Annex 5
Narrative Interim Report
The report must describe in detail how the project has progressed and the results achieved so far, and must
describe how the project funds have been used for the planned activities. The total length should not exceed
15 pages.
BMZ Project number:6815
Project country:South Africa
Project title: Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change (CBCCA) to build resilience
Organisation: Mahlathini Development Foundation(MDF)
Project duration: 01.10.2022 bis 31.08.2025
Period:January-April 2023
1.GeneralInformation
The CbCCA project is based on working with Climate resilient Agriculture (CRA) learning groups of smallholder
participants. These groups are set up a at village level across three provinces: KZN, EC and Limpopo. They work
on an annualcyclical planning and review process for implementation of CRA practices (Field cropping,
homestead food production and livestock management) – which are supported through training, mentoring
and implementation support. The intention is to support both existing learning groups in the three provinces to
deepen their implementation and to initiate new learning groups.
Figure 1: Map of SODI-CbCCA villages across EC, KZN and Limpopo
Project no 2116ZA311
2
CRA learning group members also undertake a range of other associated activities according to their need,
meaning that not all groups undertake the same activities:
ØSetting up and running village savings and loan associations (VSLAs), with membership from the CRA
learning groups and beyond, for savings and small loans for consumption smoothing and productive
activities.
ØEnterprise development and local marketing committees and groups, mostly to run the joint monthly
produce markets in nearby towns, but also includes egg and broiler production and sales, livestock
auctions and more formal market contracts.
ØWater accessand managementthrough water committees linkedto local governance structures, for
planning and implementing integrated water management activities and
ØLivestock committees, for development of conservation agreements for rangeland management and
local livestock auctions.
The diagram below indicates the interactions with these local or micro level groups at the meso- level through
clusters and platforms with multiple stakeholders and at the meso- and macro level through more formalized
organizational forums and networks.
Figure 2: The micro-, meso- and macro-level interactions for the CbCCA programmeand the Communities of
Practice (COPs).
Quarterly project reports outline the trainings undertaken, field-based activities undertaken with the CRA
learning groups and their progress related to economic empowerment (VSLAs, marketing etc.). information on
activities related to the innovation and multistakeholder platforms is also to be included in summary form.
Integrated water and natural resources management activities are more discreet in nature and will be reported
on as progress is made. This also applies to the development of evidence-based indicators and the monitoring
and evaluation handbook development.
1.1.Project Description/ Project Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic, global economic downturns and internal political and economic instability have
exacerbated the already significant negative impactof climate change on smallholder farmer communities in
South Africa. Unemployment is very high (60-80%), with very low incomes primarily through social grants
(around R2000/month per household of 4-5 members). Smallholders need to find ways to provide for a
sustainable livelihood for themselves through farming and resource use in their villages. The climate resilient
agriculture practices have been piloted and have been shown to significantly improve both livelihoods and
social agency and now needs to be deepened and expanded.
Project no 2116ZA311
3
The project objectives and outputs are summarized in the small table below.
Overall objective
(impact)
Communities have improved their livelihoods and their capacity to adapt to climate change and
have strengthened their resilience climate change risks and shocks
Project
outputs/objectives
O1
Capacity is developed for creation of and strengthening institutional frameworks and
mechanisms for including proven multi-benefit approaches that promote collective action and
coherent Community based Climate Change Adaptation (CbCCA) implementation.
O2
The farmer level decision support system for implementation of CRA is upscaled in eastern SA.
O3
Appropriate frameworks for monitoring and evaluation of environmental benefits and agro-
ecosystem resilience are developed at multiple scales
O4
Improvement of water and natural resources management and governance through
community ownership
1.2.Source ofInformation
Each activity set within the project has a focused monitoring and evaluation process, to encompass the range
of environmental, agricultural, economic and social indicators used for reporting. Monitoring forms include for
example the CCA baselines, crop and garden monitoring, poultry production monitoring and fodder
supplementation monitoring. Databases are collated for the monthly VSLA (village savings and loan
associations) records and monthly market stall sales and incomes. Seasonalreviews for each learning group
consists of focus group discussions and individual interviews. Resilience snapshots and participatory impact
assessments provide more summative evaluative content.
In addition, the provincial field team leaders (Betty Maimela and Mazwi Dlamini) provide monthly reports on
training and implementation undertaken with the CRA learning groups. Photographs are included in these
summaries and attendance registers are available. All interns are expected to provide monthly field work
reports(for SODI – Sphumelelo Mbhele)and reports for events, workshops and meetings are submitted.
Erna Kruger uses these reports and databases to compile the SODI quarterly reports for the organization.
Financial reports re compiled jointly by Erna Kruger and Sarika Ramsewak.
2.Project Status
OverallObjective(Impact): Communities are empowered to adapt to climate change and their resilience is
strengthened.
Project Objective
(Outcome):
Indicator
Base value
(quantitative & qualitative)
Equivalent to proposal
Target value
(Quantitative & qualitative)
Equivalent to proposal
Achievements
(quantitative & qualitative)
Smallholder families in 3
provinces in South Africa
apply climate-adapted
agricultural practices and
diversify their income
opportunities in order to
stabilize food security in
the long term.
As part of an MDF pilot
project, 345 smallholder
farmers have gained
initial experience with
local agricultural practices
for climate change
adaptation. There is
currently no coherent
regional or local system
for climate-adapted
agriculture by smallholder
2,625 beneficiaries of
smallholder farming
families and 75
stakeholders in 3 provinces
are organized in
Communities of Practice
(CoP) and implement at
least 3practices for
climate-adapted agriculture
according to developed
standards.
650participants, of whom 130
are in new learning groups(3
250beneficiaries)
Project no 2116ZA311
4
Project Goals
(Output)
Indicators
Base value
(quantitative & qualitative)
Equivalent to proposal
Target value
(Quantitative & qualitative)
Equivalent to proposal
Achievements
(quantitative & qualitative)
1. Communities of Practice
(CoP) are established at
different levels and
practices for climate-
resilient agriculture are
applied sustainably.
1.1 Learning groups (18)
at local village level have
gained initial experience
with approaches to
sustainable and climate-
resilient agriculture.
1.2 Currently,
smallholders are
supported by 2
government
organisations (ROs) and 2
non-governmental
organisations (NGOs)
1.1 CoP at local and
regional level are
implemented and
operational:
- 27 CoP / Learning groups
for climate-resilient
agriculture are established
at village level for
community-based climate
change adaptation (CbCCA)
- 3 regionalCoP with
representatives from the
local CoP are establishedin
clustersas innovation
platforms for exchange,
planning and development
- 3 regional multi-
stakeholder platforms (ROs
and NGOs) for strategy
development, policy
interactions, coherent
planning and awareness
raising are established
1.2 In the project regions, 6
ROs and 6 NGOs support
smallholder farmers
through learning and
financing opportunities.
From planning to
implementation, they are
involved in community-
based adaptation to
climate change activities.
-17 + 5 (new). Mahhehle(SKZN)
and Sophaya and Madeira
(Limpopo), eMadakaneni and
eMahlathini (Bergville)
3
- uThukela catchment
partnership
- Adaptation network
-PGS SA – Participatory
guarantee system South Africa
3
-INR_Bergville: restoration work
team of 9 youth
-AWARD_Limpopo: Youth tala
table network and transforming
Giyani Programme (WRC)
-UKZN-Centre for Water
Resources Research (CWRR)-
Community level resource
management mapping and
planning
2. A decision support tool
that takes into account
climate-resilient
agricultural practices will
be further developed and
applied by smallholder
farmers.
2.1 There are no specific
criteria for the local
assessment ofclimate-
resilient production
systems.
2.2 So far,there are no
standardized and target
group-oriented
2.1 Indicators for
monitoring and evaluating
the impact of specific
agricultural practices for
adaptation to climate
change have been
identified together with
smallholder farmers.
2.2. A handbook has been
developed and made
available as a standard
farmers.
So far, 9 community-
based village savings and
loan associationshave
been established by MDF
18 villagesare organized by
the project in their own
village savings groups
19VSLAsof which 5 are new
Project no 2116ZA311
5
approaches for climate-
resilient agriculture for
the project regions.
2.3 120 smallholder
farmers have developed
an understanding of how
to use a decision support
tool for climate-resilient
farming practices
framework for use as "open
source" for users at various
levels (in digital and printed
form).
2.3 A total of 300
smallholder farmers
independently use the
decision support tool for
climate-resilient
agricultural practices to
implement community-
based adaptation to
climate change
130smallholder farmers 9across
5 new learning groups
3. Community-based water
management will be
institutionalised and
sustainably improved.
3.1 At municipallevel,
there are insufficiently
functioning structures for
sustainable water
management.
3.2 Communities have
only limited access to
water
3.1. Six communitieshave
been institutionalized and
have a sustainable
structure (e.g. Committee
on Water Management)
3.2 Three community-
based approaches to
sustainable water
management havebeen
developed.
3
Work inEzibomviniand
Stulwane (Bgvl), and Ned
(Matatiele) in progress
2
Vimbukhalo and Stulwane water
committees in Bgvl active and
developing
The table below provides a further summary of the project statues, outlining the CRA learning groups involved
and broad activities within each group.
