needs to be

included in the initial analysis undertaken.

For Sokhulu, 8 villages situated outside the southern border of the Isimangaliso WP a joint

survey was designed and administered between UKZN and Mahlathini. Around 200

households were interviewed, and these forms are in the process of being coded for

analysis.

Below are summaries of information presented in the baseline reports submitted to the

WIldtrust.

Demographics

Detailed information was obtained from interviewees regarding adults and children living in

the household, spending more than 4 nights per week at the homestead and eating meals

there. Thepopulation of Nkovukeni is roughly 200 individuals living in 35 households. The

population of Mabibi is roughly 610 individuals living in 111 households. The population of

kwaDapha is roughly 240 individuals living in 45households. The proportion of female

headed households is significant for all three villages, but highest for Mabibi at 59%, average

of Nkovukeni at 49% and lowest at kwaDapha at 32%.

The small table below compares proportions of age groups represented in each village with

the statistical average for rural South Africa.

Table 1: Demographics for the 3 Hub villages in the iSimangaliso WP (April2024)

Age group in years

StasSA %

Nkovukeni %

kwaDapha %

Mabibi %

0 -14

28,8

15-34

35,1

35-59

27,1

>60

For Nkovukeni the age groups are skewed towards active adults 35-59 years of age, with

smallerproportions of very young people and pensioners, which is due mostly to the

inaccessibility of the area (no road access), as well as lack of services (healthcare). In

kwaDapha andMabibi the demographics are skewed towards a larger proportion of youth

15-34 years of age, which is mostly an outcome of youth job creation processes in these

villages. In effect the families form these areas did not fully relocate when the Park was

formed but have also kept their homesteads in the park going, with the people most able to

benefit from the situation living there. The proportion of homesteads which do not have ties

to homesteads outside of the park is very small, estimated at <10%.

Incomes and livelihoods

The per capita incomes for each household surveyed have been compiled in the table below,

comparedacross three Hub villages.

Table 2: Per capita incomes for household members living inside the iSimangaliso WP, April 2024

Per capita income

Nkovukeni %

kwaDapha %

Mabibi %

<R1 558/month

95%

92%

68%

<R800/month

37%

40%

45%

R800-R1000/ month

21%

24%

18%

R1175-R2260/month

42%

36%

23%

R3100-R7300/month

14%

Female headed household average

R970

R1 192

R1 530

Male headed household average

R1 061

R931

R1 870

The percentage of individuals living below the national upper-bound poverty line is

exceptionally high in Nkovukeni at 95% followed closely by kwaDapha at 92% and Mabibi at

68%. The latest figure for South Africa as a whole was 55%

in 2014. The proportion of

households who are considered destitute are indicated in red and constitutes around 40% of

households ineach village. In Mabibi, which is larger and also where more diverse livelihood

activities are undertaken, and whichhas the most access to services around 15% of

households realize a per capita income of >R3000/month. This is not the case for the two

northern villages. Mabibi is the only village of the three where any individuals living in and

attached to these households are employed, as shown in the table below.

Table 3: Source of incomes per village ranked in order of importance, April 2024.

Source of income in order of importance

Nkovukeni

kwaDapha

Mabibi

Pensions

Small businesses-

homestays, spazas

Employment

Contract Wildtrust

Contract iSimangaliso

Child grants

Fishing-contract

Fishing

Small businesses

Pensions

Small businesses

Fishing

Remittances

Child grants

Pensions

Selling reeds

Reeds/craft

Local farm produce

Food aid.

Food aid

Child grants

The most significant income opportunities are linked to short term job-creation programmes

runby both the Wildtrust and iSimangaliso, employment, small businesses and fishing.

Incomes from cosatal harvesting and fishing. Income generation from use of natural

resources such as fishing (45%), fish kraals – Nkovukeni only, (35%) and coastal harvesting

(65% for Nkovukeni and 32% for kwaDapha) is common in the villages. Only 18% of

households do not engage in these activities. Incomes however are generally low and use is

primarily for food. In addition, fishing is primarily an activity of the men in the village and

coastal harvesting (mussels and red bait) is undertaken by women. Harvesting of reeds and

grass and making of craft is undertaken by around 36% of the households. The few

World Bank. Poverty and equity brief. South Africa. April 2023

households involved in homestays, presently in kwaDapha, earn significantly higher incomes

than most other potential income sources in these villages.

Food shortages arereasonably common in the community, with around50% of households

suffering from seasonal shortages for 2-4 months of the year and around 17%suffering from

too littleaccess to food on an ongoing basis, in Nkovukeni and kwaDapha but not Mabibi,

where households are more food secure.

Agriculture

The summary table below indicates the percentage of households in each village involved in

a range of agricultural activities.

Table 4: Percentage of households involved in a range of agricultural activities linked to the scale of each, April

2024.

Nkovukeni

kwaDapha

Mabibi

Activity

% of HH

Units

% of HH

Units

% of HH

Units

Household cropping

(dryland)

35%

188m2

32%

150m2

27%

200m2

Vegetable production

(community garden)

59%

200m2

Vegetable production

(household)

18%

200m2

Lake edge gardening

12%

150m2

Fruit production

53%

1-4 trees

52%

1-4 trees

64%

1-4 trees

Poultry

24%

4 chickens

20%

6 chickens

41%

7 chickens

Goats

41%

10 goats

28%

7 goats

4 goats

Livestock

16%

10 cattle

12%

6 cattle

5 cattle

Around 60% of households across the three villages are involved in cropping activities,

primarily drylandor wetland based. A much smaller percentage, roughly 15% undertake

individual vegetable production activities. Cropping areas are extremely small throughout

averaging around 350m2 per household. Access to agricultural inputs, seed and seedlings is

severely limited. Round 56% of households have a few fruit trees in their yards-but harvests

are severely restricted by predation from birds andmonkeys. Livestock production is also

limited with households owning a few chickens (heavy predation), goats and cattle.

