WRC_ Resilience Participatory Impact
Assessment_Nchodu_15May 2024
1.1OUTLINE
The workshop has two main aspects:
-
Assessing human and social increase in resilience and agency through implementation
and processes
-
Assessing resilience of climateresilient agriculture implementation and
PIA workshop outline
1.2PART1:HUMANANDSOCIALABSORPTIVEANDTRANSFORMATIVECAPACITY
1.2.1 Social organisation mind mapping exercise
1.2.1.1 Using di@erent card colours large(orange), medium (blue) and small (yellow) square. Each
participant was given cards to write the name of organisations they belongto. Using the criteria
Large(important), medium (little important), small(not that important). Thecriteria were
explained to participants before starting withthe activity.
Figure 1 below: Shows participants writing on cards given,the nameof organizations they
belong to and are present in their village. Some participants were given more than one card of
either large, medium, or small card, because they belong to di>erent organizations in their
village.
1.2.1.2 Cards were collected from participants and organizations were clustered according to
types. Cards collected, these are the following clusters: Farming & water, livestock, savings,
funeral & social, and community engagement.A wall was used to paste clusters that were
created and cards with organisation name were pasted under the correct cluster.
From the activity aboveshown inthe picture Sphumeand Betty constructed a mind map, that
clearly indicate organisations and placed them under their cluster type. In addition, to follow the
colour criteria organisations were highlighted according to colour of importance, to indicate how
important the organisation is to participants. A mind map below was derived from all information
given by participants. During this activityit was very clear that most organisations that are internal
had no thought of name like theorganisation under funeral and social, most organisation were
created by a small group of people and not even give the group a name, but would meet regularly
and have their records with no exact name of the organisation, but just the functionof the
organisation. From the mind map,it can be concluded that there are more of internal
organisation, than of external organisation in these village.
1.2.1.3 A small discussion followedthe mind map activity, where farmers were asked more on
each organisation they belong to.
Clusters
Name of organization
Internal/External
No. of
people
Women
Men
Youth
Farming (crops
and water
ERS
External
Community
LIMA
External
Community
MDF
External
33
29
1
3
Dept. of Agriculture
External
Community
1
Savings
Umgalelo
Internal
11
7
1
3
Society stokvel
Internal
6
2
1
3
Grocerystovel
Internal
8
7
1
SEF
Internal
25
25
SaceAct
External
6
3
1
2
Naledi money stokvel
Internal
24
23
1
Mogodisano wa
chelete
Internal
3
2
1
Organizations
Community engagement
Lekgotla
Livestock
Malehlakana Dubula
Ruwang project
Naledi Coop
Thusanang dairy coop
Savings
Mogodisano wa chelate
Naledi money stokvel
SaveAct
SEF
UMgalelo
Society stokvel
Grocery stokvel
Funerals and social
Kopanoya dipitsa
Masincwabisane/phutha ditshaba
Sekoti mpate
Thusanang burial society
Department of health
Mkhatlo wa bonkgomo
Itekeng burial society
Beer stokvel
Farming (crops and water)
ERS
LIMA
MDF
Dept. of Agriculture
Funerals and
Socials
Beer stokvel
Internal
12
12
Kopanoya dipitsa
Internal
6
6
Masicwabisane/phutha
di tshaba
Internal
Community
Sekoitimpate
Internal
45
43
2
Thusanang burial
society
internal
Community
Dept. of Health
Externa
Community
Itekeng burial society
Internal
11
11
Mokhatlo wa bonkgono
internal
community
Livestock
Malehlakana dubula
internal
Livestock
farmers
Naledi matema
internal
5
4
1
Thusanang dairy coop
Internal
16
3
10
3
Ruwang project
Internal
5
2
3
Community
engagement
Lekgotla/Tribal
Authority
Internal
Community
Environmental and Rural Solutions (ERS) work with the entire community but as individual, with
both livestock and crop, participants couldn’t be specific on the number of people, whether
youth, men,or women. All they know is that they work with both men and women, young or old in
the village. ERStogether with LIMAalso assisted the community with water issues, by protecting
natural springs where they collect water during winter season and all community members have
access to that resource.LIMA also has created SEFwhere small gardensare establishedinthe
village, at selected vulnerable households and day care centre to feed vulnerable people in the
community. Department of Agriculture doesn’t work in the community, it is only one person who
received a voucher, they don’t have a learninggroupin the village.Masicwabisane/Phutha di
tshaba is a funeral organisation where all members in the community contribute R20 to the
household/s that have a funeral. Department of Health mobile clinic renders services once a
month in the community, where everyone can access the facility. Lekgotla organisation is for the
community and assist them with solving community conflicts, announcements of community
project and what is happening in the community.
