WRC DSSII 3rd Ref Group Meeting | Mahlathini Development Foundation

3RDREF GROUP MEETING

AUGUST2024

WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION

PROJECT: C2022/2023-00746

DISSEMINATION AND SCALING OF A DECISION

SUPPORT FRAMEWORK FOR CCA FOR

SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN SOUTH AFRICA

PROJECT TEAM

MAHLATHINIDEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(MDF): ERNA KRUGER, TEMAKHOLO

MATHEBULA, BETTY MAIMELA

STRATACT: NQEDLAMINI

ENVIRONMENTAL AND RURAL

SOLUTIONS(ERS):

NICKY MCCLEOD, SISSIE MATHELA

ASSOCIATION FOR WATER AND RURAL

DEVELOPMENT(AWARD):

DERRICK DU TOIT

INSTITUTE FOR NATURAL RESOURCES (INR):

BRIGID LETTY

MERL SPECIALIST:KAREN KOTSCHY

COMMUNICATIONS SUPPORT: ANNA

KOTSCHY

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

There are a number of distinct outputs in this process with different team

members contributing to those:

•Local level CoP’s: CRA learning groups – expansion, new practices,

refinement (MDF and MPhil students)

•Monitoring tool for multi stakeholder implementation platforms in CCA

(ERS,AWARD, MDF, MREL specialist)

•Guidelines for implementation of local food systems and marketing

strategies (MDF)

•Handbook for implementation of smallholder financial services

(Stratact)

•Refined CbCCA decision support framework with updated databases

and CRA practices (MDF +)

•Case studies: CbCCA implementation and community ownership for

water access and management (MPhil students, MDF)

•Manual for implementation of successful multi stakeholder platforms in

CbCCA(ERS, INR, MDF)

PROJECT TEAM

OUTCOMES

AND

IMPACTS

Vertical and horizontal integration

of this community- based climate

change adaptation (CbCCA) model

and process lead to

•improved water and

environmental resources

management,

•improved rural livelihoods and

•improved climate resilience for

smallholder farmers in

communal tenure areas of

South Africa

1. Scaling out and scaling up of the Climate Resilient

Agriculture (CRA) frameworks and implementation

strategies lead to greater resilience and food security

for smallholder farmers in their locality.

2. Incorporation of the smallholder decision support

framework and CRA implementation into a range of

programmatic and institutional processes

3. Improved awareness and implementation of

appropriate agricultural and water management

practices and Community based Climate Change

Adaptation (CbCCA) in a range of bioclimatic and

institutional settings

4. Contribution of a robust Climate Change (CC)

resilience impact measurement tool for local, regional

and national monitoring processes.

4. Concrete examples and models for ownership and

management of local group-based water access and

infrastructure

Climate resilient agriculture

and local food systems

Microfinance and local

livelihoods

Local water and resources

management

Development of COPs and

multistakeholder platforms and

MERL for climate resilience

Community based climate

change adaptation (CbCCA)

-climate resilience

CONTRIBUTION OF 4 RESEARCH THEMATIC AREAS TO THE OVERALL RESEARCH

PURPOSE OF MEASURING IMPROVED CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN CBCCA.

NEW KNOWLEDGE CREATION REPORT

ITEMS

DESCRIPTION

1. (a) New knowledge to

be created by the

project

Development and dissemination of a bespoke model for CbCCA across multiple stakeholders including communities, civil society

and government.

Development of evidence-based indicators for monitoring resilience impact.

Development and promotion of new models and processes for community ownership of water access

Provision of guidelines and handbooks for programming in local food systems development and effective smallholder

microfinance and enterprise development support.

(b) gap(s) to be filled

bythenew

knowledge?

Design and implementation of an overarching framework for CbCCA in South Africa

2. What product(s) will be

produced?

Desk top review of South African policy, implementation frameworks and stakeholder platforms for CCA (Dec22, Aug23)

Monitoring tool for multi stakeholder implementation platforms in CCA (Draft Dec23 to be finalized by August25)

Guidelines for implementation of local food systems and marketing strategies 9draft Aug24 to be finalized Aug25)

Handbook for implementation of smallholder financial services (Feb23)

RefinedCbCCA decision support framework with updated databases and CRA practices

Case studies: CbCCAimplementation and community ownership for water access and management (Feb24)

Manual for implementation of successful multi stakeholder platforms in CbCCA(Draft Dec23 to be finalized by Aug25)

3. How innovative is the

new product

The first coherent process of this kind focused on smallholder farmers in South Africa

1. Who are the users and

beneficiaries?

multiple stakeholders (Government, Academic Institutions, NGOs, CSOs and community

-based CoPs)

How do you know

that the users need the

products of this

project?

There is a dire need for coherent implementation of CC adaptation strategies and programs, whether this has been clearly arti

cul

ated

or not. South Africa has excellent policy documents and processes but lack coherent implementation approaches.