CbCCA -SA
2116ZA311
January-March 2023
Province
Area
CRA LGs
No of
paticipants
CCA w/s
CA
Towers
Tunnels
Gardens
(seedlings)
Poultry
Layers
livestock
integration
VSLAs
Market groups
Water
committees
Livestock
Associations
KZN
SKZN
Ngongonini
23
9
5
16
22
6
Centocow
23
2
10
10
10
1
1
1
Mariathal
18
6
15
15
Mahhehle
26
12
12
17
11
10
1
1
Midlands
Gobizembe
18
14
22
20
14
24
15
1
1
Mayizekanye
22
20
27
14
16
12
8
1
Ozwathini
35
23
25
25
17
15
7
2
2
1
1
Stulwane
28
29
5
11
8
5
6
3
2
1
1
1
Ezibomvini
24
23
3
16
10
8
5
2
2
1
1
1
Vimbukhalo
32
35
5
8
5
1
1
1
1
Eqeleni
18
15
3
6
7
3
8
2
1
1
Emadakaneni
12
15
8
1
1
eMahlathini
7
7
4
1
Limpopo
Mametja-Sekororo
Sedawa
34
7
14
1
1
1
Worcester
37
2
12
1
Willows
29
22
1
1
Santeng
36
17
11
1
Turkey
51
2
15
1
1
1
1
Project no 2116ZA311
6
Sofaya
31
7
12
8
Madeira
36
8
7
1
Eastern Cape
Matatiele
Ned
38
20
15
19
25
1
1
Nchodu
29
30
12
14
20
Mzongwana
22
18
20
10
9
7
7
Rashule
21
21
18
7
7
1
3
1
Nkau
22
22
14
11
13
5
4
TOTALS
650
204
184
293
124
201
81
11
19
11
6
7
NEW
130
22
12
30
107
15
11
5
5
NOTE: Funding support through WWF has been secured for the Bergville villages for Conservation Agriculture
and water access implementationas well as from the Mazie Trust for conservation Agriculture in the Bergville
and Midlands regions.
2.1.Explanations in the event of deviations from planning
No deviations at present.
2.2.Status of implementation
The table below is taken from the project agreement. A column hasbeen included on the right in Table 1
below,outlining the quantities and activities involved for greater clarity.
Table 1: SODI high level work plan and budgeting per activity
SODI Work plan and Budgeting
Measures & Activities
2022
2023
2024
2025
Activitties and quantities
1. Implementation of Communities of Practice (CoP)
Introductory workshops for learning
groups (LG) at village level in 3
provinces
x
x
x
x
9X 1day intro meetings
LG operation; Roles, responsibilities,
visions and planning: Workshops for 9
LGs in 3 provinces.
x
x
x
x
9x1 day visioning and action
plans
Training on capacity development for
climate-resilient production systems
x
x
x
x
x
x
3x1day training in CRA for 9
groups (R17 500/month)
Cyclical implementation of the LG at
village level: implementation and
mentoring for climate-adapted
agriculture for 27 learning groups at
village level; development of local
marketing initiatives(3) and local food
security initiatives (creation of value
chains, seed banks, etc.); Community-
based management measures for
natural resources
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
27 Learning groups in total - 9
per province (3 new).
(67 days@R200/day, thus
10days/ LF/month x 6-7LFs (R13
551/month)
Entrepreneurial support for food
security: village savings and loan
associations as well as local marketing
support and development
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Printing of savings books (Zulu,
Pedi), 24 days@R200/day, thus
4days/LF/monthx6 LFs and/or
paying for marketing costs (R7
968/month)
Cyclical implementation of innovation
platforms and multi-stakeholder
networks; Implementation and
capacity building for innovation (3)
and multi-stakeholder platforms (3);
Meetings and exchange visits
x
x
x
x
1-2 events/year: farmers day, x
visit, Multi stakeholder meeting,
(R8 400/event)
2. Development of an M&E toolbox and a manual
Project no 2116ZA311
7
Development of M&E tools and
indicators
x
x
x
x
Materials forM&E, Software for
e surveys (R19 460/year)
Development of the Handbook on
Community-Based Adaptation to
Climate Change
x
x
x
Regular M&E of MDF together with
smallholders
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Seasonal evaluation by learning
groups at village level
x
x
x
x
x
x
36 Resiliencesnapshots per year
(min)
Participatory assessments improved
climate resilience for a selection of
village-level learning groups
x
x
x
x
x
x
3 PIA's per year (Min)
3. Sustainable water management
Establishment and implementation of
institutional structures such as water
management committees
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Development of three concepts for
sustainable access to water
x
x
x
x
x
Investment
2022
2023
2024
Amount per person
Tunnels
R5 463,00
5
35
30
Poultry
R2 021,00
10
45
45
Seed (CA, veg) and poultry feed
R1 815,00
10
45
45
To further outline the activites, annual tragets and actuals have been outlined in Table 2. This table will be
updated quartely.
Table 2: Targets and actuals for project activities
Target
Actual
Target
Actual
Target
Actual
Target
Actual
2022
2022
2023
2023
2024
2024
2025
2025
No CCA Intro w/s
2
2
5
Eqeleni, eMadakaneni (Bgvl), Sofaya, Madeira (Limpopo),
Mzongwana (EC)
2
No CCA Planning w/s
2
2
5
Eqeleni, eMadakaneni (Bgvl), Sofaya, Madeira (Limpopo),
Mzongwana (EC
2
Training days (demos)
6
1
0
12
17 (EC), 4 (Bgvl), 4 (SKZN), & (Limpopo): Tower gardens,
mixed cropping, pest and disease control, trench beds, tunnel
construction,VLSLA’s value adding
12
No of LGs
1
8
2
3
23
25
27
27
No of participants - monitoring
10
8
60(CA) +107 (gardens)
10
8
10
8
Platforms (3 Ips, 3 Multi
stakeholders)
2
2
6
1 lp, 3(SANBI, AN, WWF)
6
6
Cross visits
-1: Community level (10 Midlands farmers to Bgvl for CA open
day – March 23)
-1: Organisational (12 Wagenegin/UFS students to Bgvl for Land
dynamics course)
No CCA prioritization planning
sessions
2
8
3(Bgvl-Eqeleni, eMadakaneni, eMahlathini), 2 (Limpopo-Sofaya,
Madeira),
8
18
No CCA review sessions
2
1
2
8
-
8
18
No CCA re-planning sessions
2
1
2
8
5(EC-Ned, Nchodu, Nkau, Rashule, Mzongwana), 2 (Midlands-
Mayizekanye, Gobizembe)
8
18
VSLAs (360 participants, 18
VSLAS)
18
19
18
18
Water access scenarios (min 2)
1
3 (Vimbukhalo, Stulwnae, Ezibomvini)
1
1
Livestock agreements (Min 3)
1
-
1
1
Local facilitator days (6-9),
total 114 days each
38
Noah Mhlongo:35
Isaac Malatji:17
38
38
Project no 2116ZA311
8
Phumla Nyembezi:15
Tunnels
5
35
40 – 30in progress
30
Poultry
1
0
45
15 broilers, 11 layers
45
Seed (CA, veg), poultry feed
1
0
45
Seed – 107
Poultry feed - 26
45
This information is further outlined according to the measures and activities, with dates and descriptions of
activities provided in Table 3.Again, this table is to be updated quarterly.
CRA learning group summary
Province
Area
Villages
No of participants
KZN
Bergville
Ezibomvini, Stulwane, Vimbukahlo, Eqeleni,
Emadakaneni, eMahlathini
121
Midlands
Ozwathini, Gobizembe, Mayizekanye
75
SKZN
Mahhehle,Mariathal, Centocow, Ngongonini
90
Limpopo
Sekororo-Lestitele
Sedawa, Turkey, Santeng, Worcester, Sophaya,
Madeira, Willows
254
EC
Matatiele
Ned, Nchodu, Nkau, Rashule, Mzongwana
132
5
25
650
Table 3: Description of measures and activites with dates and areas outlined: Oct-March 2023
Activity No
description
Date
Activity
1.2.1.
Establishing learning groups at
village level
2022/11/25, 12/09
2022/11/15, 11/29,
2023/03/03
2023/02/07, 02/14
2023/02/09,02/16
2023/01/18
2023/03/27
Limpopo: Sophaya
SKZN: Mahhehle-CCA workshop x 2 days, VSLA
introduction workshop
Bergville: Eqeleni
EC: Ned, Nkau
Limpopo: Madeira
1.2.2.
Training and mentoring for
climate resilient agriculture
2022/12/02
2022/10/26
2022/10/08-14
2022/11/23,24,29
2022/02/10
2022/02/27, 03/28
2022/03/08, 03/17,
03/28
2022/03/15
2023/03/07,08
2023/03/29,30
2023/03/24,27,30
Midlands:Ozwathini contouring workshopSKZN:
Mahhehle – tower gardens
EC-Matatiele: Drip irrigation workshops in 5 villages
SKZN: CA demonstration workshops in 3 villages
SKZN: Plainhill Drip irrigation training
Limpopo: Sofaya trench beds
SKZN: Mahhehle tower gardens, poultry production,
trench beds
SKZN: Mariathal gardens and experimentation
Bgvl: Madakaneni, Mahlathini – gardening training
EC: Ned, Nchodu poultry production
EC: Nec, Nchodu, Mzongwana- Pest and disease control
1.2.3.
Cyclical implementation through
mentoring for capacity
development for LG at local level
2022/08/16,17,18,19,30
2022/10/16
2022/11/21-24
2023/01/24-30
CCA review and planning workshops
-Bergville: CA review and planning (5)
-Midlands: CA review and planning (3)
-Limpopo: CCA review and planning (4)
CCA prioritization of practices
-Matatiele: 5 villages (Ned, Nchodu, Rahsule, Nkau,
Mzongwana
1.2.4.
