CbCCA Presentation - ADH Training | Mahlathini Development Foundation

Promoting collaborative, pro-poor agricultural innovation

2003-2024

To design and implement innovative projects and programmes which

promote collaborative, pro-pooragricultural innovation, working in

partnership with other organizations and communities.

CbCCAand innovation system development: For sustainable livelihoods and climate resilience

To work at the cutting edge of development methodology and

processes, integrating learning(training), research and

implementation into new models and processes, emphasizing synergy

and integration.

Mission

Communal tenure, deep rural communities in KZN, EC and Limpopo:

Targetbeneficiaries

51 years, woman headed hh, Grade 9-11, unemployed, Ave

monthly income R2170, field cropping, gardening and livestock

husbandry, no access to water in hh, local markets only, savings

groups

!"#$%&'()(*+#,$-.#$/.+#0)&$,122-.+,#3$/#)(4$

!"#$ %-/)#$ /#)(4$ +53+6-%#,$ %"#$ %&'()(*&$ 0(.$ #-6"$ (0$ %"#$ '-.%+6+'-5%,$ +5%#.7+#4#3$ 0(.$ %"#$ /-,#)+5#$

-,,#,,2#5%$

TypologyA- 49%

TypologyB– 27%

TypologyC– 24%

A good spread of different community members

involved in the Adaptation responses

Total

18-35 1

36-50 7

51-65 32

>65 10

No of respondents(50)

Farmer age categories

Fema

le,

78%

Male,

22%

Farmergender

Female

Male

Vulnerabilities andimpactsof CC

•Almost zero contribution to GHGs

•Deepening poverty: COVID19 and Ukraine war

•Increase in extreme weather conditions: Crop failure, livestock mortality, difficulties with access, internalisation of

infrastructural failures

•Drying of environment and local water sources: Lack of access to potable water and improved sanitation options

•Increased rate of environmental degradation

•Decreased dietary diversity and increased mortality in young children from malnutrition

•Staggering level of unemployment among youth ~50%

The smallholder farming

system

Smallholder

farming

system

Dryland cropping

of staples on small

patches of available

land (0,1-1ha)

Extensive

grazing of

livestock on

stover and

veld

Intensive

homestead food

production;

vegetables, fruit,

small livestock

Feed

biomass

mulch

Manure

mulch

Fodder

manure

stover

Cover

crops,

non

staples

OM and

soil

fertility

Little to

no soil

cover

METHODOLOGY: CbCCA– locally led adaption

Identify options and implement

Build improved systems and social agency

Collect and analyse information

CRA

learning

group

VSLAs

Marketing

committees

Water

committees

Livestock

associations

Youth

groups

CCA impact

assessments

Adaptive

strategies and

planning

Innovation and

practices

Implementation

Monitoring,

cyclical review

and evalution

Government

departments

Traditional

authority

Wardcommittees

Local

Municipality

Business

community

Academia

Civil

Society

Innovation

platforms –

clusters of LGs

Associations

and

organisations

Multistakeholde

r platforms

CRA learning groups: Process for development of social agency

PRESENT SITUATION

IDENTIFY OPTIONS AND

IMPLEMENT

BUILD IMPROVED SYSTEMS AND

BUILD AGENCY

Innovation •Improved participatory decision

making and implementation

Governance

•New community-based structures

•Improved rules and logistics within

existing and new community-based

structures

Linkages •Coherent collaboration with

stakeholders and role players

Putting the bits together for locally led adaptation

EMERGENT ACTIVITY: Governance

•Social learningand knowledge co-creation

•Improved social agency for local resource

management; agreements, processes

•Community level improvement of

governance: individual, group, village,

and local stakeholder-based

Paradigms strongly commodity

focusedwithin agro-industrial

complex.