DELIVERABLES 2022-2025

DELIVERABLES

No.

Deliverable Title

Description

TargetDate

Amount

Desk top review for

CbCCAin South Africa

Desk top review of South African policy, implementation frameworks and

stakeholder platforms for CCA.

01/Aug/2022

R100 000,00

Report:Monitoringframework,ratifiedby

multiple stakeholders

Exploration of appropriate monitoring tools to suite the contextual needs for

evidence

-based planning and implementation.

02/Dec/2022

R100 000,00

Handbook on scenarios and options for

successful smallholder financial services

within the South Africa

Summarize VSLA interventions in SA, Govt and Non

-Govt and design best bet

implementation process for smallholder microfinance options.

28/Feb/2022

R100

000,00

Development of CoPs and multi stakeholder

platforms

Design development parameters, roles and implementation frameworks for CoPs

at all levels, CRA learning groups, Innovation and multi stakeholder platforms;

within the

CbCCAframework.

04/Aug/2023

R133

000,00

Report:Localfoodsystemsandmarketing

strategies contextualized

- Guidelines for

implementation

Guidelines and case studies for building resilience in local food systems and local

marketing strategies towards sustainable local food systems (local value chain)

08/Dec/2023

R133

000,00

Case studies: encouraging community

ownership of water and natural resources

access and management

Case studies (x3) towards providing an evidence base for encouraging community

ownership of natural resource management through bottom

-up approaches

28/Feb/2024

R134

000,00

Case studies:

CbCCAimplementation in 3

different agroecological zones in SA

CbCCA

implementation case studies in 3 different agroecological zones within

South Africa

12/Aug/2024

R133

000,00

Refined

CbCCA

decision support framework with

updated databases and CRA practices

Refined CbCCA DSS database and methodology with inclusion of further viable and

appropriate CRA practices

13/Dec/2024

R133

000,00

Manual for implementation of successful

multistakeholder platforms in

CbCCA

Methodology and process manual for successful multi stakeholder platform

development in

CbCCA

28/Feb/2025

R134

000,00

Final Report

Final report: Summary of all findings, guidelines and case studies, learning and

recommendations

18/Aug/2025

(Feb 2026)

R400

000,00

PROGRESS

3 Provinces,

6 areas,

25 learning groups,

515 participants

Multistakeholder platforms

-MESO AND MACRO

Communication and innovation

- MESO

Smallholder farmers in CRA learning

groups (LGs)

- MICRO

• National Networks e.g. Adaptation

network, Agroecology Network

•National organistions e.g., PGS-SA and

SAOSO

•Regional forums e.g., Water Source Areas

forums (WWF) Living catchments Forums

(SANBI)

• Cluster of LGs within and between areas

learn and implement CRA together

•These clusters interact with external

stakeholders e.g., NGOs, Government

Departments, Local and District Municipalities,

traditional authorities and Water Service

authorities

• Individual farmers in LGs learn and

implement CRA together

•LG's set up other interest groups and

committees e.g., water committees, village

savings and loan associations, marketing

groups, livestock associations and resource

conservation agreements

3 IP events

(farmers’ days),

3 cross visits,

5 organisational

training events

1 Multi stakeholder

forum development,

2 National networks

CRA

learning

group

VSLAs

Marketing

committees

Water

committees

Livestock

associations

Youth

groups

CCA impact

assessments

Adaptive

strategies and

planning

Innovation and

practices

Implementation

Monitoring,

cyclical review

and evaluation

Government

departments

Traditionalauthority

Wardcommittees

Local Municipality

Business

community

Academia

Civil

Society

Innovation

platforms –

clusters of LGs

Associations and

organisations

Multistakeholder

platforms

CRA learning groups:

Process for development of social agency

LOCAL FOOD

SYSTEMS

DELIVERABLE 5:

FRAMEWORK FOR STUDY

RESILIENCE SNAPSHOTS AND CASE STUDY

VSLAS AND LIVELIHOODS

FOOD VALUE CHAIN

Production

Systems

Storage and

Distribution

Processing and

Packaging

Formal and

Informal Markets

FOOD SYSTEM DRIVERS

Biophysical and

environmental

drivers

• Natural Resources

•Ecosystem Services

• Biodiversity

•Climate Change

•Water access and

management

Socio-cultural

drivers

• Cultural beliefs

and traditions

• Religion

•Gender dynamics

•Social dynamics

•Innovation and

information

Political and

economic drivers

• Local and national

leadership

•Humanitarian crises

•Land tenure

• Globalization

•Market

opportunities

Institutions

•Government

•Civil society

organizations

•Research institutions

•Community level

organisations

Demographics

• Population growth

•Age range/

distribution

• Education

• Urbanization

• Migration

Infrastructure

• Roads

•Communication

networks

•Energy grids

•Water - household

and agricultural

Consumption

Food

Availability

and Access

OUTCOMES

•Food Security and Nutrition

•Socio Economic Stability

•Environmental Sustainability

•Livelihood Creation

•Resiience and Climate Change Adaptation

•Social justice and Equality

IMPACTS: Renewability, resilience, health, equity, diversity, inclusion and interconnectedness,