Income diversification and
economic empowerment of local
farmers (LG at local level)
2022/10/02,11/03,
12/04, 2023/02/02,
03/02
2022/10/08,
11/07, 12/02
2022/11/05,06,07
2022/12/13
2023/01/27,02/07
2023/01/26
Market days: monthly farmers markets
-Midlands: Bamshela (Ozwathini)
-SKZN: Creighton (Centocow)
- Bergville: Bergville town
Market exploration workshops
-Midlands: Mayizekanye, Gobizembe
-PGS follow-up w/s Limpopo
-EC_Ned-Nchodu market day in Matatiele
-SKZN: Mariathal
VSLAs
VSLA introduction
Project no 2116ZA311
9
2023/02/14
Jan-March2023
2023/03/15,16
-SKZN: Mahhehle
VSLA meetings and share outs
-Bergvile: 9
-SKZN: Ngongonini (2), Centocow (2)
-Midlands: Ozwathini (2)
Limpopo: (7)
Youth tala table value adding training
1.2.5.
Implementation and capacity
development for innovation (3)
and multi-stakeholder platforms
(3)
2022/11/18
2022/11/10
2022/12/01
2023/02/23
2023/02/28
2023/03/08,09
2023/03/89,29
-SKZN: Centocow P&D control cross visit and learning
workshop
-uThukela water source forum: Visioning and action
planning – Bergville
-Adaptation Network AGM
-Regenerative Agric farmers’ day in Bergville incl Asset
research, uThukela Water Source Forum, uThukela
Development Agency
-Adaptation Network: CCA financing dialogue
-SANBI_gender mainstreaming dialogue
-WRC-ESS: Bglv Ezibomvini, Stulwane – resource
management mapping and planning
1.2.6.
Indicator development for
evidence-based indicators, M&E
and handbook development
2023/01/30- 02/03
2023/02/02
2023/01/18
2023/02/06-10
2023/01/18
2023/02/20
Limpopo: Focus Group discussions for VSLA and
microfinance for the rural poor x 3 (Turkey, Worcester,
Santeng)
Garden monitoring:
-SKZN: Plainhill, Spring Valley, Mariathal, Centocow
-EC: 5 villages
Bgvl:5 villages
CA monitoring
-EC:5 villages
-KZN: Bergville -30, Midlands 15, SKZN 15
1.2.7.
Implementation of sustainable
water management
2023/01/03-02/03
2023/03/07
KZN: Bergville: Stulwane – Conflict man and upgrading
sprint protection
KZN BGVl: Vimbukhalo system repair, committee
meetings
1.2.10.
Organisational& capacity
development
2022/11/17
2022/12/05
2023/02/13
2023/02/09, 02/16
2023/03/06
2023/03/13
-MDF AGM and organisationalcapacity development
workshop
-Mentoringand planning with new finance officer to
implement SODI financial reporting system
-Internal short learning event for rainfall and runoff
results, as well as soil fertility and Organic carbon
-Mentoring in CCA workshop implementation. Temakholo
from Midlands assisted Bergville team
-Team session on gender mainstreaming
- UKZN- Ecological mapping and use of resource planning
– Bgvl team
Below short narrative summaries are provided for some of the activities undertaken.
1.2.1$ CCA$ introduction$ and$
prioritization$sessions$
Mahhehle – SKZN, Sophaya- Limpopo, Eqeleni (Bgvl),
Mzongwana,….-EC
Below brief summaries are provided of elements of
these workshops.
Figure 3: Wandile Mkhize’s 919) tower garden in
Mahhehle.
Mahhehle-SKZN
Participants here assessed some of their existing
practices such as tower gardens against their adaptation
capacity. Participants are already harvesting greens from their tower gardens planted towards the end of 2022.
Project no 2116ZA311
10
Greens have been consumed and excessisgiven to relatives and friends, very little is sold and that is mainly as
farmgate sales. Farmers mentioned that there is reduced pressure in sourcing water from rivers and springs as
they can now use grey water with wood ash to water their tower gardens.This reduces hours spent in
collecting water and allows for more time to tend to other activities such as weeding of CA and conventional
tillage plots. For the elderly, tower gardens are much easier to workon.Wandile Mkhize (19); a young
physically challenged participant is able to work in thisgarden. He has already been eating cabbages, spinach,
beetroots and green peppers already with the rest of his family.
The group was then asked to think about reasons or factors they consider when deciding to grow food.
Infrastructure and tools, water and improved water retention, labour requirements, good quality crops were
among the list of things farmers look at. These factors were used to rank practices; tunnels,tower gardens,
mulching, CA and rainwaterharvesting practices. These practices were identified as the easierpractices, within
homestead boundarieswhere participants have full control andwhich weredeemed to providegoodresults for
the purposes of adapting to
changing climate. Practices were
ranked as follows.
Figure 4: Matrix ranking of
prioritzed CRA practices in
Mahhehle, SKZN
Tunnels came on top of the list and
this was mainly due to their deep
trenches filled organic matter,
water holding capacity, efficient
water use and protection from
birds and chickens through
enclosure with the shade netting.
Netting does to only protect crops
but regulates temperatures in the
tunnel for good quality crops. Furthermore, they allow participants to grow food all year round through drips
for irrigation and localized fertility. Tower gardens came second followed by mulching and rainwater
harvesting. Off the 21 participants in the workshop, 8 participants have jojo tanks from which they store
rainwater in the rainy season. Those who do not have jojos cannot afford them from the local outlets in Ixopo
and Umzimkhulu with a 2200L costing around R2400 excluding transport from town to Mahhehle. CA was last
on the list and this was mostly because participants felt that field cropping relied mainly on rain that they
cannot control. In as much as they still do field crops but the intensity and investment has largely been due to
increased rainfall variability, increase in insect pests and diseases as well as stray livestock, especially for those
without properfencing. Field crops are now mostly grownin homestead fenced offplots as opposed to big
fields as was the norm years ago.
VLSA in Mahhehle
The group voiced out their interest in starting their own VLSA with MDF where this local savings and loan
association will be used to finance their agricultural activities, such buying seed, seedlings, poultry stock and
feed. Participants are able to save a minimum of a R100 every month and at most R500, Thursday the 9thof
February the group will meet at Nomali Tenza’s homestead for their VLSA activation and first savings meetings
as they will bring their monies then as well. Field staff will be bringing savings box and books for the group.
Garden visits
Project no 2116ZA311
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Paulous Nxasana
Mr Paulous Nxasanais an example of afarmer that implements practices to increase his productivity. Paulous
is a pensioner and household head tasked to look after his family. He has a newlyconstructed tower garden
planted with spinach, parsley, cabbages,
beetroot, Chinese cabbage, a field of
maize, beansand summer cover crops
(Sun hemp, sunflower and millet)planted
using the conservation agriculture
method, a plot ofamadumbe, a small
garden of spinach, green peppers, and
chillies. He collects waterfrom a natural
spring a quarter of a kilometre away from
his household.
Figure 5: Mr Nxasana in his CA plot with
beans, maize and cover crops.
Mrs Jabulile Chiya has a tower garden with
a stone infiltration system for greywater
management that she cleans with clean water every week. The
tower garden is planted with parsley, cabbage, spinach, Chinese
cabbage, beetroot,and rosemary. The tower garden helps feed
the household four times a month. She also has a field where
she has implemented CA and a piggery.
Figure 6: Mrs Chiya harvesting spianch for supper.
Mzongwana/Lufefeni-EC: CCA learning
workshop (26thJanuary 2023)
Mahlathini has supported Mzongwana between 2021-2022,
introducing CA and tower gardens in assocaiton with SaveAct.
In this workshop the CCA aspects were covered, and further implementation prioritized. Farmers commented
that climate changehas affected manyfarmers leaving them frustrated bylow yield, bad soiland increased
pest and disease problems in their gardens and fields. Water shortage is also an issue, they depend on
unprotected springs for both consumption and irrigationwater. Farmers also commented on the fast-
deteriorating state of the road due to heavy downpours, that strong winds have increased and that it is
generally much hotter than before.During winter it is very cold and windy, springs dry out and livestock has no
grass for grazing. They have to get feed for livestock, which is very expensive.below is a table outlining the
outcomes of their climate change impacts brainstorming exercise
Table 4: climate change impacts brainstomring exercise in Mzongwana
Impacts
Description and linkages
Outcomes
Potential adaptive measure
Water shortage
They don’t have clean drinking
water and water for livestock.
Sickness in humans and
their livestock
Getting clean water for
consumption and cleaning springs
Too much rain in
short period
Lots of soil erosion and bad roads
Soilsbecome hard and
dongas are forming
To reduce roil erosion they don’t
know what to do, but they mulch
and plant sweet-potatoes to
decrease soil erosion.
Project no 2116ZA311
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Extreme heat
Soil temperature increase and
water evaporates quickly on the
ground
Poor and lessyields,
hunger, poverty and
death
They don’t know what to do, but
they are happy to plant their crops
inside the tunnel
Crop production
Yield decreases each year and
crop diseases increase
No yield or less yield
They are fertilizing the soil by
making trench beds and mulching
Social repercussions
Human health declines, Diseases,
Loss of jobs, Hunger, poverty,
crime, death,
Murder,crime, no
money to support
families, conflicts
between neighbors
Visit clinics when they are sick.
Pests problem
increasing
There are lots of pests on their
crops, like moles, whiteflies,
aphis and army worms
There are losing their
produce
They don’t know what to do with
pests, instead they take it out of
the garden.