Implementationfor governance and

support virtually zero – Corruption

now almost completely systemic

The few actions undertaken are

oftencounterproductive

Context:

Institutional Governance

Community members

Homevisits

Learninggroups

Meetings

Phonecalls

Written info

Workshops

Organisations

Extensionofficers

Messages

Socialmedia

Radio

Demonstrations

Facilitators

Average % of farmers

Knowledge sharing methods and the average percentage of farmers using each

before and now

Before

Now

ACTIVITY: Climate Resilient Agriculture and innovation system

development for sustainable and productive use of land and water

•Conservation/ Regenerative Agriculture: (LEI) Quantitative research support to the Smallholder Farmer

Innovation Programme; intercropping, crop rotation, cover crops, fodder production

•Livestock integration: Winter fodder supplementation, hay baling, conservation agreements, local livestock auctions

•Intensive homestead food production: Agroecology; tunnels, trench beds, crop diversification, mulching,

greywater management, fruit production

•Food system elements: Nutrition enhancement of diets, value adding and seed saving

•Village savings and loan associations: for savings and small loans for productive activities

•Local marketing and food systems: Monthly produce market stalls organised per village, exploration of further

marketing options, small

mills for maize

48 villages in EC, KZN

and Limpopo

850 small holder

farmers

3500

beneficiaries

Youngmothers

interest groups

PARTICIPATION

•Vulnerable youngwomen(unmarried,unemployedwith smallchildren)atvillage levelaretargeted

•Join the young mothers’ groups to:

•Share issues, situations and aspirations

•Share information and learning around topics of concern and interest including primary health care,

nutrition (specifically for children <5years), pre-school education, improvement of livelihoods and

upskilling towards increased employability and access to formal education opportunities.

•Climate resilient agriculture implementation appropriate to young mothers inclusive of microfinance

options and support9 villages in EC, KZN

and Limpopo

100

beneficiaries

Conservation Agriculture

Improved irrigation practices: Irrigation

scheduling (chameleon sensors)Natural pest and disease control

Composting Deep and shallow trench beds

Grey water management

Microclimate management: Shade cloth tunnelsCrop diversification

Mulching

Improved irrigation practices:

Drip irrigation

Mixed cropping

Intensive homestead food production practices

Livestock integration: Fodder production

Sunflowers, Sun

Hemp, milletTurnips Lespedeza Bird resistant

Sorghum TallfescueRadishes, oats

Cover crop options:

•Blocks or strips of SCC mix (fodder sorghum, sun hemp, sunflower), Dolichos and WCC mix (Saia oats, fodder rye, and fodder radish)

•Strips of fodder species, annual (Teff, turnips) and perennial (Lespedeza, Tall Fescue

Livestock integration: Fodder management

Manual baler used at household level

Collection of stover and cutting of veld grass for

baling and grazing, Grazing cover crops or stover in situ

Return of manure to the fields

(carry or in situ)