Agriculture is predominantly undertaken on a subsistence level for household food

production and local sales of small, sporadic surpluses.

Infrastructure

The table below summarizes access to different levels of infrastructure and services across

the three Hub villages

Table 5: Access to infrastructure and services for 3 Hub villages in iSimangaliso WP, April 2024

Infrastructure type

Description

% HH

Nkovukeni

kwaDapha

Mabibi

Fencing

Self-constructed, makeshift

42%

32%

77%

Dwellings

Brick and cement

76%

100%

Reed

35%

56%

14%

Energy

Solar

42%

60%

Electricity

100%

Gas

37%

Candles

32%

Firewood

100%

77%

Sanitation

None

68%

51%

Pit latrines

22%

45%

100%

Septic tanks

Water

RWH-200l drums

100%

24%

55%

RWH 2400l Jo-Jos

94%

64%

73%

Communal borehole

68%

24%

100%

Spring

Own borehole

52%

Access

Roads

100%

Lake

100%

Mabibihas the greatest access to services and infrastructures with100% of households

having access toelectricity, water and

sanitation, a situation which is almost

reversed in Nkovukeni and kwaDapaha

which rely heavily on solar, gas and

candles for energy, have around 60% of

households without any sanitation, and

have to rely heavily on rainwater

harvesting for household access to

water. In Nkovukeni there are no

individual boreholes, while around 52%

of households in kwaDapha have their

ownboreholes.

Figure 2: A view of the different types of

households in Nkovukeni –above reed dwellings

and below -well constructed houses with RWH

and fenced yards.

Firewood harvested from the surrounding bush and forests is used extensively in all three

villages, with a 30% reduction in use in Mabibi where households have access to electricity.

As mentioned before, there is no road access to Nkovukeni and people need to cross the

lakeon foot or by boat. Road access to Mabibi andkwaDapha consist of deep sandy tracks,

unsuitable to most vehicles without 4x4 capability.

This table is indicative of why community members in these villages are calling for services

and infrastructure development. The combination of lack of services and infrastructure and

curtailing of resource harvesting and use, without provision of long term and sustainable

alternatives is leading to over-harvesting of resources and severe vulnerability of

households, specifically in the more northern parts of the park.

Relationships with the iSimangaliso MPA are strained. A recurring comment from community

members was that the rules imposed are restrictive and abusive and that control has been

heavy handed in the past. Throughout a call for discussion with the iSimangaliso authorities

and better information provision from them was heard. Community members one the one

hand appreciate the protection of the naturalenvironment, and on the other feel that nature is

seen as more important than people and that they are unable to makea living given the

restrictions on resource use. They appreciate the short -term job opportunities and food

parcels as these have been crucial given the constraints on other land use options in the

area. Requests for support have included more job-opportunities not just for youth,

improvement in living conditions, electricity, toilets, improved road access, a bridge across

the lake, RDP houses and a high school, shops and seeds for planting. Requests also

included support for tourism activities and support for the women’s cooperative to access a

tent and chairs for events. There were also a requests to lift the restrictions on agriculture to

allow people to make a living from farming.

2.1.3 Recommendations for intervention from baselines

Below bullet point lists have been prepared from comments and requests from community

members, linked to observations from the field team in the villages.

Nkovukeni

➢Given the small group of young children between the ages of 0-6 years – demand for

a creche may not be very high, but crucially should be combined with additional

support for primary school children (sanitation, housing, energy, nutrition, health and

education)

➢Job opportunities for the age groups of 35-59 years need to be given priority as this is

also the group most reliant on natural resources in the area to survive and the main

breadwinners in these households.

➢Provision of basic sanitation and WASH education and services should be a priority.

➢Significant support with rainwater harvesting is crucial.

➢Support forand development of options for solar energy would alleviate a lot of the

present discomfort.

➢An improved system for provision of fuel for pumping water and distribution of water

to households should be given attention. Presently only those households who can

afford fuel for pumping and who are reasonably close to theborehole have access.

➢An improved system for delivery of gas can make a huge difference.

➢ Systems for provision of monkey and hippo proof fencing/cages for both food

production and poultry husbandry could assist to provide improved yields and better

livelihoods support.

➢Systems for improved water management and grey water management can relieve

someof water shortages at household level.

➢Better land use management in the wetland community garden is important for

improved production and protection of the wetland.

➢Access to the community is an issue that needs innovative solutions, as presently

neither a road nor a bridge across the lake are viable options. Construction of

stabilised paths to allow carts could be one option.

➢iSimangaliso to engage more constructively with the community in terms of

information provision, outlining rules and regulations and appreciation for the

livelihoods constraints of the community members.

kwaDapha

➢Job opportunities for the age groups of 35-59 years need to be given priority as this is

also the group most reliant on natural resources in the area to survive and the main

breadwinners in these households.

➢Provision of basic sanitation and WASH education and services should be a priority.

➢Significant support with rainwater harvesting is crucial, especially for those

households which do not already have JoJo tanks.

➢Support forand development of options for solar energy would alleviate a lot of the

present discomfort.

➢An improved system for delivery of gas can make a huge difference.

➢ Systems for provision of monkey and hippo proof fencing/cages for both food

production and poultry husbandry could assist to provide improved yields and better

livelihoods support.

➢Systems for improved water management and grey water management can relieve

someof water shortages at household level.

➢Taking the pressure off the fishing and coastal resources is a priority.

➢iSimangaliso to engage more constructively with the community in terms of

information provision, outlining rules and regulations and appreciation for the

livelihoods’ constraints of the community members.