Table 5: Past and present practices used by farmers in their gardens and fields
Past
Present
Future
They planted maize after ploughing
with a tractor
They are planting maize using
conservation agriculture and yield is
good
They will continue planting cover
crops and maize using CA method
They only planted crops like rape,
turnip , cabbage and potatoes
They plant different kinds of
vegetable crops including herbs even
in winter inside their tunnels
They want to continue planting
different vegetable crops even during
winter after increasing or adding
tunnels in their gardens
They have both big fields and
vegetable gardens in their
households, but there’s too much
rain ruining crops
There is too much rain and it is also
too hot, but very cold during winter,
which makes farming difficult
They used to have lots of livestock
They have livestock, which is affected
by too much heat,they are dying and
during winter they run out of feed
and livestock theft went up
They won’t have livestock if theft
continues
Figure 7:Above Left to Right: Examples of CRA practices in mzongwana: tower gardens, poultry and a
recnetly ccmpleted tunnel
Figure 8: A CA field planted to maize and beans in
Lufefeni
In prioritizing practices and actions for the coming year
farmers were keen to learn about seed saving and
storage, they also had interest in value adding of crops
like herbs, pests and disease control practical learning
workshop, mixed cropping, soil and water conservation
Project no 2116ZA311
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and poultry workshops that deals with broilers, layers and indigenous chickens. Below is the prioritization
matrix for practices (1-Hard to do, 2-Medium, 3-Easy to do)
Table 6: Matrix of the different practicesin Mzongwana
CRA Practices
Cost
labor
Material
accessibility
Hard
labor
Total
Drip irrigation
2
3
2
3
10
Diversion ditches
3
2
3
2
10
Greywater
3
3
3
3
12
Rainwater harvesting
3
3
3
3
12
Ridges and furrows
3
1
3
1
8
Stone bunds
3
3
3
1
10
Keyhole
1
2
1
1
5
Banana basins
3
3
3
3
12
Crop rotation
3
3
3
3
12
Mixed cropping
3
3
3
3
12
Mulching
3
3
3
3
12
Conservation Agriculture
3
2
3
2
10
Targeted fertilizer and lime
2
2
2
2
8
Liquid manure
3
3
3
3
12
Trench beds
3
1
2
1
7
Legumes
3
3
2
3
11
Compost
3
3
3
3
12
Eco-circle
3
3
3
3
12
1.2.1$CCA$Review$and$planning$sessions$
Seasonal CCA review and planning sessions have been undertaken in: Matatiele (5 villages), in Limpopo (5
villages), in the Midlands (2 villages), Bergville (2 villalges) and SKZN (1 village)
Matatiele-Nchodu (25thJan 2023) – Rashule (26thJan 2203)
Nchodu is one of thevillages that started working
with Mahlathini towards the end of 2022. MDFwas
invitedhere by one of ERS enviro champsActive
farmers have grown potatoes, rape, cabbage, maize
and sugar beansand have sold both locally and to
hawkers in Matatiele.The group now has 10 new
members.
Figure 9: Betty Maimela facilitating the reivew nad
planning session in Nchodu.
To date farmers have implmeneted hte following
practices; trench beds, tunnels, drip irrigation,tower
gardens, mixed cropping,
The group has undertaken one monthly market in Matatiele and is keend to continue with this
process. There is also a large interest in livestock; pigs, sheep and cattle – both around management
and sale.
The CRA learning group in Rhashule village has been operationalsince 2021, working with Mazwi
Dlamini, primarily on poultry and CA.They have also implemented trench beds, tunnels, natural pest
Project no 2116ZA311
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and disease control, tower gardens, drip irrigation, liquid manure and rainwater harvesting. The
learning group is also working with SaveAct, who is helping them with starting their own business
from Village savings and from the income they are making through selling of their garden produce.
They are interested in including more tunnels in their gardens.
Challenges include severe water shortages in the upper section of Rashule, Finding good seed
potatoes, pest problems and marketing.
The table below outlines practices and learning sessions the 5 Matatiele villages have prioritized.
Table 7: Prioritized activites for Matatiele CRA learning groups:2023
Mzongwana
Ned
Nchodu
Rhashule
Nkau
Pests and disease
control
Pests and disease
control
Pests and disease
control
Pests and disease
control brews
Soil and water
conservation
Soil and water
conservation
Soil and water conservation
Soil and water
conservation
Seed saving and
storage
Seed saving and
storage
Seed saving and
storage
Seed saving and storage
Seed saving and
storage
Poultry workshop
on broilers, layers,
indigenous
chickens and their
health
management
Poultry workshop
on broiler, layers,
indigenous
chickens and their
health
management
Poultry workshop on
broilers, layers,
indigenous chickens
and their health
management
Poultry workshop on
broilers, layers, indigenous
chickens and their health
management
Crop calendar
Crop calendar
Crop calendar
Crop calendar
Value adding
Value adding of produce
Mixed cropping
Mixed cropping
Conservation
Agriculture
Conservation
Agriculture
Liquid manures
Liquid manures
Fruit production- apples,
lemons, grapes and
peaches
Underground
rainwater harvest
tanks
Marketing to sell both
produce and livestock
Tower garden
Starting businesses of
making liquidsoaps and
candles
More tunnels
Water access
Water access
Water access
Livestock
management
Livestock
management
Livestock
management
Livestock management
Livestock management
1.2.2$CCA$training:$learning$and$demonstrations$
Trainings have been undertaken in most villages including the following topics: Natural pest and disease
control, dripirrigation, constructing and packing trench beds, mixed cropping, construction of tunnels, poultry
management,soil fertility management and soil and water conservation
For each training session a learning outline is developed, handouts have been produced in isiZulu, isiXhosa, and
Sepedifor distribution and reports are produced with photos and attendance registers.
Below isa selection of photographs from training undertaken between January and March 2023
Project no 2116ZA311
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Figure 10: Above Left: trianing in natural pet nad diease control in Nchodu (March’23). Gorup is making an
neriched foliarspray brew which includes bonemeal, lime, manure, weeds, milk, and sugar. Above right: The
intern Smphumelelo Mbhele is undertaking a trianing in installation nad managmenet of drip irrigation in the
utnnels in Plainhill, SKZN (Feb’23)
.
Figure 11: Above Left: Mahhahle particpants iwth tower garden materials to implment at hteir homesteads
after the trianing session (Feb’23). Above Right: Intern Ngobile Mbokazi takes participants in eMahlathini in
Bergville through the soil texture analysis exrcise as part of a soil fertility management training.
Project no 2116ZA311
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Figure 12Above Left and Right: Small groups of participants in eMadakaenin in Bergville d an assessment of
water flow, runoff, wind direction and sun in thier yards, to plan for runoff managment and planting as part
of their soiland water conservation trianing (March’23)
Tala table youth network value adding training (15-16 March 2023)
A youth group consisting of 2 youths per vialgle in 6 viallges are receving ongoing trianing nad mentoring in
entrepreneurship and small bsuniess development linked to the CRA learning groups in their villages in the
mametaj-sekororo region of Limpopo. This is a 2 year process undertaken jointly by AWARD and MDF, and
funded by DKA (German chruch funder).
Th session in March oncsisted of reviewing the market tables already set up and undertakne by the group and a
one day trianing nad dmeosntraiton sesison in value adding. Here the group was divded into two and each
spent time preapring cetraing value added products consisting of sweet chilli sauce, pesto, vegetalbe atjar, wild
melon jam, lemon maramlade and sweet potato bites. Thereafter the youth were provided with small seed
budgets to produce nad sell a vlaue added product at hteir tala talbes (green tables) in their villages.
Figure 13: The youth busy reviewing thier marketing activities to date
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Figure 14: Above: Youth group busy bottling thier lemon marmalade and
Right: Making atjar and chilli sauce.
1.2.4$Economic$empowerment$and$income$diversification$
Fruit tree focus in Mametja-Sekororo – Limpopo (Feb-March 2023)
Fruit production is an important component of a diversified cropping and marketing strategy in Limpopo and
adds nutrition and environmental benefits for the participants.
An initiative to supply the members of the CRA learning groups with new, grafted varieties of mango, to allow
them so sell into the retail market and packhouses in the Hoedspruit area was started in 2021. Every season
farmers collect monies to buy trees, sourced mainly from the Bavaria Estate Nursery outside Hoedspruit and
mentoring and learning sessions are held in the villages in mango production and orchard management.
About 300 mango trees 9varieites;Kiet, Tommy and Kent)were sourced and distributed to the local farmers in
the following villages:
Figure 15: Mango trees being collected fomr bavaria for distribution in
the villages.
Transport was provided to ferry the trees to the villagers from the main
supplier. The other types of trees requested(Naartjies, soft peal mandarins, avocados and lichis)are in the
process of being sourced and quotations on pricing will be outlined to the farmers from nurseries in and
aroundHoedspruit with the assistance of the MDF and AWARD.
Villages
Number of trees supplied
Willows
170
Sedawa
40
Madeira
89
Santeng
30
Worcester
24
Turkey
06 for now. More will be sourced in Tzaneen as the
Bavaria tree sale is finished.
Project no 2116ZA311
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Local marketing: Monthly market stalls
In the Bergville region of KZN, where 5 villages club together to do a monthly market stall in Bergville town,
very little has happened – as during summer, the farmers focus on their field crop production. This is due in
part to tradition and habit and in part due to the lack of irrigation options in the area. Market re-initiation is
likely to be around May 2023.