A small discussion on what participants notice here inrelation to gender and equity:
From data collected it is clear that women participate more in organisation than men and youth,
reasonbeing,womenareresponsibleforrunning households, withman in thebackground
making and supporting financially as head of the house. In some households’ women are head of
the house and make decision. Youth participation is low in most internal/external organisation
because they are either working far away from home or are unemployed and can’t a@ord to be
part of the organisations.
1.2.2 Small group exercise (functions, activities, learning)
1. Farming (crops & water)
Group name
Function
Activities
(what the
group does
and helps
with)
Increased
knowledge -
What have
you learnt?
What can
you do now
that you
couldn’t
before
How are
things
better
How has this
changed your
own beliefs
and attitudes
Rank-most
important for
you and say
why
Department
of Agriculture
Helps with
agricultural
inputs
(seeds and
fertiliser)
Giving
farmers
vouchers
How to use
fertilisers
She is
selling
vegetables
and eating
from her
garden
She can
provide for
her family
Not that
important as it
managed to
help one
farmerinthe
community
Mahlathini
Development
Function
O@ering
farming
trainings
Agricultural
inputs and
networking
Increased
knowledge
on how to
look after
the soil,
crops and
use organic
matter in
their
farming
activities
They are
making an
income
from the
gardens
they have in
their
households
Their
livelihood has
changed,
they can feed
their families
Most
important,
because they
learn as a
learning group,
share
experiences
and knowledge
as farmers.
LIMA
Helping
farmers
They have
given
farmers
broiler
chickens
and have
worked with
ERS to
protect their
water spring
They are
selling
chickens
and
collecting
drinking
water from
the spring.
Having an
extra
income and
access to
water
during dry
times
One can be
their own
employer and
make money
through
farming
di@erent
things
Most
important, they
have
accessible
water
ERS
Helps
communities
with
protecting
springs
Protecting
natural
springs
How to use
water
without
wasting
They are
drinking
water
They also
have water
for their
livestock
Most
important,
because they
have helped
them with
getting water
2. Livestock
Group name
Function
Activities
(what the
group does
and helps
with)
Increased
knowledge-
What have
you learnt?
What can you
do now that
you couldn’t
before
How are
things better
How has this
changed your
own beliefs
and attitudes
Rank-most
important for
you and say
why
Thusanang
dairy co-op
Rauwang
Naledi Matima
co-op
Crop farming
Grains
Vegetables
Toplough
Toprepare
soil
Tosave
money
Co-operation
Tosave seeds
Touse
di@erent
types of
pesticides
and weeds
Wenowknow
how to use
soil in
di@erent
seasons and
the types of
crops that
can be
planted
The fact that
the food that
we buy and
eat is from
the soil, and
if you do it for
yourself you
can make
more money
and save
Wenowknow
how to put
food in our
homes,
create jobs
for
communities
and to have
productive
soils.