Mabibi

➢Job opportunities for the age groups of 35-59 years need to be given priority as this is

also the group most reliant on natural resources in the area to survive and the main

breadwinners in these households.

➢Focus on improved agricultural practices for intensification of household food

production is important.

➢Diversification of agricultural activities to improve synergy between soil, water, plants

and animals in this system, to improve production and productivity

➢Significant support with rainwater harvesting is crucial, especially for those

households which do not already have JoJo tanks.

➢Systems for improved water management and grey water management can relieve

someof water shortages at household level.

➢Taking the pressure off the fishing and coastal resources is a priority.

➢iSimangaliso to engage more constructively with the community in terms of

information provision, outlining rules and regulations and appreciation for the

livelihoods’ constraints of the community members

2.1.4 Climate change adaptation workshops

These workshops are undertaken with community groups over a period of 2 to 2,5 days and

includes anassessment of climate change impacts, Seasonality diagrams (temperature and

rainfall) to visualize changes, discussion of scientific and community understanding of

changes that are occurring, practices and activities in the villages in the past, present and

future. This is followed by suggestions for adaptive strategies form the community

augmented by discussions on potential adaptive practices in relation to water, soil crops,

livestock and natural resources. From there community members prioritize practices that

they would like to try out and the process moves into demonstrations and training related to

the practices.

In Nkovukeni the 2-day process also included a process around a participatory vulnerability

assessment.

Nkovukeni CCA workshops (10thand 30th of April 2024)

On day one 18 women participated and on the 2nd day 23 participants (18 women and 5

men) were in attendance.

Nkovukeni CCA workshop : Day 1

Figure 3:

Participants for

the Nkovukeni

CCA focus group

discussion 10th

April 2024

Workshop outline

•Community and team introductions: Introduction of the organisation/s and purpose of this

workshop- link to already ongoing activities if possible and introduce visitors and other

stakeholders involved. Climate change as a concept, people's concept of it. And overall

impact, difference between weather and climate.

•Past, present and future:Whole group discussion on what people are presently doing… in

all livelihoods (including farming, resources use, etc) - how does this compare with past and

future

•Presentation on scientific information re CC for the area: SAEON Maputuland

presentation for research conducted around lake Sibaya

•Summary of impacts and possible solutions: Plenary discussion summarising points raised

and further additions regarding climate change impacts and possible adaptive strategies,

(including what people in the area are already trying/doing).

•Participatory poverty assessment: Presentation of summary information for the Nkovokeni

baseline surveys conducted. Plenary discussion around group-based wealth ranking for all

households – to assist in targeting beneficiation from different aspects of the EbA programme

Community and team introductions

MDF outlined their role as support for climate resilient agriculture activities and working with

new ideas and practices that can assist in intensifying production, with the aim also to reduce

the pressure on the natural resources in the area. MDF is one of a number of partners and

sub-projects, including also craft, tourism, small business development, and specific support

to vulnerable women and children.

Community members introduced their daily activities and farming being undertaken in the

village. According to the participants, everyone in the village is planting, mostly in the

gardens next to the lake as there is no water at homestead level. Crops include sweet

potatoes, potatoes, amadumbe (taro), cabbage, onions, spinach, green peppers, carrots,

beetroot, lettuceand tomatoes. These communal gardens need to be fenced and the

community can only afford to do this in a small area, meaning there is presently only one

small garden being actively used. They would like to increase the size of this garden.

Some households also keep livestock like goats, but they die easily, and people are unsure

about whether it is a lack of grazing or other causes. Three households in the village own

livestock. Women need permission from their husbands to sell livestock. Some households

also keep traditional chickens, but they areheavily predated, so they cannot build up their

flocks. Some of the women harvest incema (reeds) and sell these to people in neighbouring

villages. They make grass mats, but there is no market for those. The men do fishing, both in

the lakes and in the seas. There are many fish species, also including lobsters, freshwater

prawns and abalone. Women mainly do harvesting of mussels and red bait and in some

cases crabs – although they are a little afraid of the large ones.

Most households have fruit trees such as mangoes, guavas, oranges, lemons and avocados,

but themonkeys now destroy their harvests almost entirely. People also harvest wild fruit.

Some traditional medicine and bulbs are harvested from the veld and coastal forests, but

availability of these has been decreasing in recent years.

Responses related to participants’ knowledge regarding climate change included that it is

caused by industry and smoke that builds up in the ozone layer. One participant talked about

clouds building up in different places and bringing rain to this village, that is different from the

past. One lady emphasised that everything has changed, rain doesn’t come in July as in the

past andone just has to work out when to plant and also society has changed, women have

children even at the young age of 13yrs, not waiting until their early 20’s as was the case in

the past.

This was followed by a short discussion on the difference between weather and climate,

although from participants’ responses they are already aware of this distinction.

Below is a summary of the changes in climate that participants mentioned:

•It is so much hotter, even now in April it is still very hot-difficult to tell the difference between

winter and summer.

•Rainfall at different times, unusual for it to be raining in April, as rain usually ends in February.

•Tides have changed, higher tides than before, even low tide is higher than in the past, so it is

difficult to do the coastal harvesting and more difficult to cross the lake on foot.

•These days in the fishing areas, there are very few fish – even the fish kraals are being

inundated…making them a lot less effective.

•Where the lake meets the sea, more salty water is being pushed up into the lakes, which is

changing the number and types of fish in the lakes themselves.

Past, present and future-trends in land use and livelihoods

PAST

•Before iSimangaliso there were many more households in the area, the villages from

kwaDapha stretching to Nkovokeni were continuous with households throughout. Even though

there are now so few households left, there is still overuse of resources as people come in

from outside.