In SKZN, the Centocow group has hosted a local market in Creighton every month since December 2022.
Unfortunately due to the load shedding difficulties 9which saw the ATMs in this small town out of action for a
number of weeks) and SASSA’s
moving of their grant pay out
points, the Creighton site is no
longer seen as an ideal option. The
teams are in the process of getting
permissions form the council in
Umzimkhulu to host the market
there. It is about 50kms further than
Creighton, but a much busier
center.
Figure 16: Centocow monthly
market at the Sinawe Serivce
station in Chreighton (2 March
2023), with contributions from 3
farmers in Centocow and 4 farmers
form Ngongonini.
The table below summarizes the produce nd slaes for the day. The day was unfortunately slow due to the ATMs
being down. In February, a similar situation prevailed nad the gorup made R928. Thus the decision to move the
stall to a different town centre.
Farmer
Produce
Price per unit
Value of
produce (R)
Total no
sold
Total sales (R)
Zanele Kheswa
Chillies (2 packs)
R5
R10
2
R10
Spinach (5 bunches)
R10
R50
5
R50
Avocado tree (2 trees)
R50
R100
0
0
Paulous Nxumalo
Chillies (4 packs)
R5
R20
4
R20
Spinach (6 bunches)
R10
R60
2
R20
Cabbages (6 heads)
R10
R60
6
R60
Brinjal (5)
R5
R25
1
R5
Ntombizodwa Ndaba
Butternut (10)
R10 -R12
R118
2
R22
Pumpkin (1)
R40
R40
1
R40
Thobeka Zulu
10 kg Potatoes (9 bags)
R55
R495
8
R440
Adrian Williams
Pork Slices
R30, R40, R45. R50
4
R155
Beetroot Juice (13)
R23
R299
0
0
Flora Phungula
Beadwork
R75, R100, R140,
R180, R200
0
0
Grass mats (6)
R50, R100
R350
0
0
TOTAL
R822
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The Ozwathini marketing
initiativein the Midlands is the
most well developed lmonthly
marketing stalls and farmers have
taken over the running and
management of these stalls.There
was however a gradual decline in
participation, punctuality and
presentation, which alongside the
slow decline in the economy more
broadly has seen declining sales
for this market.
Figure 17: Pictures of market days
in Ozwathini – Jan-March 2023.
Note hte new gazaebo at hte
bottom centre, bought by the
farmers themselves as well as the
professional packaging nad
presnetation undertaken by this
group.
The market was launched at the
backdrop of declining sales to
bakkie traders and for some time
provided a glimmer of hope. In the
first six months of operation the
overall income ranged from R
5000-R8000 per day, as the
market only ran for one day during
that period. Subsequent to the
July unrest in 2021, the market saw a sharp decline in sales, regardless of farmers increasing their market days
from one to three days. In the year 2022, average monthly income ranged from R 2500 to R 4000 over a three-
dayperiod. Towards the end of 2022, sales declined even further, with farmers taking home a combined total
of R 1185.00 in December, R 675.00 in January, R700 in February and R910 in March. All of these markets ran
over two to three days. The number of farmers who sold at the market also declined to an average of 3 to 4
farmers at each market.Around 10 farmers are still involved.
One positive outcome of this process is that a handful of farmers showed great commitment to the market and
worked seamlessly together in ensuring that it ran smoothly. However, with the reduction in external orders
from social media marketing (due to time constraints fomr the Mahlathini team side), the income generated
was affected, which meant farmers made up to 50% less in income than they did when there was still a high
number of external orders.
A discussion was carried out with farmers on the status of the market and what could change to improve how it
is run. During the meeting it came to light that farmers do find value in the market as it serves as a platform to
sell their fresh produce and get paid in cash as no credit is given at the market. Secondly, the income generated
from sales goes towards their monthly savings. They have strengthened their relationships in that they have
established a strong bond of trust and working relationship. However, despite the benefits, farmers experience
challenges which prevent them from making full use of this platform. Some of the challenges include very low
Project no 2116ZA311
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income generated from the market and damage of produce by adverse weather positions. The Table below
gives a summary of highlights, challenges and proposed solutions.
In Matatiele, Ncodu and Ned villages clubbed together to run a local market day in Matatiele town, with
permission from the Local Municipality
Figure 18; The Matatiele market day, (27 Jan 2023)
TheNedlearning group has a WhatsApp group with
all the members in the group using smartphones to
make it easier to communicate. The name of the
group is called Thusanang project with 18of the 45
members of the learning group, including Betty and
Mazwi. Farmers had their meeting before the market
to discuss prices and availability and then let
Mahlathini know where to pick up the collected
produce.
This was the first market which had a few teething problems. A total of R584 was made for the day. The biggest
concern was that they started quite late. Most of the participants have other avenues for slae including farm
gate sales, which work quite well and local hawkers in Matatiele who buy from them. They were however
heartened by this initial market stall and are keen to continue and improve.
Village Savings and Loan Associations
For these groups monthly savings and loan meetings are held for all the groups being supported. Each group
committee and bookkeeper are responsible for keeping the records of the groups. Facilitation support is
provided for most months for each group by the Mahlathini team. This is very intensive in terms of time and
effort, but is required to build a transparent and accountable habit when working with monies at a local level.
The table below summarizes the transactions for all VSLA groups in Limpopo and KZN being support. In the EC –
Matatiele region the savings groups are managed by SaveAct
MARKET DAY FEEDBACK FROM FARMERS
Ozwathini market review March 2023
Highlights
Challenges
Possible Solutions/Ideas
Selling fresh produce and up-front
payments
Selling from home makes some
members lazy to go to the market
Increase the scale of planting and practice
staggered planting
Money earned from the market is
used for savings
Sometimes sales are low and income
is insufficient
Every month collect a list of available
products on the 20thto start advertising
early. Start the market earlier (08h00)
Rotting of produce minimized by
the monthly market
Produce damaged by too much
sunlight and rain in the fields
Produce is sometimes not enough
due to crop damage and absenteeism
Plant more produce in tunnels
Practice staggered planting
Strengthened relationships
Communication is sometimes lacking
Draw up a constitution to govern the
operation of the market
Learning about one another’s
strengths and weaknesses
Only one person other than MDF
team is responsible for transporting
equipment and making sure produce
is safely kept
Unity in that members sell on
behalf of those who are absent
Theft of left over produce
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Table 8: Summary of VSLA transactions as of March 2023
Area
No
.
Village
Group Name
NO. OF
PEOPL
E
CUM #
OF
SHARE
S
VALUE OF
TOTAL
SHARES
LOAN
REPAID
TODAY
NEW LOAN
TAKEN
NEW
BALANCE
Bergville
1
Ezibomvini
Ezibomvini
19
75
R7 500,00
R410,00
R3 900,00
R8 320,00
2
Ezibomvini
Ukuzama
13
42
R4 200,00
R0,00
R4 200,00
R4 200,00
3
Emazimbeni
Nyonyana
23
181
R18 100,00
R1 520,00
R5 900,00
R19 650,00
4
Emabunzini
Isibonelo
19
113
R11 300,00
R0,00
R6 400,00
R11 300,00
5
Eqeleni
Masibambane
20
0
R0,00
R1 440,00
R5 600,00
R1 480,00
6
Eqeleni
Masithuthuke
19
0
R0,00
R3 350,00
R10 100,00
R3 615,00
7
Stulwane
Mbalenhle
20
110
R11 000,00
R410,00
R1 500,00
R13 930,00
8
Ndunwane
Mphelandaba
15
29
R2 900,00
R0,00
R2 900,00
R2 900,00
9
Emabunzini
Sakhokuhle
19
719
R71 900,00
R13 830,00
R0,00
R106 360,00
10
Vimbukhalo
Ukhamba
20
151
R15 100,00
R860,00
R7 500,00
R16 020,00
11
Stulwane
Vukuzenzele
17
124
R12 400,00
R740,00
R6 400,00
R14 030,00
12
Stulwane
Umtwana 2
16
83
R8 300,00
R400,00
R4 700,00
R8 700,00
13
Stulwane
Umtwana 1
16
104
R10 400,00
R100,00
R5 300,00
R10 800,00
14
Emadakeneni
Azam
14
66
R6 600,00
R1 280,00
R3 100,00
R7 960,00
15
Stulwane
Ithembalethu
19
104
R10 400,00
R590,00
R5 000,00
R11 080,00
16
Stulwane
Zebra
14
103
R10 300,00
R490,00
R6 200,00
R12 820,00
17
Emahlathini
Senzakahle
36
567
R56 700,00
R11 110,00
R0,00
R113 710,00
18
Stulwane
Sondelani
14
135
R13 500,00
R750,00
R5 100,00
R14 300,00
19
Stulwane
Mzizi
18
200
R20 000,00
R0,00
R5 300,00
R20 000,00
20
Emahlathini
Masiphumulele
10
276
R27 600,00
R4 900,00
R0,00
R49 700,00
21
Stulwane
Thuthukani
19
81
R8 100,00
R500,00
R2 500,00
R9 800,00
22
Stulwane
Inkanyezi
19
44
R4 400,00
R0,00
R3 600,00
R5 200,00
SKZN
23
Centocow
Sizaneno
13
149
R29 800,00
R6 930,00
R0,00
R64 936,00
24
Mahhehle
Qedindlala
24
117
R11 700,00
R2 850,00
R11 050,00
R18 050,00
25
madzikane
senzokuhle
16
700
R70 000,00
R2 550,00
R0,00
R126 815,00
26
madzikane
sukuma sakhe
8
89
R17 800,00
R0,00
R0,00
R25 505,00
27
madzikane
masibambane
15
517
R103 400,00
R65 220,00
R0,00
R168 620,00
28
ngongonini
umnothowethu
30
152
R15 200,00
R380,00
R9 800,00
R18 960,00
Midlands
29
ozwathini
sikhulile
19
561
R56 100,00
R12 860,00
R7 500,00
R91 743,00
30
ozwathini
siyakhaya
13
519
R51 900,00
R20 163,00
R0,00
R72 063,00
Limpopo
31
Worcester
Rutanang
18
106
R10 600
R3770
R14 650
R14 370
32
Santeng
Rekakgona
19
222
R22 200
R12 110
R 28 100
R34 310
33
The Willows
Epopong
19
41
R4 100
R -
R4 100
R4 100
34
Turkey
Refentse
19
271
R27 100
R 30 141
R 44 000
R57 241
35
Turkey
Tswelapele
19
476
R47 600
R 41 064
R 62 700
R88 664
36
Maderia
Hlalefangng 1
19
642
R64 200
R 88 390
R 130 600
R152 590
37
Madeira
Thusanang
17
115
R11 500
R -
R 9 000
R11 500
38
Sedawa
Kopano Ke maatla
19
151
R15 100
R 4 350
R 18 000
R19 450
TOTALS
686
8135
R889 000,00
R333 457,90
R434 700,00
R1 434 791,90
As shown in the totals there are presently 686 participants in VSLA groups with a total savings of R1 ,435
million. This equates to a financial contribution to savings for each participant of around R2100 annually and is
around 10% of the average income per participant. These provide important safety nets, consumption
smoothing options and cash flow for micro enterprises and farming activities.