Malehlakana
Dubula
Livestock
farming
Stock theft
Protection of
animals
Search for
stolen
animals and
thieves
Toknow how
to take care
of livestock
and be united
as farmers
and save
money
monthly
Wearenow
able to sleep
because we
have less
stock theft,
and we can
buy feed and
medicine
with the
money we
save
As a co-op
we can now
do better,
when we
unite, and the
women can
now
farm/own
livestock and
be safe
Youcansave
money to buy
any where
and take from
your kraal.
for their
livestock and
for them to
drink.
3. Funerals & social agency
Group
name
Function
Activities
(what the
group does
and helps
with)
Increased
knowledge-
What have
you learnt?
What can
you do now
that you
couldn’t do
before
How are
things
better
How has this
changed your
own beliefs
and attitudes
Rank-most
important for
you and say
why
Thusanang
Society
Bury the
dead
Helps with
grocery and
casket.
Tohavea
burial
society,
because
the
funerals
are
expensive
Things are
better as
they don’t
have to out
money
from their
pockets
when they
have a
funeral
Saving for
unforeseen
circumstances
helps
Most
important,
because
funerals are
expensive
Department
of Health
mobile
clinic
Helps
people with
health-
related
services
Provide
health
services
and
medication
to people in
need
They get
more
knowledge
about
taking care
of their
health
They get
free
services
without
having to
pay more
for
transport
to nearest
clinics
The
department
does try to help
them
Most
important,
because
people are
being helped
with their
health
issues.
Itekeng
Funeral
insurance
Help with
collecting
money
towards
funeral
preparations
They help
with buying
grocery
They have
learnt that
networking
and
working
together
helps as a
community
Funerals
expenses
are
covered
It has taught
them to
prepare and
save for future
unforeseen
circumstances.
Most
important, it
helps even
those who
don’t have
money to pay
funeral
expenses
because
they can
prepare for
that in
future.
Kopanoya
Dipitsa
They buy
each other
pots that are
used to
cook with
fire during
ceremonies
They all
contribute
towards
buying pots
for one
person per
month
They have
learnt that
it easier to
get things
like this
when
working in
groups
Things are
better now
that they
don’t have
to borrow
everything,
some of
the things
one can
have tem
when
working
together
with other
people.
They don’t
borrow pots
from people
anymore
Less
important
because one
can still buy
pots on their
own.
Sekoti
Mpate
Society
Help with
collecting
money
towards
funeral
preparations
They help
with buying
grocery.
They have
learnt that
networking
and
working
together
helps as a
community
Funerals
expenses
are
covered
It has taught
them to
prepare and
save for future
unforeseen
circumstances.
Most
important, it
helps even
those who
don’t have
money to pay
funeral
expenses
because
they can
prepare for
that in
future.
Beer
stokvel
They buy
each other
beers
Each
person in
the group
buy a case
of alcohol
when one in
the group
has a
ceremony
They have
learnt that
it is
important
to help
each other.
It helps
with
reducing
expenses
when oje
has a
ceremony
It has helped
women to be
able to serve
their guests
when they have
ceremonies
Less
important, it
is not
everyday one
does a
ceremony.
Makhatlo
wa
Bonkgono
Training
elders
Elders meet
to be
trained
Trainingto
improve
fitness and
be healthy
They are
not sick
more often
Elders are
more active in
the community
Medium
important,
because
they don’t
meet
everyday
Phuthadi
tshaba
Each
household
contribute
R20 that
goes to the
familythat
has a
funeral.
They give
money
towards
burial
preparation.
They have
learnt that
working
together is
important
It helps
even the
poor
They no longer
burry people
using timber
Medium
important,
because the
money helps
with
preparations.
4. Savings
Group name
Function
Activities
(what the
group does
and helps
with)
Increased
knowledge-
What have
you learnt?
What can
you do now
that you
couldn’t do
before
How are things
better
How has
this
changed
your own
beliefs and
attitudes
Rank-most
important
for you and
say why
Umgalelo
Save money
Helps
women to
come
together
and unable
them to
save for
their needs
They learn
about
saving
money and
helping
those in
need of
money
through
loans
They can deal
with
unplanned
circumstances
that needs
money
Saving
small
amount of
money
does help
in times of
need
Most
important.