MDF FOOD SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK

ACTIVITY: Climate Resilient Agriculture and innovation system

development for sustainable and productive use of land and water

•Conservation/ Regenerative Agriculture: (LEI) Quantitative research support to the Smallholder Farmer

Innovation Programme; intercropping, crop rotation, cover crops, fodder production

•Livestock integration: Winter fodder supplementation, hay baling, conservation agreements, local livestock

auctions

•Intensive homestead food production: Agroecology; tunnels, trench beds, crop diversification, mulching,

greywater management, fruit production

•Village savings and loan associations: Village based savings groups for savings and small loans for productive

activities

•Local marketing and food systems: Monthly produce market stalls organised per village, exploration of further

marketing options, small

mills for maize48 villages in EC, KZN

and Limpopo

850 small holder

farmers

3500

beneficiaries

Commodity

Averagemonthlyincome

per participant

Annual income

potential

Broilers

024,50

R12

294,00

Layers (eggs)

R641,00

692,00

Field crops:

Maize

Beans

R209,41

R237,50

713,00

850,00

Vegetables

R247,00

964,00

Averagemonthlyvalueof

foodperparticipant

All commodities: This is an

estimate only (further

corroborated in resilience

snapshots)*

R700,00

R8 400,00

Commodity for a selection

of participants only

Averagemonthlyincome

per participant

Annual income

potential

Green Maize

300,00

R15 600,00 (up to

R24

000)

Stall fed calves

R750,00

000,00 (up to

R50

000)

Totalvalueofproduction

(incl. all commodities but

excl. theselection)

060 – R5 160

R36

710- R 61 920

RESULTS: LOCAL MIXED FARMING PRODUCTION AND INCOME POTENTIAL (KZN, EC 2021-2023)

Name of Respondent

Non

-farming

business income

Farmingbusiness

income

Retailand trade

income

Manufacturing and

services income

Totalaverage

income

Annual average non

-VSLA

participants (n=14)

R20 658,00

R8 598,00

R3 000,00

R142,86

R32 398,86

Annual average VSLA participants

(n=16)

R19 042,50

R34 242,50

R21 000,00

R6 825,00

R81 110,00

Above: Incomes made for participants in and not in VSLAs as well as use of these incomes

VSLA participants were more active in income

generation and have considerably higher incomes than

non-VSLA participants. They also use these incomes for

productive uses and farming to a much larger extent

than those not in VLSA groups

COMMUNITY

MANAGED WATER

SUPPLY SCHEMES

DELIVERABLE 6

- MODELS AND APPROACHES

- GUIDELINES

- EXAMPLES

•SUPPORT AND STRENGTHEN THE

PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL

COMMUNITIES IN IMPROVING WATER

AND SANITATION MANAGEMENT

•SELF-SUPPLY OPTIONS (NEW WATER SERVICES ACT)

•COLLABORATION WITH MANDATED ENTITIES

•VARIOUS LEVELS OF SELF-SUPPLY-

INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS

•SPRINGS

•BOREHOLES

•PIPES FROM MOUNTAIN STREAMS/SPRINGS

Problem1: Reluctance of municipalities to

view community organizations as partners

in delivering water services

Problem 2: Break down of rural supply

schemes for extended periods, denying

communities their constitutional right to

safe and reliable water

No process in

place for this

Experiences from Giyani,

Sekororo, Bergville, Creighton

included

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH IN WATER SERVICE DELIVERY.

•THE APPROACH INTEGRATES THE PRINCIPLES OF

PARTICIPATION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, AND

COMMUNITY-BASED MANAGEMENT TO ADDRESS WATER

SERVICE DELIVERY. THE FOCUS ON COLLABORATION, LOCAL

EMPOWERMENT, AND SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IS CRUCIAL

FOR CREATING EFFECTIVE AND LASTING SOLUTIONS IN THE

WATER SECTOR

•PHASE 1: EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL

STRUCTURE

•PHASE 2: PROJECT AND ACTION PLAN WITH SOCIAL

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

•PHASE 3: IMPLEMENTATION AND SUSTAINABILITY PLANS

Village water dialoguesis a non-confrontational

advocacy approach that empowers communities to

engage directly with the representatives of public

organisations to improve the quality of water and

related services. They are action and solution oriented

where all parties agree on ways for improving water

services and social accountability indicators

GUIDELINES DEVELOPED THROUGH INVOLVEMENT IN LIMPOPO AND KZN.

•COMMUNITY MEMBERS ARE WILLING AND ABLE TO

PARTICIPATE.