A Microfinance handbook for smallholder farmers in South Africa has been produced with support from the
Water Research commission. Authored by Nqe Dlamini and Erna Kruger, it is an important contribution to the
Project no 2116ZA311
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field of microfinance service provision for the unbanked rural poor in South Africa. A copy it attached to this
report.
Below are a few photographs of VSLA meeting undertaking between January and March 2023
Figure 19: Above Left; Sizaneno VSLA in Centocow during a monthly meeting (Feb 2023). Above right; the
Ratanang VSLA in Worcester (Limpopo) doing theirannual share out 9Jan 20230)
1.2.5$Innovation$platforms$and$multi$stakeholder$engagement$
Bergville Regenerative Agriculture farmers day – 23 Feb2023
This event was implemented in partnership with Asset Research (Stellenbosch University) with funding support
fromThe Maize Trust, AGT Foods, the uThukela development Agency and the WWF.
Stakeholder represented were the Agricultural research Council, Climate Unit, the KZN Department of
Agriculture, the Okhahlamba Local Municipality, the local Nkosi, KZN Wildlife, the Wild trust, the Farmer
Support Group, the KwaZulu Natal Agricultural Union, Pannar Seeds, UKZN and UFS.
Around 240 smallholder farmers gathers in the Emmaus Hall in Bergville to kick off the event with
presentations, before attending three field site visits. A cross visits form 11 farmers from the Midlands CRA
learning groups was also included in this day.
Project no 2116ZA311
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Figure 20: Above: The packed communtiy hall for the CA ofarmers‘ open day event in Emmaus, Bergville and
A field site visit to Dlezakhe Hlongwane in Stulwane to interact with the CA trials he has undertaken. Here
visitors are viewing his livestock ofdder porduction plots- Lespedeza, short seaosn yellow meaize nad a
perennial grass(tall Fescue).
Multistakeholder forums
Mahlathini is involved in a number of regional, provincial and national forums, networks and processes.
Activities are summarized in the table below.
Table 9: Summary of multistakeholder engagement: October- March 2023
Organisation
Activity - Description
Dates
uThukela
Development
Agency
Fresh produce marketing, 1stweek of every month
Oct2022-March
2023
Asset Research-
Maize Trust, SODI
Regenerative Agriculture farmers’ open day in Bergville
23rdFeb 2023
SAPPI
Meeting with Vimbukhalo community representatives
13thOctober 2022
Project no 2116ZA311
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1.2.6$Indicator$development,$Monitoring$and$evaluation.$
To date, informal moniotring has taken place. In addtion the monotiring forms have been developed for
individaul garden moniotring, poultry moniotring and field cropping moniotring. Field teams are in the process
of intervwiing participants. This process is spread over a few months as these interviews are undertaken while
doing other work in the commuitieis. Appendix 1 provides outlines of the moniotring forms to be used.
1.2.7$Sustainable$water$management$
There are three funcional viallge level water committees in Bergillve – Vimbukhalo, Ezibomvini and Stulwane.
Presently funding nad implmentation support is provided with small budgets provided by the WWF and the
Water Research commission (Ecosystem services research in association with UKZN-CWRR).
2ndMeeting with SAPPI re spring protection support
24thFeb 2023
ESS research - WRC
UKZN research in ecosystem services mapping supported by
MDF: water walks, focus group discussions, planning,eco-
champs, spring protection work in Stulwane, thematic and
mapping workshops in Ezibomvini and Stulwane
23rdSeptember 2022
14thOctober 2022
13,29,30 March
2023
WWF Water source
forum
uThukela catchment partnership: Stakeholder meetings, online
and in person at OLM board room Bergville
29thSeptember 2022
10thNovember 2022
SANBI- Living
Catchment
Programme
Social facilitationcapacity buildingworkshop – Western Cape;
M Malinga
Olifants’ water indaba:M Malinga, N Mbokazi, H Hlongwane, B
Maimela and E Kruger
Video on local initiatives in catchment management
3rd-5thOctober 2022
30thOct-2ndNov
2022
24thMarch 2023
SANBI
Climate change adaptation and gender mainstreaming
dialogue – presentation and participation
8th-9thMarch 2023
UKZN and
Adaptation
Network
Ukulinga Howard Davis memorial symposium: Presentation on
CbCCA in Bergville: E Kruger T Mathebula, N Sibiya
12thOctober 2022
Adaptation
Network
Policy input and AGM
Ongoing input and involvement in the Capacity development
working group: to implement thenew Civil Society
Organisation Skills Enhancement and Excellence Development
(CSO SEED) project, funded by the Flanders government.Some
of these activities include youth-led participatory videos on
adaptation initiatives and some thematic field visits and
exchanges between AN CSO member projects.
13thOctober 2022
1stDecember 2022
7th, 8thFeb 2023
15thMarch 2023
PGS-SA
Quarterly meeting:Discuss mapping of PGS organisations,
finalisation of certificateand use of seals and logos. Finalisation
of smallholder farm assessment form
PGS-Certification working group
17thNov 2022
13thFeb 2023
Agroecology
network
Online meeting and policy involvement for reviewing of the
National department of Agriculture’s climate change
adaptation master plan (CCAMP). Letter to the minister
compiled and endorsed. Led by Mr Stephen Greenberg,
arranged by the African Centre for Biodiversity
18thNovember 2022
Okhahlamba LM
Agriculture and Land summit:MDF presentation and marketing
stall: All Bergville staff, farmers representatives and eco champs
30thNovember 2022
Afromontane
research Centre
Maloti-Drakensberg Climate Change Workshop
Wageningen/UFS: Land futures course - Bgvl
12-14 December
2022
7-10thMarch 2023
IWMI
Transformative futures for water security dialogue,
participation
26th-27th Jan 2023
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The table below summarizes work done with the Sulwane and Ezibomvini learning gorups in developing a
participatory mapping of the resoruces and resource management plans to be undertakne by the communtieis
nad their partners.
Table 10: Local resrouce management plans for Ezibomvini and Sutlwane communities Bergville, KZn. March
2023(MDF-UKZN_CWRR)
Local resource management areas for improved eco system services- Community defined
Key Area
Management required
Notes
Grazing areas
(Amadlelo)
-Livestock feed
and water,
firewood,
medicinal plants,
Restoration and management.
-Clear Lantana and use poison after cutting to stop
regrowth
-Rotational grazing
-Control wildfires and make firebreaks. Storage drums
for emergencies with fire one can use
-Explore financial benefit – grant/incentive mechanisms
-Monitor and manage nutrition of veld (erosion control,
overgrazing control, removal of poisonous weeds, re-
seed of palatable species)
-Awareness raising in the community and for livestock
owners.
-Eco-champs to do clearing
-Dip tank committees and livestock
associations
-Better community collaboration with dip
tank committee as well as TA and
councillors
-Community workdays
Wetlands
(Amacaphuza),
-Reeds (incema)
-Food and water
for cattle, also in
winter
-Medicinal plants
-Fire retardant
-Runoff and flood
water
management
-Improved water
quality
-Fertile soils with
earthworms
Small management changes to manage condition of
wetlands.
-Fencing to ensure good condition and make drinking
troughs for livestock
-Awareness raising on wetlands functions and services
-Replanting important species into wetlands; then
someone needs to police this and ensure people don’t
just harvest everything
-Protection and restoration of important medicinal
species for sale: Stop people with big bags who come in
and take for selling
-Avoid pigs coming in as they mess things up
-Avoid fires and burning
-Livestock inclusion managed e.g. –allow them in at
certain times only. Or maybe make camps and move
them. Or allow them to graze on the edges. Or cut and
carry feed.