•In the past when we planted next to the lake, we could deal with the hippos that were present,

by making fires along the lake edge at night. Now that there are more people and more

planting, more hippos are coming, and this strategy does not work anymore.

•Back in the days, when there was flooding along the lake edges and erosion of the sand, we

would make small terraces using logs to catch the soil and create spaces for planting.

•Our diet was different; sorghum, maize, peanuts, jugo beans, cowpeas (now eaten by

monkeys). We used to make a meal with cowpeas, peanuts and chillies. Even made ’vetkoek’

with these ingredients. We also grew cassava (indumbula), sweet potatoes, pumpkin,

amabece (traditional gourds), and harvested indigenous fruit such as Natal Mahogany.

•It has become more and more difficult to grow maize- soil is now washing away.

•We also used to grind our own maize meal –didn’t make puthu, which only came in as a

practise later – used to grind it and make soup/gravy.

•We also used marula to make nuts.

•Also grew imfe (indigenous sweet reed)

•Most of the areas we grew on are now gone or have reverted to forest. Forest has also grown

up in areas where it was not before.

•We also used to build smaller fish traps, not just the few remaining permanent fish kraals.

There was a lot more fish and we used to be able to make a living trading fish caught. When

more and more people started to try and catch fish for sale the fish populations declined.

•We used to use rituals and slaughtering of cattle for calling rain. Also, ceremonies at a big

rock at Kosi Bay mouth. These days, such ceremonies are very uncommon.

PRESENT

•Diseases have increased a lot; HIV/AIDS, high blood pressure, diabetes, COVID, arthritis,

cancer– all due to our diets changing- not eating healthy now.

•People are not planting, mainly because of the animals- people have been discouraged.

•The main problem is not climate change here- as there is still rain. We need some solutions

for animals, so that people can go back to planting.

•There is more rain than in the past, which is good for collecting rainwater as there no

boreholes or taps.

•At the homes the problem is monkeys and bush-pigs– there is also no water which is only

down at the fields, and they would need to fetch water from down at the bottom to garden at

household level.

•There are more people, which has attracted more wild animals. Also now, everyone is doing

their own small plots separately instead of trying to work together in one large area, which was

much easier in terms of management of wild animals. Also, as everything was in one place,

the damage to the environment was smaller.

FUTURE

•We will remain here, and others will return.

•We need to be taught about what the solutions are for climate change and what we can do to

continue to survive.

•As you have come here an interviewed us, now we are supposed to come up with a solution

together, not chase us away from here.

Presentation on scientific information

This information was graciously provided by the SAEON team (Ms Sue van Rensburg) and is

attached to this report. In summary, we talked to the scientific understanding of climate

change and showed the cumulative impacts of extensive tree plantations, loss of wetlands

and climate change on the system- drying of lakes (Lake Sibaya water level has dropped by

4,5m) and loss of wetlands (60% reduction in area) leading in some cases through

inappropriate land use and burning – to long-term burning of peat fields in the region. The

modelledprojections are continued drying of the lakes (which are rainfed rather than being

fed by rivers), if large scale reduction in the area under plantations and restoration of

wetlands is not undertaken, despite potentially somewhat increased levels of rainfall.

The participants were somewhat alarmed as to the reasons for the drying of the lakes and

the potential for this to continue. They made a number of remarks about the plantations and

that not that many people are involved there, but those that are would likely not agree to

remove those trees. They mentioned that some people are awareof the dangers of burning

in the wetlands and do not do that in Nkovokeni. It is mostly the herders for the livestock

owners that go about burning veld and other areas and the community has little control over

this practise.

Possible solutions- adaptive strategies

The process started out as list of requests for assistance, but with some explanation of how

MDF is planning to intervene – including trying out new ideas and supporting the more

vulnerable households the following ideas were suggested:

•Awareness programmes, including those planting gum plantations to see if people have a

change of heart and will remove some of those trees.

•Help us with fencing- for hippos and bush pigs.

•We need hand hoes.

•Are you saying you will come up with things to help us, or we must do it? MDF to work

together to work on solutions…

•We are living at the top; water is at the bottom. We need ways to bring water closer to us- we

know it is impossible, but getting water closer to people that will help.

•If there is water closer to our homes, then we wouldn’t need to go down there. What are

options – maybe another borehole, small dams, more Jo-Jos etc.

•In zone 1 there is a borehole that was damaged and is not in use. There is the present

community borehole and there is a 3rd one on the other side- that one is still functional. If we

fix the two existing boreholes and bring water closer to the households that would be a good

solution for us. We do not need to start from scratch.

•Wild Oceans brought the water from the header tanks here to the hub. Maybe if we can find a

way to get the water closer to the households from the hub, that could help as well.

•Possibly introduce new crops like for example broccoli, potatoes, beans, cucumber, okra,

brinjal, macadamia nuts, udhali (pigeon pea) and red onions.

•We would like to try out layer hens for egg production.

•We have heard about grey water but are reluctant to use it…soap will kill the plants. MDF

mentioned that there are ways in which you can work with this- for example clearing the water

with ash –or using stones and sand filters, etc.

Participatory poverty assessment

MDF started this session by discussing the intention of the programme to support the

vulnerable people in the community and the need to understand the poverty status of all

households in the village to ensure equitable benefit from the different aspects of the

programme being provided.

The overwhelming response to this was that everyone in the village is poor and a question as

to whether some people would not receive help. One older lady emphasised that people may

be living in a house that looks nice but canhaving nothing inside and not haveenough food

to eat. Another lady mentioned that they once received seed for planting and in that case,

everyone was provided with seed and that they would like that to happen again.