•COMMUNITY MEMBERS ARE WILLING TO VOLUNTEER THEIR

TIME, LABOUR, AND MONEY TOWARDS ENSURING A

FUNCTIONAL WATER SYSTEM.

•COMMUNITY MEMBERS ARE COMMITTED TO ENSURING THAT

THEIR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IS OPERATIONAL AND LOOKED

AFTER.

•COMMUNITY MEMBERS ARE WILLING AND ABLE TO MAKE

RATIONAL AND CONSIDERED DECISIONS AROUND WATER USE

AND MANAGEMENT IF PROVIDED WITH APPROPRIATE

INFORMATION (SCENARIOS) ON WHICH TO BASE SUCH

DECISIONS.

•THE ACTUAL LEVEL OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE OPERATION AND

MAINTENANCE OF THE SYSTEM IS A CHOICE FOR COMMUNITY

MEMBERS. SOME MEMBERS PARTICIPATE BY VOLUNTARILY

FOLLOWINGTHE RULES AND OTHERS ARE MORE INVOLVED IN

THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SYSTEM.

•LEVELS OF WATER ACCESS NEED TO BE EQUITABLE AND

TRANSPARENT.

What we know from experiences in self-supply projects

GUIDELINES DEVELOPED THROUGH INVOLVEMENT IN LIMPOPO AND KZN.

•FOCUS ON CREATING AN ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR

COMMUNITIES TO ENGAGE WITH MUNICIPALITIES ON NON-

CONFRONTATIONAL TERMS

•ALIGNING MUNICIPAL AND WATER SERVICES POLICIES WITH

COMMUNITY-BASEDMANAGEMENT APPROACHES

•SIMPLIFYING THE ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF

COMMUNITY-BASEDWATERINSTITUTIONS

•PROVISION OF INCENTIVES AND DESIGNING FINANCING

MECHANISMS BY MUNICIPALITIES TO PROMOTE

COMMUNITY-BASEDMANAGEMENT

•DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS

ON WATER AND SANITATION, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,

WATER PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION, DEMAND

MANAGEMENT, WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT, ETC.

•NON-PUNITIVE POLICIES THAT WOULD SUPPORT

COMMUNITY-MANAGED WATER SERVICE PROVISION

Recommendations for service providers and authorities

GLSCRP: CASE STUDY

•STORAGE, OF ANY DESCRIPTION, IS AN

IMPORTANT IN RURAL SETTINGS BUT

OFTEN UNDER CONSIDERED

•STORAGE MAKES IT POSSIBLE FOR PEOPLE

TO BE INVOLVED IN PRODUCTIVE USES

AND CONTRIBUTE TO FOOD SECURITY

•STORAGE IS A RELATIVELY CHEAP OPTION

FOR RURAL PROJECTS

•STORAGE NEEDS MONITORING (MOSTLY

NOT DONE) AND MANAGEMENT

•WATER QUALITY AND STORAGE ARE

FREQUENTLY NOT CONSIDERED IN RURAL

PROGRAMMES

•RAINWATER HARVESTING IS UNDER-

DEVELOPED

17% of households 25% of households24% of households 34% of households

Du Toit D 1,Kruger E 2, Maimela B 2,Mabunda

1-AWARD, 2-MDF

WISA: Turn the Tide 12-14June

CBCCA CASE STUDIES

DELIVERABLE 7

- RESILIENCE SNAPSHOTS

- PARTICIPATORY IMPACT ASSESSMENTS

- DATABASE AND DASHBOARDS

RESILIENCE IMPACT

MONITORING

RESILIENCE SNAPSHOTS- Individual Interviews

PARTICIPATORY IMPACT ASSESSMENTS- Focus

Group Discussions

Transformative capacity

Adaptivecapacity

Absorptive capacity

1. Socially self-

organised

2. Shared

learning

2. Shared

learning

2. Shared

learning

3. Ecologically

self-regulated

4. Honours legacy

5. Builds human capital

6. Reasonably

profitable

7. Diversity and

redundancy

8. Spatial and temporal

heterogeneity

9. Appropriately

connected

10. Globally autonomous and

locally inter-dependent

Province/area

Agroecological zone

(HarvestChoice

;

International Food

Policy Research

Institute

(IFPRI), 2015)

Villages

Number

individual

Interviews

PIAs

(focus

group

discussions)

Limpopo

- Mametja

Sekororo

Tropic

–warm -semi

arid

Willows,

Sedawa,

Santeng,

Worcester,

Turkey

Willows(

33)

Sedawa

(19)

Eastern

Cape

–

Matatiele

Sup

tropic-cool-semi

arid

Nchodu,

Ned,

Nkau,

Rashule

Nchodu

(18)

Ned

(22)