-TA involvement and ‘landowners’ in
wetland areas to outline rules and
responsibilities
-Community as a whole to follow these
-Local water and land use committees to
undertake specific actions related to water
access and management
-Issues around rights around use of water
and important medicinal plants need
further interventions
-Suggestion: talk to livestock association
then bring their comments and suggestions
to the water committee to continue the
conversation and include all
Erosion control
-To ensure
availability and
quality of water
and soil resources
Restoration
-Awareness raising and outline of responsible actions
to enforce
-Avoid expanding of minor erosion into dongas.
-Prevent siltation and pollution.
-Allow re-vegetation, naturally or through re-seeding
-Prevent run-off
-Check dams, brush packs, stone packs,
-Prevent livestock from causing further damage
-Control wildfire- make fire breaks
Storage drums for emergencies with fire one can use
-TA and livestock committees to undertake
some actions
-Eco champs to assists
-Some actions and contributions from
community as a whole (e.g. loan of tractors,
small financial contributions
-External support
-Continued support from UKZN and MDF in
mapping, planning, proposal development,
community structures and management
Alien trees
-Eucalyptus,
poplar, and
wattle
plantations, and
patches
Small changes
-Promote better management by ‘owners’
-Cut down and poison lantana and encroaching poplars
-Ensure management of wattle patches
-Remove trees from water sources and streams in all
cases
-TA, Nkosi and ‘owners” encouraged to
undertake management activities as trees
are useful in the community and cannot just
be cleared.
Springs and
streams
-Water provision
for drinking,
laundry,
irrigation,
construction and
Protection, restoration, and management – must
protect the water sources to ensure supply.
- Should protect water so that livestock don’t disturb
the sources
-Protect the springs; with fencing and the ditches
above to avoid water from flowing in overland and
contaminating these springs.
-TA, local municipality, water committees
and localised groups of people using
specific water sources to work together on
access and management plans and
implementation
-Community must come together and make
rules and regulations re hygiene and water
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livestock
-Water quality
and quantity -
Issues are floods,
livestock
trampling,
children use as
toilet, litter
-Check water quality.
-Remove eutrophication.
-Check springs regularly.
-Drinking spots for livestock
-Community awareness and education – and for
children
-Maintain the water infrastructure that is there.
-Avoid doing laundry in the water sources and keeping
them clean, no pampers, no urination, no use as toilet,
no dumping of dead animals.
-Protect springs with pipes to be able to irrigate the
gardens (reticulation to taps)
-Also use grey water for irrigation.
- water harvesting and use.
-Make sure children don’t play around the water
sources… or pollute them
WATER ACCESS
-Big issue
-Those that are involved should talk to
others and ensure they also learn - involve
the TA councillors and Nkosi….
-Asking Mahlathini to help with fencing and
funding for water access
-Day to day activities of cleaning springs,
digging furrows to reduce contamination to
be done by locals
-Dig refuse pits for disposal of waste – in
each locality
-Awareness raising and communications
-Involve schools
-Eco champs to assist with spring protection
and management and schools’
interventions
Assessment$of$progress$$
The project is on track and no major deviations in the project planning and implementation is envisaged.
Other$comments$
The programme is multi-faceted and complex. To streamline activities, a seasonal approach has been instituted
– allowing for a focus on field cropping in summer, poultry production in autumn and spring and vegetable
production from autumn through spring.
The initiation of the livestock management activities requires working with a slightly different target group, as
the membership of the CRA learning groups is heavily skewed towards women. It would need to include the
traditional authorities, dip tank committees and livestock associations in the selected villages. In addition,
grazing management requires a community level focus on resource conservation and management which is
often difficult to initiate and achieve.There is generally a high level of conflict in the communities related to
livestock.Thus the focus will be on a selection of villages where inroads have been made and where a
partnership with Conservation South Africa and Meat Naturally is also possible. These are 3 villagesin
Mametja-Sekororo (Limpopo) and 3 villages in the Bergville region of KZN. In Matatiele,the villagesneed to be
included into the existing Meat Naturally local auctions process in partnership with ERS. Work on these
initiatives is to commence this winter (June-July 2023).
A similar complexity plays out for the initiation of the water committees and water access activities as these
require full community involvement and positive support form the local governance structures such as the
Traditional Authorities, Local Municipalities and Water Service Authorities. Here the mandate for water
provision sits with the District Municipalities and the water service authorities and activities cannot be
undertaken without their involvement. It is easier to initiate these activities in regions where there is already a
multistakeholder focus on the water management issues in the region, which is part of the reason the strategic
water source area communities have been prioritized for this programme. Definite and positive progress is
being made in the Bergville region of KZN, with the support and back stopping from organizations linked to the
fledgling uThukela catchment management partnership. IN Limpopo a process known as the mountain streams
initiative, being developed under the auspices of the district development model and the Water Research
Commission is showing promise in providing a favourable institutional setting for this work. In Matatiele (EC)
and ongoing relationship with the Umzimvubu catchment forum and ERS is proving useful.
Project no 2116ZA311
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Date: 7 April 2023
Project no 2116ZA311
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APPENDIX$1:$
GARDEN$MONITORING$AND$INDIVIDUAL$EXPERIMENTATION$PLAN$
NAME AND SURNAME:
VILLAGE
DATE:
FIVE FINGERS
Detailed description of what is there- list
practices
Water management:
a)Infiltration/ run off , crusting
b)Organic matter in and on the soil
c)Greywater use and management (e.g.,
filtered, ash, dedicated structures – tower
garden/sack garden)
d)Water harvesting and storage (e.g.,check
dams, gabions, drums, basins, small dams, Jo-Jos)
e)Mulching
f)Drip irrigation
g)Water source and quality(e.g.,spring,
borehole, municipal tap,bought….)
h)Other……………………
Microclimate control:
a)Micro tunnels
b)Shade netting
c)Windbreaks, trees, shelter belts, fruit
trellises,…
d)Other………..
Control of soil movement:
e)Contours, diversion ditches, swales, bunds,
f)stone lines,
g)Bed orientation/layouts
h)furrows (function)
i)Other..…………..
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Soil health:
j)Bed design ( e.g., trench beds, ridges, dedicated
beds and paths,terraces,sunken/raised beds,
banana basins, eco circles..)
k)Compost, improved manure, green
manures, legumes,
l)Composted manure (kraal manure and dry
grass a layer of each and cover)
m)Use and sources of manure
Improved crop management:
n)Mixed cropping
o)Crop rotation
p)Seed saving
q)Nursery/ propagation
r)Continuity- seedling production
s)Natural pest and disease control practices
t)Other……………………..
Field cropping
a)Minimum tillage;
b)Soil cover;
c)Crop diversification; intercropping,
rotation, cover crops…)
d)Close spacing
List of crops in garden and field
a)Garden
b)Field
Fruit production
a)List of fruit types and number of each
b)Management practices e.g. basins,
mulching, composting, pruning
c)Pest and disease control e.g. (picking off
rotten fruits of the ground, other)
Looking after livestock
a)Poultry (indigenous, broilers, layers) and
number of each;
a.Feeding and management
(housing conditions and hygiene)
b.Supplier
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b)Livestock (goats, cattle, pigs) and numbers
a.Feeding and management
(housing and hygiene)
b.Supplier
c.Foddersupplementation/
production
Looking after indigenous plants:
a)Indigenous plants and trees (medicinal, fruit,
pest control etc.)
b)Indigenous fruit (names and numbers)
c)Biodiversity for garden management (e.g.
planting pest repellent plants)
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POULTRY$PRODUCTION$MONITORING$FORM$
Baseline information
Area: ___________________________BP/FO Name: ______________________________
VSLAName
Date of VSLA
Creation
No. of members
Date of Data
Collection
Learning group
membership
(yes/no)
CRAhemes e.g.
poultry, potatoes,
maize, vegetables,
sheep, pigs
1
Name:
Surname:
Phone no.:
Age:
Sex
F=01
M=02
A1
When did you become a member of this VSLA? [Record the year]
B1
How many VSLAs are you member of? [If more than one, record
below the name of each group and the year the member joined]
Name of otherVSLA
Year
a
b
c
d
C1
Does your household receive social grants? [Circle the answer]
Yes=01
No=02
Please indicate the type of grant:[ circle the answer]
Child
Pension
Please indicate the no of grants [write 1,2..under the grant name]
Please indicate your average monthly income (using a tick)
R0-R1000
R1000-R2000
R3000-R4000
R4000-R5000
R5000-R6000
Above R6 000
D1
What is the main source of
income of this HH? [Circle
only one option]
Employment
(FT/PT/Casual)
01
Own enterprise activity
04
Social Grants
02
Remittances from family
members
05
Other (please specify)
03
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General information
This information is gathered for each poultry participant only once.
1.Please indicate the type of poultry enterprise:
a.Broilers- meat
b.Layers – eggs
c.Multipurpose – (traditional)
2.Please indicate the type of feed you use:
a.Broiler starter Broiler finisher
b.Layer mash
c.Maize crush
d.Other; specify.......................................................................
3.Please indicate where and how you source your feed.
a.Are you in a bulk buying group y/n? .................................................................
Name of supplier (e.g.Boxer in Matatiele, TWK in Cedarville or Local informal in village, bulk through
SaveActect...)
............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................
4.Size of feed bags, or amount in Kgs (e.g. 2 x 50kgetc) AND PRICE
..............................................................................................................................
5.Transport arrangements (e.g. TAXI @R50/bagetc)
..............................................................................................................................
6.Please describe how much feed you provide ( grams per day per bird... or an estimation of that and
also mixes of rations and crush...)