Despite recognising that some of the unhappiness in the recent selection of youth for short

term jobs was due to a difference in understanding and criteria as employed through the

project andused by the community and recognising the importance of having their opinions

included in decision-making, the group did not feel comfortable ranking households into

wealth categories. The group agreed unanimously that MDF should decide on who benefits

and that they trust MDF to make the right decisions. They added that it would be too difficult

for them to make these decisions as everyone wants to be able to benefit and that could

cause tensions in the community.

A summary presentation was then provided on the results from the household survey and

ratified by the participants:

-Around 90% of households in the village live below the national poverty line.

-The most vulnerable households are: Households where most to all adults are unemployed,

women headed households, households with members living with disabilities, young single

mothers, households with a large number of small children between the ages of 0-6yrs and

households where not grants are received (‘Missing middle’ between ages of around 45yrs-

60yrs who do not receive child grants or pensions).

-Households where more than one member has short term contracts through iSimangaliso and

or WildTrust are better off than others in the short term, but it doesn’t help much for longer

term income stability.

-Basic access to services is extremely limited and includes, water, energy, sanitation and roads

(community access)

This led to a lively discussion around gas and electricity. One lady gave an example of the

costs associated with getting a gas bottle replacement – which included a taxi to Manguzi

(~R100), a boat across the lake (~R700) and a porter to their home from the lake (R60),

meaning a payment of R860 on top of the price of a gas bottle. People were very excited

about an option to discuss alternatives, of working together, or getting a gas bottle outlet

closer to their community or through the hub.

With solarenergy the discussion was around the fact that the batteries that they purchased

‘died’ quite quickly and now they have no lighting at night – only charging straight from the

panelduring the day. If there were charging stations for batteries at the hub, that would

assist a lot. The women were keen to discuss options for learning about solar energy,

different charging options, rental of equipment and batteries and solar lights. They mentioned

that they are aware that there is a lot of technology ‘out there’ that they do not know about

but would be grateful to be introduced to.

Nkovukeni CCA workshop: Day 2 (30th April 23 participants)

This day was a combination of a presentation of climate change adaptation proposed

activities and practices across the themes of soil, water, and crop management along with

soil fertility and taking care of indigenous environment as well as a demonstration of one of

the practices; tower gardens (greywater management). The demonstration was undertaken

at a homestead close to the hub.

MDF field and hub staff collectively ferried inputs across the lake in the community boat and

up the steep slopeall the way to the hub; this included gravel, droppers, shade netting,

seedlings, and refreshments.

Figure 4:MDF field and WIldtrust hub staff ferrying inputs across the lake

Climate Resilient Agriculture practices

One of the key objectives of the workshops is to build capacity among individuals and the

community of Nkovukeni to effectively respond to climate change challenges. Through the

interactive sessions from these workshops, participants gain insights into various adaptation

strategies such as ecosystem-basedapproaches, technological innovations, and community

engagement initiatives.

The workshop opened with a short recap of workshop 1, which was an introduction to climate

change and its impacts on nature, human life, and rural livelihoods. In the first workshop it

was highlighted that the reality of climate change necessitates a shift in the way people

interact with their environment and has increased the urgency to formulate solutions which

will ensure long term sustainability and resilience.

As the purpose of this workshop was to present possible CRA practices, the group was

asked to share the main factors they consider when preparing for their farming activities. This

exercise was aimed at understanding their thought processes and ideologies that inform their

farming practices. The responses focused primarily on procurement of inputs, water access

and land preparation. When probed on the practices they use when farming, the group

shared that planting is done mainly by hand and they use manureto boost fertility. In terms

of wateraccess, the group shared that this is a major challenge which is why they prefer

planting closer to the lakes and wetlands.

Following the above discussion was the presentation of CRA practices where the core

principles of sustainable farming were outlined which included: low use of external inputs,

maximising diversity, improvement soil healthand fertility, water conservation as well as

collaboration. It was explained to the group that farming goes beyond just obtaining food and

raw materials from the soil, but humans also have a responsibility to replenish the soiland

waterresources if farming activities are to be sustained over time. The team discussed that

climate change effects cannot be mitigated using a one-dimensional approach but require a

holistic approach to strengthen farming resilience. The five-finger model of soil and water

conservation was introduced which includes:

•Water management

•Limiting soil movement

•Crop management

•Soil health and fertility

•Taking care of indigenous plants

The discussion around the five-finger model was followed by adetailed presentation of the

CRA practices which were grouped within the five categories. Under water management,

practices included thebuilding of tower gardens, check dams, underground rainwater

harvesting storage tanks, diversion ditches and grey water use amongst others. In terms of

limiting soil movement, practices such as conservation agriculture, diversion ditches, stone

lines, contours and terraces were discussed. Practices under soil fertility included use of

manure, liquid manure, eco circles, trench beds and intercropping with leguminous crops

amongst others. The demonstration of the tower garden was facilitated after this plenary

session.

2.1.5 One day trainings in climate resilient agriculture practices

This process consisted of a group demonstration of the practise followed by another day of

working together on building tower gardens for 2 of the 10 participants who were identified by

the participant group to receive inputs for these tower gardens.

Tower Garden Demonstration

The tower garden demonstration was heldat Mrs Mita

Vumase’s homestead. It was explained that a tower garden

is a vertical planting system which allows planting to be

done in different areas, on the sides and on top. It consists

of a stone/gravel ‘pillar’ at the centre which is where

irrigation is done. The stones help to filter out unwanted

particles and soap from the greywater and spreads the

water throughout the ‘tower’ It is a low-cost system which

allows a farmer to grow a range of leafy vegetables such as

spinach, kale, Chinese cabbage, mustard spinach and

lettuceon the sides. Root vegetables such as beetroot and

onionare grown at the top, as well as green peppers and

tomatoes.