KwaZulu

Natal

–

Northern

Drakensberg

Sup

tropic-cool

Subhumid

Eqeleni,

Ezibomvini,

Stulwane,

Vimbukhalo,

Ezinyonyane

Eqeleni(

13)

Ezibomvini

(15)

Stulwane

(35)

KwaZulu

Natal

–

Southern

region

Sub

tropic

cool

subhumid

Mahhehle,

Ngongonini,

Centocow,

Matirathal

Mahhehle

(36)

Centocow

(32)

KwaZulu

Natal

–

Midlands

Sub

tropic

warm

subhumid

Ozwathini,

Mayizekanye

Ozwathini(

22)

Mayizekanye

(

26)

TOTALS

271

SNAPSHOTS EXAMPLE

INDICATORS:

- Increased Income

- Increased Productivity

Santeng

Sedawa

Turkey

Willows

Worcester

SantengSedawaTurkeyWillows Worcester

Average of increase in

income R 385.50R13438.30R12304.74R5251.88R2 604.00

Average of IncomeR1 152.50R24470.00R41659.00R46515.00R34476.50

Average of Inc in amount115.0 474.31301.9284.4 193.0

Average of Amount inkg675.01430.5 2200.5650.4523.8

Average of Eaten75% 59% 62% 73% 82%

Average annual village level production and income

figures in Limpopo, 2024 (n=20)

PIA EXAMPLE:

Organisational clusters (Bergville, KZN)

Stulwane (35)

Eqeleni (12)

Ezibomvini (16)

Farming, livestock

Internal

5 (poultry and

livestock

association, stock

theft association,

Firewood cutting

and sale group, CA

work group)

3 (Livestock

association and

stock theft group

and agricultural

cooperative)

4 (Marketing group,

livestock association,

stock theft association

and agric coop)

DoA supports with livestock, dipping and vaccinations. In

the past assisted with field cropping but COVID and climate

change has stopped this.

MDF is important in the villages. FSG has supported with

biochar experiments, some fencing, and limited fencing and

marketing support. Agricultural cooperatives were formed

in 2016, but have not been active due to lack of support

from DoA)

CRA learning groups: Ezibomvini (52), Stulwane (30),

External

2 (MDF,

DoA)

2(MDF, Farmer

Support Group

FSG,

DoA)

2 (MDF, FSG, DoA)

Water and natural resource management

Internal

4 (Water

committee,

resource

management

committee, craft

group, community

burial forest)

1(River cleaning

group)

2Water and resource

management

committees)

Committees look after the 2 self

-supply water schemes (94

households) in Stulwane and 1 scheme in Ezibomvini

(11hhs), undertake grazing management, alien clearing, and

erosion control activities

MDF supports the Climate resilient agriculture learning

groups, to which other committees are linked.

External

1 (MDF)

1 MDF)

Community engagement, social

Internal

3 (soccer, hunting

group)

3(youth group,

hailstorm group,

men’s group)

2 (youth group,

hailstorm group)

Cultural clubs, sport, hunting, prayer groups, traditional

ceremonies)

External

Church

Internal

Savings

Internal

Stokvels are a traditional practise and are common in the

villages. In Bergville the stokvels are arranged according to

purpose e.g. firewood, building, Christmas, food and

funerals The VSLAs are seen to differ as here people can

save for productive activities and small businesses

External

2 (MDF

- VSLA and

BLF

-bulk loan fund)

3 (MDF)

4(MDF VSLAs incl new

youth group)

Health

External

Dept of Health

–

Mobile clinic

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ORGANISATIONS

- Functions And Relationships

PERCENTAGE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRA PRACTICES IN BERGVILLE, KZN,

JULY2024.

Soil

Trench beds, 75%Microtunnels, 60%

Furrows and

ridges, 10%Compost, 15%Manure, 80%

Water

Rain

wate

harv

Drip irrigation, 55%

Mulching, 90%Diversion ditches, 20%

Plant production

CA, 80%

Planti

herbs,

Natural P&D control,

15%

Mixed cropping, 85%

Inter cropping, 70%

Crop rotation, 75%

Livestock Integration

Fodder production, 45%

Winter

supplemen

tation, 5%

Grazing

manageme

nt, 20%

Fire breaks, 50%

Cutting, storage of

fodder, 50%

Cutting and Baling ,

40%

cutting and

feeding , 35%Restoration, 35%

DASHBOARD

VISUALISATION OF INTERACTIVE DATA FROM ADAPTIVE, ABSORPTIVE AND TRANSFORMATIVE INDICATOR SETS

INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

ANNA KOTSCHY

RESEARCHSTUDY REPORT

Exploration of factors that contribute towards greater success and sustainability of farming

businessenterprisesparticipatingintheMDFprogrammes:Acasestudy

SUMMARY

•This case study reports on factors that contribute towards greater success of farm-based

enterprises that are operated by participants in the CRA programme

•Used resource-based view (RBV), resource dependency theory (RDT) and sustainable livelihoods

framework (SLF) as theoretical framework

•Qualitative, exploratory case study, purposively selected 18 respondents

•The study concludes that focused savings groups provide a springboard for participants to

improve/supplement their incomes through farm-based microenterprises

RESULTS (7 THEMES)