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................
7.What biosecurity measures do you have in place? (Hand sanitizers, foot baths etc, )
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
8.What disinfection procedures do you use after each batch of chickens? (please describe and name the
product used as well as waiting period)
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
9.Do you keep records? If so, how?
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
10.Where do you source drinking water for the birds? (If rainwater is used, consider chlorine drops)
.........................................................................................................................................................
11.How do you dispose of the dead birds?
.........................................................................................................................................................
12.Challengesexperienced with the flock or enterprise?
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
13.What have you learnt (New ideas, additional ideas/concepts)through your involvement?
.....................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
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14.Has this new information or these processes helped you? Has it encouraged you to do some things?
What? Are you doing anything differently?
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
15.How? What has changed or improved?
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................
16.Issues/ constraints/difficulties you would like to have covered which have not been.....
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................
General comments about the poultry enterprise (by facilitator) and also any advice /assistance/
encouragement/ homework you gave them)):
Record$keeping$for$broilers$$$Date:&from................&to.....................&
Area:................................................. Village:.............................................................
Name and Surname: ...................................................................................................
Date of purchase: ...............................
Number of birds: ...............................................
Equipment bought for this round (Item and price): ..................................................................
Brooding:
-Gas/electricity; Date of purchase........................... Amount in Rands:..........................
- Date of start of brooding...................... Date of end of brooding................................
Vaccination and medication:
- Name of vaccination/medication ....................................................
- Date of application ........................................................................
- No of birds treated........................................................................
- Price in Rands...............................................................................
Mortality: Birds/day, birds/week or total number for present batch:........................................
What do you use for floor shavings and how deep is it (in cm)? (Sawdust / dry manure)
....................................................................................................................................................
Do you have a lighting program? Yes/No. Please describe ........................................................
Feed bought; type(starter, finisher, post finisher, maize crush), amount and price
...................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
Stock left over at the end of batch cycle? (e.g. 20kg starter..vaccines for 100birds...)
...................................................................................................................................................
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Sales
How do you market your broilers?:(e.g. live to neighbours, or pension points ,or slaughtered as chicken pieces
etc....).........................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
What is your price per bird? ...........................................................
No of birds sold for this batch, or per week (if per week for how many weeks do you sell for each batch)
...................................................................................................................................................
No of birds consumed or bartered in this cycle or per week .....................................................
Record$keeping$for$Layers&
Period:&from................&to.....................&
Area:................................................. Village:.............................................................
Name and Surname: ...................................................................................................
Number of laying hens: ..............................................................
Equipment bought for this round (Item and price): ..................................................................
Vaccination and medication:
- Name of vaccination/medication ....................................................
- Date of application ........................................................................
- No of birds treated........................................................................
- Price in Rands...............................................................................
Mortality: Birds/day, birds/week or total number for present batch:........................................
What do you use for floor shavings and how deep is it (in cm)? (Sawdust / dry manure)
....................................................................................................................................................
Feed bought; type(layers pellets, layers mash, maize crush, other), amount and price
...................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
Stock left over at the end of batch cycle? (e.g. 20kg layers mash.. vaccines for 100birds...)
...................................................................................................................................................
Sales
How do you market your eggs?: (e.g. to neighbours, or pension points etc....)
...................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
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What is your price per egg? .........................................Per tray of 6/12/30 eggs..................
No of eggs sold for this batch, or per week (if per week for how many weeks do you sell for)
...................................................................................................................................................
No of eggs consumed or bartered in this cycle or per week .....................................................
Record$keeping$for$indigenous$chickens&
Period:&from................&to.....................&
Area:................................................. Village:.............................................................
Name and Surname: ...................................................................................................
Number of birds in flock: ........................................No of hens/rooster(Ratio) ......................
What is your price per bird?......................................................................................................
Did you sell any birds in this period? How many?......................................................................
How many birds were slaughtered for home consumption in this period? ...............................
How many eggs were consumed in this period? ......................................................................
What costs have you incurred? (e.g. feed, vaccines, housing etc) in this period?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................
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Conservation Agriculture planting monitoring form 2022/23
Personal information
Name:
Age:
No. of years under CA:
No. of people in the homestead:
No. of children in the homestead:
Employment status:
Grants:
Type of grant (s) Child Support Old Age Foster care (fill in no of grants in
blocks)
Monthly income estimate:
Other farming activities:
Savings group/bulk buying group: Yes/No
Savings for inputs: Yes/No
Name of the savings group:
Years of involvement in saving group:
Learning group: Yes/No
Joint activity group: Yes/No
Location: Geography
Area:
Village name:
GPS coordinates:
Exact size of plot:trial ……………………………………..and control………………………………………………
Soils(Compare with control)
CONTROL
TRIAL
Soil colour (light, ave, dark) – for the soil type in the
area
Soil structure (aggregates) – 0,1,2 (from VSA)
Porosity (Organic matter)- 0,1,2 (from VSA)
Runoff- 0,1,2 from VSA
Crust -yes/no
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Soil colour:Look at lightness- darkness
of soil depending on soil type – look for
organic matter.
Soil structure: Look for size and density
of clods- and whether there are nice
porous aggregates or not
Soil porosity:Again look for dense
clods, more broken up or very
friable, crumbly, with organic
matter
Run-off:
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A field with good ground cover
(residues)nod cover form the
growing crops (living) shows no signs
of water erosion or run-off after rain
VS=2
Mild run-off visible in a field Rill are
visible where the water has run and
germination has been affected
VS = 1
More severe run –off– debris is
moved, soil is visibly washed away
and very visible rills and small
ditches and steps formed in the field
VS=0
Description of trialand control:(e.g.) 400 m2plot, maize and beans intercrops (M+B), maize
sole crops(M) beans sole crop(B), maize and cowpea (M+C) and cover crops (CC)
Plot
CA/Conc
Size (m2)
No of
plots/strips
Layout: (no1,2
3 or other)
Size of
plots/strips
Control
Blocks
Strips
Description of ‘other’: fill in crop
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.BLOCKS (10x10m)
x 10 plots
1 M
2 M+B
3 SCC
4 M
5 M+B
10 M+CP/Pk
SCC
8 M+B
7 M
6 SCC
2.Strips (2mx50m)
x10 strips
1 M
2 M+B
3 SCC
4 M
5 M+B
Project no 2116ZA311
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6 SCC
7 M
8 M+B
9 SCC
10 M+CP/Pk
3.Fodder Strips
(2mx50m)
x 8 strips
Short season maize
PAN5A190=yellow
PAN5A172=white
SSM
B/WCC relay
SSM
Lespedeza
SSM
Tall Fescue
SSM
B/WCC relay
BEFORE/ AT PLANTING
Method of weeding
Name
Yes/No
Quantity sprayed in ml/16l
knapsacks x no of knapsacks
Date of spraying/
weeding
Hand weeding
Round up
Dual Gold
Gramoxone
Comment on Efficiency of
herbicide (which weeds are
still present and which ones
died?)
Type of planter
Type of planter
Control
Trial
Date of planting
Hand hoe
MBLI
Project no 2116ZA311
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Type of seed
Type of seed
Name
Control plot
Trial plot
Maize
PAN6479
PAN53
SC701
Colorado
Kalahari Early Pearl
Nelson’s Choice
traditional
PAN5A190
PAN 5A172
Other:……………………
Beans
PAN148
Gadra
Other…..
Dolichos (Lab-lab)
Pumpkins
Flat White
Queensland blue
Traditional..
Cowpeas
Mixed brown
Bechuana white
Cover crops
Sun hemp
Sunflower
Millet
Fodder rye
Saia oats
Fodder radish
Fodder crops
Lespedeza
Tall fescue
Turnip
Other……
Fertilizer
Matraka
Haraka
Oxen drawn planter
2 row planter (tractor drawn)
Ploughing
Fertilizer name
Yes/No
Trial (amount) in kg
Control (amount) in kg
Project no 2116ZA311
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Germination and growth
Pest Control
-Micro-dosing
-in rows
-broadcast
-Micro-dosing
-in rows
-broadcast
MAP
LAN
Lime
Other (incl manure)…
Parameters
Plots
Control
blocks
Strips
% germination
M
B,C
CC
Space between rows
M
B
CC
% Canopy cover
M
M+B, M+C
B,C
CC
Legend:M – Maize, B – Beans and C – Cowpea, (1 – 10)= Plot number (s); Measure
for 2 rows
Project no 2116ZA311
42
Issues: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Presence of pests on day of assessment: …………………………………………………………………………………………
Type of pest: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Name
Yes/No
Quantity sprayed in ml/16l knapsacks
x no of knapsacks
Date of spraying
Decis Forte
Other;
Name………………………….
No. of times: ............................................................................................................................................
NOTE; If there are unknown disease symptoms please take clear, close up pictures to accompany the form.
Weeding
Dates of weeding
Weeding practise (handhoe,
other tools, herbicide (name)
Comment ( e.g weeded on time, too many
weeds, not much problem, new weed
present – name etc
1st
2nd
3rd
Crop Growthand height
Project no 2116ZA311
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Dates of
monitoring
Crop name
(e.g maize,
beans,
cowpeas,
sunflower
etc
Crop growth
stage (use
weeks if poss,
otherwise days
,or leaf no eg
V5 )
Growth
assessments (0=
poor,
1=moderate,
2=good)
Comments (e.g stunted, reddish
discolouration, yellowing of lower
leaves, yellowing of veins or interveinal
yellowing, virus symptoms, witling,
other disease symptoms