It helps
with saving
for their
needs
Small
Enterprise
Fund
Save money
They meet
as women
and are
taught how
to save
money
They have
learnt to
save
money to
buy what
they want
They have
more
knowledge of
saving maoney
They have
been
helped a
lot with
having to
learn and
have more
knowledge
on saving
money
Most
important,
have
learned to
work with
other
people in
the
community.
Save-act
Save money
The
importance
Things are
much better,
because now
they can buy
They can
save
money all
throughout
Most
important,
learnt to
create
of saving
money
things they
wanted
the year to
get their
money
December
and buy
what they
wanted
groups out
of trust.
Naledi
Money
stokvel
Mokgadisane
They give
each other
R500/month
They help
each other
buy
household
necessities
It has
helped
them to
work for
what they
want with a
positive
mind.
Things are
better as they
managed to
get more
household
sta@ without
credit
Their lives
has
changed a
lot
Most
important,
managed to
buy
household
necessities
and pay
school
fees.
Grocery
Stokvel
Each
member
contribute
R400/month
They loan
each other
money to
make more
money
through
interest, to
wards
buying
grocery for
each other
at the end
of the year.
Saving for
di@erent
things they
need
Things are
much better
when you
meet and work
with other
women.
Doesn’t
spend
more on
food in the
middle of
they year,
because of
the bulk
they
receive at
the end of
the year
Most
important
because
they can
save money
Society
stokvel
Thye give
each
R600/month
They help
each other
buy
household
necessities
It has
helped
them to
work for
what they
want with a
positive
mind.
Things are
better as they
managed to
get more
household
sta@ without
credit
Their lives
has
changed a
lot,
because
they are
able to
trust some
members
in the
community
and they
Most
important,
managed to
buy
household
necessities
and pay
school
fees.
help each
other.
5. Community engagement
Group
name
Function
Activities (what
the group does
and helps with)
Increased
knowledge-
What have
you learnt?
What can
you do now
that you
couldn’t do
before
How are
things better
How has
this
changed
your own
beliefs and
attitudes
Rank-most
important
for you and
say why
Lekgotla
Sechaba
It helps fix
people in
the
community
Community
meetings,
announcements
and help with
community
conflicts
Knowledge
on how one
engage with
other
community
members
and how to
respect one
another as a
community
Things are
better in
their
community,
even house
breakings
are lesser
They are
much happy
and work
together as
a
community
Most
important ,
because
that’s where
they are
helped with
resolving
community
conflicts.
1.2.2.2A discussion was held with the farmers to find out what farmers have learnt and howthat
will change how they do things in the future (including farming, livelihoods,water,resources,
economy, self-advancement, infrastructure, adapting to climate change, health, community
organisations…)
Farmers have learnt that networking is very important and has power. Saving is important for
unplanned circumstances. Working with your own hands is important and their stress levels
have decreased since many have learned how to farm and network with otherwomen in the
community.
1.2.2.3 How has that helped them adapt to CC –and whether it has had an impact on conflict in
the community (is it more/less or di@erent than before.
This has helped them work on their soil and has made them ensure that there is soil cover to
protect the soil from extreme heat. They have learnt to implement practices that help with
protecting the soil.
1.2.3 Venn diagram- relationships between organisations (internal and external)
Criteria used,Colour 1: Most positive impact (green),Colour two: Little to medium impact
(red)and Colour 3: Negative impact(blue).
Toidenti fyre lationshipsbetweentheinternala ndexter nalorganisat ions, a Venn diagram was
designed starting with a centralcircle called “the community”. The organisations were arranged
around the central circle, with the most important organisations closer to the centre (large orange
card), slightly important organisations (medium blue card) right after the important organisations
and the least important far out from the centre (small yellow card).