Figure 5: Right; Toward garden constructed with inclusion of leaves and

organic matter to augment infertile, sandy soils of the areas

Due to the sandy soils in the area, one of the tower gardens had a thick layer of organic

matterat the bottom to help keep some of the water in the garden. In another household

there was a lot of dry leaves from trees in the yard that were mixed with soil andput in layers

alternating with soil.

Figure 6: Above: Pictures of the tower garden demonstration session at Mita Vumase’s homesteads

The following 10 participants undertook to try out the tower gardens:

1.Elizabeth Ngubane

2.Jabu Ngubane

3.Gloria Zwane

4.Gugu Mathenjwa

5.Mita Vumase

6.Slindile Buthelezi

7.Khanyisile Sibiya

8.Ntombikayise Mlambo

9.Velisiwe Mthembu

10.Violet Sibiya

At the end of the workshop each of the 10 participants received their input packs to build

their tower gardens. These included seedlings, a bag of gravel, poles and shade net.

On Wednesday, the 1st of May the MDF team returned to Nkovukeni to assist some of the

participants who expressed interest in the tower garden. They were requested to collect all

the required materials the day before. Two tower gardens were built, and the shade net bags

were sewn and dropped off at the hub for the seven remaining participants. Hub stuff and the

Enkovukeni

group was

used to relay

the message

for

volunteers to

collect their

sownnets.

Figure 7:

Materials

divided and

provided to the

9 remaining

volunteer

participants

Figure 8:Left; Voilet

Sibiya,and Right;

Elizabeth Ngubane with

their two tower gardens

planted with seedlings.

Mabibi Climate change adaptation workshop (2nd May and 20th -22nd June 2024)

CCA workshop : Day 1 (33 participants)

This was the first set of trainings held in Mabibi after the three levels of community engagement

meetings. Thegroup that attended was made upof twentywomen andthirteen menwhich

included the local induna.

Siphamandla Masuku

the hub supervisor,

was key in setting up

this day where he

contacted local

leadership and helped

to spread the word

with regards to the

workshop details. He

also commandeered

hub staff to assist with

preparing lunch for the

audienceasthe

workshop was a full

working day.

Figure 9: A view of CCA

workshop participants at

Mabibi hub, 2ndMay 2024.

Upon introductions and welcome, the agenda was set a follows:

1.Team and Community Introduction

2.Purpose of the day (workshop)

3.Past, Present and Future

4.Scientific Presentation on Climate Change for this area

5.Seasonality Diagrams

The workshop outline, follows the same steps as that undertaken at Nkovukeni . A workshop

outline is attached in Addendum 1 of this report. Due to a late start, otheractivities happening

in thearea, the programme was again shortened slightly to accommodate the participants.

Team and Community Introduction

MDF team introduced themselves to the community of Mabibi, with emphasis on theirrole;

implementing Climate resilientagricultural practices and new ideas inthe adaptation toclimate

change through intensifying production and reducing pressure on the natural resources on the

environment, more so in the ecologically sensitive iSimangaliso Wetland Park.

According to the community of Mabibi, 90% of the villagers are involved in agricultural activities

where they have gardens, and some have cropping fields which are larger insize compared

to their garden sizes. Popular field crops in the area are cassava, sweet potato, and peanuts.

According to participants there is no specific time to plant cassava; they just plant it whenever

they think there has been enough rainfall at that time. Other crops cultivated inlcudemaize,

cowpeas and amadumbe (taro) as well vegetables such as onions, spinach, tomatoes, carrots,

beetroot, lettuces, and cabbages.

Some of the households have fruit trees such as avocados, naartjies, oranges, mangoes and

some of the indigenous fruits such as Inkuhlu and amahlala. They also have livestock including

goats, pigs, cattle, broilers, and traditional chickens.

Men in the villages do fishing in the ocean and in Lake Sibaya. However fishing is seasonal in

this community, they do fishing in September in the lake, but during high tides they fish on the

oceanin a more ongoing way. They get different varieties of fish such as bream,and catfish

and octopus which is said to be used as bait on the hook.

As per the community, climate change is evident through increased unpredictability in weather

patterns. Temperatures have definitely seen an increase; it is getting hotter although there

haven’t been considerable changes in rainfall patterns. There have been organizations in the

area talking to villagers about climate changebefore this. Participants were able to differentiate

between weatherand climate; weatherbeing daily conditions and climatebeing changes in

weather patterns over years.

Past, Present and Future

Past

•In the past therewere crops which villagers used to plant, and they would grow very wellbut

now it is difficult for them to grow (sorghum is one of those crops).

•There were plants that used togrow inthe wild and we would harvest it for household

consumption.

•We used to have wild potatoes.

•We used to see mushrooms but now they have disappeared.

•We used to harvest Sedwane (small tomatoes in the wild)

•All these things above are no longer present in the area.

Present

•We have noticed that it is getting a lot hotter now.

•Winter is having a short span now and not as cold.

•There are still community members who believe in agriculture, they have gardens, and some

have livestock.

•Vegetables can grow well in these areas and livestock have adapted just fine.

•Most men practice fishing in the Lake and the Ocean and there is already fish stock pressure in

the lakes.

•Lake water levels are dropping rather faster than it rains.

•More plantations than before.

Future

•If this climate change carries on like this, we are going to have more frequent droughts.

•Our crops will die due to lack of rain.

•There will be hunger in the community.

•Water sources will dry up even more and faster.

•The cattle pasture will dry up and this will be a huge problem to our livestock as it will increase

mortality rates.

•Fish population will continue to decline.

•There is going to be new and bigger outbreaks of diseases.