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Capital outlayIncome earnedProfit earned

Responsive Small-scale Farming Enterprise: Average

supplementary income of R1 300 per month

RESULTS CONT …

•NON-FARMINGIGAS:SUSTAIN INCOMES WHILE WAITING TO HARVEST; AND USED TO BUILD LOYALTY

WITH REGULAR THEIR CUSTOMERS

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RESULTS CONT …

1. VSLAS AS ALTERNATIVE FINANCIAL RESOURCES: ABOUT 35% OF OPERATING CAPITAL WAS SOURCED

FROM THE VSLAS; HELPS WITH RE-PURPOSING/RECYCLING INCOMES

2. USEFUL KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION: INFORMATIONS SESSIONS, TRAINING EVENTS AND FIELD

SUPERVISION; A KEY RESOURCE FOR STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING IN ALL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

3. ADOPTION OF CRA PRACTICES: CRA ADD VALUE TO THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL FARMS BY

IMPROVING QUALITY AND YIELDS

4. SUCCESS FACTORS OF SMALL-SCALE FARMING ENTERPRISES:BUSINESS PLANNING, CAPITAL

ACQUISITION, FINANCING, CROP DIVERSIFICATION, PRODUCTION SCHEDULING, MARKETING

PLANNING, SUPPLEMENTARY ENTERPRISES, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND RECORDKEEPING

5. SOCIAL NETWORKS:BUILDING AND MAINTAINING SOCIAL RELATIONS AND BUSINESS PARTNERSHIPS

THROUGH FLGS, VSLAS, EXTERNAL ORGANISATIONS, GOVERNMENT

KEY RECOMMENDATIONS

•INSTITUTIONALISED AND COHERENT SUPPORT IS THEREFORE KEY FOR FARMING MICROENTERPRISES JUST AS ESTABLISHED

BUSINESSES

•PROMOTION OF VSLAS MUST INCLUDE INTENSIVE COMPONENT OF FINANCIAL EDUCATION AND SPENDING TIME ON

BUDGETING, RECORDING OF INCOME AND EXPENSES, CREATING EMERGENCY FUNDS AND MAKING INCOME AND

EXPENDITURE PROJECTIONS

•FOCUS ON BULKING OF SAVINGS FOR VSLAS TO AFFORD GRANTING OF BIGGER BUSINESS LOANS

•SUPPORT FARM-BASED ENTERPRISES SHOULD COMMENCE BY PROFESSIONALLY-CONDUCTED PVCAS TO HELP PARTICIPANTS

TO UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND SO THAT THEY CAN IDENTIFY MOST PROFITABLE COMMODITIES

AND/OR SERVICES

•FARMERS TO TAKE CONSISTENT ACTIONS AND CHAMPION COMMUNITY-BASED SOCIAL ENTERPRISES, E.G. COMMUNAL

WATER MANAGEMENT (INCLUDING SPRINGS AND WETLANDS PROTECTION), CONSERVATION RESTORATION, PREVENTION

OF SOIL EROSION AND DONGAS, RANGELAND MANAGEMENT, ETC.

NQE DLAMINI- PHD

Learning values through participation in savings groups in Kwazulu-Natal: An afrocentric

case study. UKZN_Dept ofEducation (reg:Feb 2022)

TEMAKHOLO MATHEBULA –MPHIL

The Role of the Social and Solidarity Economy in Strengthening Climate Resilient Agriculture

(CRA) Adoption in Smallholder Farming Systems in KwaZulu-Natal. UKZN-Dept of Food

Security (reg: Still in progress)

CAPACITY BUILDING

PROGRESS – PH.DSTUDY

TITLE: LEARNING VALUES THROUGH PARTICIPATION IN SAVINGS GROUPS

IN KWAZULU-NATAL: AN AFROCENTRIC CASE STUDY

N.J. DLAMINI | SCHOOL OF EDUCATION | UKZN | PMB CAMPUS

Study Location: Emmaus in Bergville, KwaZulu-Natal

22 August 2024

OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

•PROBLEM STATEMENT: USERS OF SAVINGS GROUPS MAY NOT BE AWARE THAT THEY LEARN

WHILE THEY PARTICIPATE IN THEIR GROUPS AND MAY BE UNKNOWINGLY RESOLVING POSSIBLE

TENSIONS BETWEEN EUROCENTRIC VALUES AND AFROCENTRIC VALUES

•PURPOSE: TO EXPLORE VALUES PEOPLE LEARN THROUGH PARTICIPATING IN SAVINGS GROUPS

AND HOW PEOPLE NAVIGATE TENSIONS THAT MAY EXIST BETWEEN EUROCENTRIC VALUES AND

AFROCENTRIC VALUES

•MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION: HOW DO PEOPLE NAVIGATE POSSIBLE TENSIONS BETWEEN

EUROCENTRIC VALUES AND AFROCENTRIC VALUES WHILE THEY PARTICIPATE IN SAVINGS

GROUPS?