Dot stickers were prepared to show the distance between organisations how well they
relate/interact/share/worktogether. TheGreen dotsticker shows themostpositive impact, red
sticker shows little to medium impact and blue shows negativeimpact between the
organisations. Two participants assisted with placing the organisations on the diagram according
to importance to the community and the distance and relationship between them.
Figure 3above: Learning group participates assisting with the distance and relationship between
the organisations.
The Venn diagram was followed by a short discussion, on the number of meetings/events held
with people outside the community, other villages, or stakeholders. Legotla community meeting
is held four times a month. The Department of Health mobile clinic comes to the community once
a week, in case of emergencies the community must go to the nearest clinic in Matatiele. ERS and
Lima meet with individuals or community when there are things to be bought once in six months.
Dubula Malehlakane meets with the community once a month or when there are emergencies of
lost livestock or stock theft.
Figure 4below: Venn diagram showing relationships between internal and external organisations.
1.3PART2:IMPROVEDRESILIENCETHROUGHADAPTATION
1.3.1Recap climate change impacts
Participants were given four cards each. These cards were for participants to write what they have
noticed about impacts under natural, physical, economic, and human & social impacts. Each
card wouldhave an impact from each headingand arrows showing an increase or decrease of
that impact to the individual.
The headings were pasted on the wall and the participants had to individually paste the impacts
under each heading. Pictures below shows participants adding practices they have implemented
under the correct principle pasted on the wall.
As a group we went throughall the impacts listed, findinga lot of common impacts listed under
each heading.With the impacts listedit was important to findoutwhat people have been doing
to adapt to these impacts, what they have been doing tofix the problems ormake things better.
We went through the di@erent cards listedand on di@erent cards we wrote things the participants
have done and those they have thought of for each impact. The cards we pasted under headings
things done and things thought ofnext to the impacts and those which have been facilitated
before or introduced were indicated with a *.
Table2belowimpactsofCC,solutionsandsolutionsthoughtof.
Impacts
Decrease or
increase
Things done to solve or fix
impact
Things thought of
Facilitatedor
introduced by whom
Natural
impacts
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1.3.3. Practices: Recap 5 fingers and list all practices under each category
1.3.1.1
A review on five finger principle were done, with the addition of livestock and social &
human principle. These activity helps participants remember the practices and what
they have implemented in their farming practices.
1.3.1.2
Practicesimplemented(introducedandother). Participants were given cards to write
practices they have implemented and those they would like to try. Di@erent colour
cards were used for this activity:
•
Green colour – Implemented.
•
Red colour-Wouldliketotry.
Figure 5 above shows farmers writing on di>erent cards given, green and red practices theyhave
implemented and those they would still like to try.
1.3.1.3
A diagram of the five-finger principle was done, where all these practices were added
to. Betty and Siphumelelo took the cards and posted them under each principle, both
green and red cards. A diagram of five finger principle is presented below.
1.3.4. What have been the changes or benefits from each practice
1.3.4.1What changes have there been?Discussion with participants.
•
Mulching has helped with reducing the amount of irrigation becauseit slowsdown water
evaporation. It has also helped with filling small dongas that were formed by water and
soil movement in the household and garden.
•
Trenchbedshelped with less soil movement during rainy season.
•
Mixed cropping helped with pests and disease control in their garden.
•
Greywater helps save water.
•
Pestsanddiseaseorganicremedieshelpedwithpestsinthegarden.
1.3.4.2How important are these changes to your lives? How theydecide? Which criteria would
theyuse to decide?
A matrix rankingwas used: changes (in columns), criteria (in rows) – Use proportional piling,
working down each column participants wereasked “howimportant is this practice for the
criteria” and comparing the practices with each other (to an extent) gingo down the list.
A robot criteria was usedred: -red=no change/worse/harder, yellow=some positive change,
green= a lot better.
Figure 6below shows the matrix ranking of practices implemented, with practices on the
column and criteria in rows.
Extra pictures from the workshop