Exploration of climate change in this area

Theadapted SAEONpresentation was givenin Mabibi as well, talking tochanges suchas

reduction in lake waterlevel, loss of wetlands and burning of peat, exacerbated by greatly

increased area underplantations, mining operations and destruction of wetlands andflood

plains for habitationand farming. This was information

participants are aware of, but they were very alarmed

when they saw the research and how lake Sibaya is

losing water. However, they are still confident thatthe

amount of rainfall they arereceiving each year will not

change.

Figure 10: Mazwi talking to scientific data specific to the area and

what it means for the community and their livelihood activities

Seasonality Diagram (Mapping)

After the Climate Change presentation, seasonality

diagrams were done where small groups of participants

worked on outlining monthly temperatures and rainfall

and changes in these over time.During thediscussion

and the mapping,the participants concluded that they

receive most of their rainfall on

October, November, December,

and January. Then rainfall will

start to decline in February to

July where the rainfall is the

lowest ornone, then it starts to

pick up in August and

September. Regarding

temperature, the graphs show

December and January are the

hottest months, with June and

July with the lowest

temperatures. However, the

community members have

noticed that winters are now

shorter and continue to be

warmer than usual.

Figure 11: Above the small group and

monthly temperature diagram

developed and below, the rainfall

diagram showing different activities

undertaken at different times of the year

The session was closed after

this exerciseand the rest of the

programme is to be covered

during day 2 of the workshop,

towards the end of June 2024.

2.2 Planning for upcoming period (July-December 2024)

Activities to beundertaken:

➢Finalise baselines for Sokhulu in partnership with UKZn (cathy Sutherland and team) and write

baseline narrative report

➢Finalise CCA workshops for 3 hub villages inside the iSimangaliso WP.

➢Conduct CCA workshop and training of trainers for 3 hubs and youth - Mabibi and

kwaDapha/Nkovukeni –and plan for implementation of a demonstration garden at 2-3 hubs

(set up garden plans, budgets for inputs and materials, procurement and workplan activities

for each hub and submit to WildTrust)

➢Training in soil and water conservation for Hub staff and communities for 3 hub villages

(include tower gardens, trench beds, micro-tunnels, mixed cropping, mulching, drip irrigation,

composting, crop diversification and seedling production, field cropping (conservation

agriculture) (Min of 3 training days per village)

➢Initiate local mapping of water sources and assessment of present boreholes and provide this

as background documentation to employ a technical expert to site potential community

boreholes.

➢Start on creation of beneficiary lists for JoJo tanks- as well as batch order and delivery

arrangements for these.

➢

Addendum 1: CCA workshop outline

Community level climate change adaptation exploration workshop outline

DAY 1

Time

Activity

Process

Notes

Materials

Who

9:00am

INTRODUCTION

9:00-

9:45am

Community

and team

introductions

who is in the room -

Depending on the

size of the group,

this can takea long

time. If time is short,

then just do a quick

round of intro's.

Attendance

columns for farming

enterprises (sothat

each participant

can tick what they

do) - in English and

Zulu Name tags;

stickers, kokis

Facilitation:

Tema,

Recording:

Nqobile

Purpose of

the day

Introduction of the organisation/s

and purpose of this workshop- link

to already ongoing activities if

possible and introduce visitors and

other stakeholders involved. Climate

change as a concept, people's

concept of it. And overall impact,

difference between weather and

climate...

talk to CC

necessitating

adaptation from us -

we may need to

change how we do

things and what we

do to - This w/s is to

help us explore

options for such

changes

Flip stand,

newsprint, kokis,

data projector,

screen, extension

chords, plugs -

double adaptors.

Black refuse bags

and masking tape

(for blacking out

windows), camera-

and one person to

undertake to take

photos throughout

the day. Extra

batteries for camera

and sim card

Materials:

Tema and

Nqobile

Facilitation:

Tema

Recording:

Nqobile

9.50

PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE

9.50-

11.00am

Discuss

farming

activities as

they have

changed ,

what they

are now and

what may

happen in

the future if

the present

trends

continue

Whole group discussion on what

people are presently doing… in all

livelihoods - how does this compare

with past and future SMALL

GROUPS (5-10people): facilitated

discussion on farming activities

(include the 5 categories) - prompt

for all five and keep conversation

focussed OR

Facilitate a shorter plenary

discussion on how things are

changing( if time is pressing)

Important to note

and record any

discussions around

changes and

adaptations- so

things people are

already doing to

accommodate for

changes - also

where they are not

sure what to do

Small groups; each

needs a facilitator

and recorder

Facilitation:

Tema

Recording:

Nqobile

11:00 -

11:50pm

Summary of

predictions

for the

locality (from

scientific

basis)[15min]

Present to group - using flipchart or

PowerPoint - Keep it simple with

brief bold statements that can be

remembered. Include concepts of

certainty - and CC scenarios -

unmitigated, neutral and mitigated

Facilitation:

Erna

Translation:

Nqobile,

Tema

12:00pm

TEA

Fruit (apples,oranges, biscuits, juice and water, paper cups (lots) and plates…

Generous helpings - and lots of juice if it is hot. Find someone to be in charge of

food and refreshments, while the rest of the workshop continues

Tema

CLIMATE CHANGE patterns

12.30pm

Seasonality

diagrams

[25min]

SMALL GROUPS (5-10people):

facilitated discussion on

temperatures for each month of the

year- in a normal year and then

discuss how this is changing and

going to change. Start with the

hottest month and then the coldest

month as reference points

Do temperature first

or if thegroup is

small and works

quickly include

rainfall then on the

same chart.