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

•TO EXPLORE WHAT VALUES PEOPLE LEARN THROUGH PARTICIPATING IN SAVINGS GROUPS

•TO UNDERSTAND HOW PEOPLE LEARN THESE VALUES

•TO UNDERSTAND HOW PEOPLE NAVIGATE POSSIBLE TENSIONS BETWEEN EUROCENTRIC VALUES

AND AFROCENTRIC VALUES

•[CONTRIBUTION: IDENTIFY GAPS IN THE LITERATURE REGARDING AFRICAN WAYS OF LEARNING

WITHIN THE MICROFINANCE DISCOURSE (IN THIS SECTOR, THE GROWING BODY OF LITERATURE

TEND TO FOCUS ON SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE, RATHER THAN VALUES)]

PROGRESS

•DEFENDED THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUCCESSFULLY IN SEPTEMBER 2023

•ETHICAL CLEARANCE APPLICATION LODGED IN DEC 2023 AND GRANTED IN MAY 2024

•SUBMITTED THE FIRST 3 CHAPTERS TO SUPERVISORS – AND CURRENTLY WAITING FOR THE FEEDBACK

NEXT ACTIONS:

•GET CHAPTER 4 AND DATA COLLECTION TOOLS ACCEPTED BY OCT 2024

•COMMENCE DATA COLLECTION THIS NOV THROUGH TO JUNE 2025 (PARTICIPANTS WILL TAKE

ACTIVE ROLE IN PRELIMINARY DATA ANALYSIS DURING THIS TIME)

•SUBMIT THESIS FOR EXAMINATION BY OCT 2025

•ATTEND TO CORRECTIONS IN JAN/FEB 2026

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

THE SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS INFLUENCING

FARMER ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN

OZWATHINI, KWAZULU-NATAL

TN MATHEBULA, STUDENT NO: 4481656

SUMMARY OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

qHISTORICALLY,MAJORCLIMATICSHIFTSWEREDRIVENBYGEOPHYSICALFORCES,HOWEVER,WEHAVE

ENTEREDWHATSOMEAUTHORSTERM,THE‘ANTHROPOCENE’AGEWHERECOLLECTIVEHUMANACTIVITIES

HAVERISENTOBETHE‘DEFININGGEOLOGICALFORCEOFCLIMATICTRANSFORMATION.’ (RUDDIMAN, 2005).

qHUMANACTIVITIESSUCHASLANDDEMARCATIONFORPRIVATIZATION,THERISEOFAGRICULTURAL

PRODUCTION,LARGE-SCALEDEFORESTATION,INDUSTRIALIZATION,SLAVERY,MECHANIZATIONAND

ENGINEERINGHAVEALLCONTRIBUTEDTOLANDSCAPETRANSFORMATIONANDCLIMATEPRODUCTION.

STUDIESSUGGESTTHATSMALLHOLDERRAIN-FEDAGRICULTUREHASBEENTHEMOSTIMPACTEDBY

CLIMATECHANGE(THORNTONETAL, 2014). PREDICTIONSFROMTHEFOURTHASSESSMENTREPORTOFTHE

IPCCREVEALTHATBYTHEYEAR2050, YIELDSFROMRAIN-FEDAGRICULTUREINSUB-SAHARANAFRICAN

COUNTRIESWILLBEREDUCEDBYUPTO 50% (IPCC, 2007).

qTHIS STUDYAIMS TO PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO HOW UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF POWER AND POLITICAL

PROCESSES UNDERMINETHE ABILITY OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS TO COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

qTHE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THIS STUDY IS THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY THEORY TO

UNDERSTAND THE SOCIO-POLITICAL PROCESSES THAT INFLUENCE SMALLHOLDER

FARMERS' ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE.

q“POLITICAL ECOLOGY IS A CRITICAL THEORY APPLIED IN ANTHROPOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, AND OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES. IT HELPS TO ANALYSE UNEVEN

DISTRIBUTIONS OF POWER CAUSED BY STATE-BASED AND MARKET-RELATED POLICY

INTERVENTIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS.” (COOK, 2023).

qPOLITICAL ECOLOGY ELUCIDATES HOW SOCIALAND POLITICAL FACTORS INFLUENCE

SMALLHOLDER FARMER VULNERABILITY. IT IS PREMISED ON THE REALITY THAT CLIMATE

CHANGE IS A PRODUCT OF POLITICS. ITALSO INTERROGATES THE EXISTING POLICY

FRAMEWORKS AND UNEVEN POWER DISTRIBUTION WHICH AFFECTS FARMER RESILIENCE

TO CLIMATE CHANGE (MOORE, 2019).