Easy to use kebab

sticks bought from

supermarket for

this. Small groups;

each needs a

facilitator and

recorder

Facilitation:

Mazwi/Tema

Recording:

Nqobile

1:00pm

REALITY/IMPACT MAPS

1:00-

2:00pm

SMALL GROUPS (5-10people):

facilitated discussion - MIND MAP

of livelihood and farming impacts

(using the 5 categories) using Hotter

(drier) as the starting point -

LINKAGES between cards on the

mind map - make arrows (and

include more cards if need be and

discuss (e.g. hotter soils, lead to

poor germination lead to poor yields

lead to hunger)

Prompt for social,

economic,

environmental

impacts as well if

these don't come up

in the group…

Small groups; each

needs a facilitator

and recorder

Facilitation:

Mazwi

Recording:

Tema,

Nqobile

2:00-

2:30pm

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: things

that people know, have changed,

have tried and or are trying to deal

with the changes. Use different

coloured cards to attach these

solutions to the mind map. If

participants are struggling then

rephrase the -ve impact statements

into a +veoutcome and ask what

actions are possible.

Also make a

separate list on

newsprint of names

of people trying

things plus the

innovation they are

trying (this is to

facilitate h/h visits

on day 2)

The cards need to

be written in local

language with

smaller translations

in English written in

on the cards as well

(to avoid the need

for alter

translations)

Facilitation:

Tema

Recording:

Nqobile

2:30-

2:45pm

CLOSURE

REPORT BACKS - of possible

solutions PLANNING FOR DAY

2 - choose 3-4 participants for

household visits and ask for a small

group of other interested individuals

to join. Decideon venue and time

(12 noon) for continuing with

practices

Households to be

within walking

distance hopefully.

Otherwise drive

these 3-4

participants around

and meet for focus

group thereafter

Rapporteurs need

to be chosen from

the group to

summarise the

solutions in the

report backs

[5min/group]

Facilitation:

Tema

Recording:

Nqobile

LUNCH Local catering groups to provide meals -~R45 per head (Rice and stew with one veg…

or something similar- )

Tema

DAY 2

9:00am

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

9:00 am-

9:30am

Recap and

days

program

RECAP: summarise Day 1, the

information we got as what locals

consider climate change and impact

thereof. Link these changes to

impacts with regards to livelihoods

across the 5 categories and the fact

that changes in the way we do

things need to change to account

for the certain hotter and drier

conditions and what can be possibly

done toreduce impact.

use flip charts and

mind maps from

Day 1 to recap

Facilitation:

Mazwi

Recording:

Nqobile

09:30am-

10am

Rich, better

off, poor,

very poor

Focus group discussions around

vulnerability can to supplement

baselines and also to discuss and

look at vulnerability through the

eyes of the community. How do we

define rich, better off, poor,

extremely poor in the village. Write

descriptions on a flip chartand

groups in the 4 categories

Participants need to

explain and identify

vulnerability in their

own unique way

kokis, flip chrt

Facilitation:

Mazwi

Recording:

Nqobile

10:00

am-11:00

Different

groups,

different

eyes

Divide the group into smaller groups

according to age and gender –

spend a short while deciding with

the group which sub-groups will

work for them. Subgroup to identify

all households, adding household

heads (male, female, child headed

ect) onto maps of the village. These

household would then be placed on

a wealth group through discussion

Explain that this is

done because

different groupings

are focused

somewhat

differently – different

things are important

or difficult for

women than men for

example, for youth,

for households

without access to

social grants

Kokis, flip chart,

small cut paper,

maps

Facilitation:

All three,

each with a

group

11:00

am-11:30

Plenary

Subgroups convene and the charts

are discussed together with the aim

of comingup with one wealth

ranking after which the final version

is compared with what the

household survey are saying

Supportingperson

to record all

discussions

PowerPoint

presentation of

Nkovukeni

vulnerability

assessment

Facilitation:

Mazwi

Recording:

Nqobile

11:00

am-12:00

TEA

Fruit (apples,oranges, biscuits, juice and water, paper cups (lots) and plates…

Generous helpings - and lots of juice if it is hot. Find someone to be in chagre of

food and refreshments, while the rest of the workshop continues

Tema

Slide presentation up to income sources - whole group quick ranking of the sources

12:00

pm-13:00

Risk, hazard

and

vulnerability

After presenting the slide – what

makes us vulnerable and discussing

some of the aspects such as access

to resources, seasonality of access

and food availability, land

entitlements, water etc, and also

discussing how things are changing

due to CC (so reduction in

availability, increased hazards and

the impact of these):

a. In each small group participants

name the most important risks,

issues, problems, hazards

b. These are then ranked in order of

importance

Support persons are

to record the

discussions, with

reasons given for

the rankings

Flip chart, kokis

Facilitation:

Tema

All three with

a group,

depending

on the

number of

small groups

13:00-

13:30 pm

4. Potential solutions

Fromthe prioritized list of issues

possible solutions are proposed for

each. This activity ties into the

adaptation strategies developed

through the climate change analysis

process and should provide some

entry points for action.

Link this to practices

for CC adaptation

Facilitation:

Tema

Recording:

Nqobile

13:00 pm

2:00pm

WAY FORWARD

LUNCH Local catering groups to provide meals - ~R45 per head (Rice and stew with one

veg… or something similar- )

Tema

CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTIONS:

Hotter

1-4 degrees Celcius

For every month of

the year

HIGH probability/

Certainty

Less rain

Similar amount of rain but over a

shorter period of time (fewer rainy

days per season)

This will lead toan

overall drying effect

in the environment

MEDIUM certainty

greater intensity of rainfall

Morerain in spring and or more rain

in summer

Storms

LOW certainty

Longer term

Greater frequency of droughts under scenarios 1 and 2

Scenario 1 -

Business as usual

Scenario 2 -

Stabilise emissions

Scenario 3-Reduce

emissions

Greater frequency of extreme rainfall events under

scenarios 1 and 2