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

MAINRESEARCHQUESTION

WHATARE THE EXISTING SOCIO-POLITICAL DYNAMICS THAT INFLUENCE SMALLHOLDER

FARMER ADAPTATIONTO CLIMATE CHANGE?

SUB QUESTIONS

1. WHAT DO FARMERS UNDERSTAND ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THEIR

FARMING ACTIVITIES?

2. WHATARE THE EXISTING INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES FOR SMALLHOLDER FARMERS AND

HOW DO THESE INFLUENCE ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE?

3. WHATARE THE CORE VALUES, NORMS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS AND HOW DO THEY SHAPE THE

ALLOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES?

4. WHATARE THE MAJOR CAUSES OF INEQUALITY, POWER IMBALANCES AND SOCIAL

INJUSTICE IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND HOW DO THESE ENTRENCH VULNERABILITY?

METHODOLOGY

qDESKTOPANALYSIS OF CURRENT TRENDS IN CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

AND SOCIAL-POLITICAL PROCESSES IN COMMUNITIES

qQUALITATIVE RESEARCH FOR DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS USING A

POST-STRUCTURALIST HERMENEUTIC APPROACH.

qNON-PROBABILITY PURPOSIVE SAMPLINGTECHNIQUES TO IDENTIFY

INDIVIDUALAND GROUP PARTICIPANTS.

qKEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS, GENDER-SPECIFIC FOCUS GROUPS, AND

HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS

KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION

EVENTS,SEMINARS, CONFERENCES

-NDC stakeholder meeting (20 March 2024)

-WISA (12-14 June 2024)

-AN colloquium (14-17 July 2024)

-9WCCA (22-25 July 2024)

-WITS RURAL 2nd Science Symposium (2 August

2024)

-EWT, SAEON, WWF, INR-Farmer x visit – resource

management (8 August 2024)

WEBSITE LINKS

-Adaptation Network – dss

-Amanzi for Food (Rhoades University) – CCA and

resources

Work

plan

Team

Activities

Sept-

Oct

Nov-

Dec

Subm

ission

Refined

CbCCA

decision

support

framework

with

updated

databases

and CRA

practices

MDF: Erna Kruger,

Matthew Evans, Anna

Kotschy

Update CRA practices and expand

agroecological zones

2024/12

/13

MDF and ELRC

(Rhodes) Wilma van

Staden

Finalise sharing of Amanzi for Food

platform and including of dss

MDF and CSAG (UCT

Dr Peter Johnston

Discuss collaboration in updating

modelling data for the dss platform

to incorporate climate change and

more accurate regional climate

data into the model

MDF: Erna Kruger

INR: Brigid Letty

COPs: Northern Drakensberg

Collaborative continuation

Proposal development through

Lewis Foundation

MDF; Erna Kruger and

Karen Kotschy

Finalise climate resilience MERL

framework and develop online tool

with dashboards

DETAILED WORK PLAN- SEPT-DEC 2024

ØCONTINUATIONOFIMPLEMENTATIONFORTHECRALEARNING

GROUPSACROSSTHREEPROVINCES

ØONGOINGINVOLVEMENTINCOPS: AN-CAPACITYBUILDING

ANDLEARNING,PGS-SA,NORTHERNDRAKENSBERG

COLLABORATIVE

ØUPDATEONPOSTGRADUATESTUDENTS’PROGRESS: NQE

DLAMINI(PHD)_UKZNANDTEMAKHOLOMATHEBULA

(MPHIL)_UWC.

ØFINALIZATIONOFCLIMATERESILIENCEMONITORING

FRAMEWORKANDINDICATORSETS,ANALYSISFRAMEWORKS

ANDDASHBOARDS.

ØDISCUSSPOTENTIALCOLLABORATIONWITHTHECLIMATE

SYSTEMSACTIONGROUP(DRPETERJOHNSTON)FROMUCT,

TOPROVIDEDATASETSFORTHEDECISIONSUPPORT(DSS)

PLATFORMTHATINCORPORATECLIMATECHANGEASPECTS

MOREDIRECTLYTHANTHEPRESENTSETSANDUPDATETHE

TOOLACCORDINGLY.

ØUPDATINGPRACTICESANDONLINEDSSPLATFORMAND

FORMALIZECOLLABORATIONWITHTHEAMANZIFORFOOD

PLATFORMFORDISSEMINATION

ØFINALIZEMANUALFOR AFRAMEWORKFORSUCCESSFUL

IMPLEMENTATIONOFMULTISTAKEHOLDERPLATFORMSAND

ØPREPARETHEFINALREPORT

Overall workplan: 2024-2025

THANK YOU