Use of bales with winter fodder supplements,

e.g. LS 33, premix450, protein blocks

Soil

Trench beds, 95%Microtunnels, 90%

Shallow trenches,

25%

Eco-circles,

30%Furrows and ridges, 60%

Compost, 25%Manure, 75%

Raise

beds,

10%

Water

Tower

gardens, 15%

Rainwater harvesting, 90%

der

gro

tan

Drip irrigation,

35%

Mulching, 60%

Diversion ditches,

20%

Stone bunds/lines, 75%

Plant production

Liquid manure, 45%

Foliar

spray,

Conservation agriculture,

30%

Plantin

herbs,

Natural pest

and disease

control, 15%

Mixed cropping, 85%

Inter cropping, 25%

Crop rotation, 90%

Seedli

produ

ction,

Seed

propaga

tion, 10%

Traditional practices

Seed saving, 40%

Indigenous

livestock breeds,

20%

Banana basins,

25% Pruning, 5%

CRA practices: Limpopo, Bergville, Matatiele

Soil

Trench beds, 75%

Microtunnels, 60%

Furrows and

ridges, 10%

Compost, 15%

Manure, 80%

Water

Rain

water

har…

Drip irrigation, 55%

Mulching, 90%

Diversion ditches, 20%

Plant production

CA, 80%

Planti

her…

Natural P&D control,

15%

Mixed cropping, 85%

Inter cropping, 70%

Crop rotation, 75%

Livestock Integration

Fodder production, 45%

Win

ter

sup

pl…

Grazing management,

20%

Fire breaks, 50%

Cutting, storage of

fodder, 50%

Cutting and Baling ,

40%

cutting and

feeding , 35%

Restoration, 35%

Traditional practices

Seed saving, 65%

Indige

nous

livesto

breeds

, 10%

Trad …

Tradtional

planting,

15%

Traditional

seed

storage,

10%

Soil

Trench beds 82%

Microtunnels 65%

Shallow trenches 12%

Eco-circles

Furrows and ridges

35%

Compost 24%

Manure 18%

Water

Tower

gardens

12%

Greywater use 24%

Rainwater harvesting 29%

Drip irrigation 24%

Mulching 53%

Diversion

ditches 12%

Plant production

Liquid

manure 12%

Foliar

spray 6%

Conservation

agriculture 35%

Planting

herbs 6%

Natural pest and

disease control 18%

Mixed cropping 76%

Inter

cropping

Crop rotation 76%

Livestock Integration

Improved

housing 6%

Fodder

production

Cover

crops

Winter

supplemen

tation 12%

Grazing

manageme

nt 12%

Firebr

eaks

Cuttin

g and

feedin

g or

stor…

Traditional practices

Seed saving 53%

Indigenous

livestock

breeds 6%

Traditional

pest control

Fruit canning

12%

Traditional

planting 18%

Traditional seed

storage 18%

•29 VLSAs, 535 participants

•Combined monetary value of over R1 million

•Savings and small loans used for consumption

smoothing, debt repayments, ceremonies, food, home

improvements, small businesses and farming

•VSLAs are crucial for continued involvement in

farming and for more sustainable livelihoods

Village Saving and Loan Associations (VSLAs)~R255/

farmer/

month

saved

New innovation: Bulk

Loan Funds - larger

savings and longer

term for greater loan

potential– specifically

for production

Building

Education

Farming inputs

Household use

Production inputs

Small business inputs

Funeral purchases

Medical costs

Average % of farmers

Loans use categories and the average percentage of

farmers using loans in each

Education Food HouseholduseOther Production Small business

Average % of farmers

Savings use categories and the average percentage of

farmers saving in each

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Rands per month

Average monthly amount saved perfarmer

before and now

Before

Now

Local marketing options (appropriate for smallholder farmers)

•Local market stalls (combined across villages): much larger range of

products and income potential, also now focus on labelling,

branding, pricing, value adding and processing

•Bakkie traders, stores in local towns (individuals and groups within

villages): generally commodity focused, and farmers are price

takers – good for larger quantities but no competitive advantage

•Sale to local retailers and supermarkets (individuals): requires

transport, intermittent, price takers, little stability, competitive –

overalllow potential

•Food first, income from surplus (80% of

participants)

•Expansionof existing cropping areas and types

and number of crops grown (10-15%)

•Productionspecifically for sale (1-5%)

•Development of marketingoptions for

aggregating small quantities of a range of products

•Farmgate(within villages); small local potential

with low-income ceilings

Presently

the best

option

Farming activity

Average monthly income /participant

Annual income potential

Broilers

025

R12

294

Layers (eggs)

R641

692

Field crops:

Maize

Beans

R210

R238

713

850

Vegetables

R247

964

All commodities

Average monthly value of

food/participant

Estimate based on interviews

R700

R8 400

Commodity for a selection of

participants only

Average monthly income/ participant

Annual income potential

Green Maize

300

R15

600 to R24 000

Stall fed calves

R750

000 to R50 000

Totalvalueofproduction(excl.

the selection)

060

R36

713

Averaged from production

records. From further

individual interviews actual

averages Between R1 000-

R3 300.

More than doubled

production and incomes

over a 2 -year period.

Shows what is possible

but much broader

support required (more

people, more villages)

Improvement of livelihoods and incomes

2022

010000 20000 30000 40000

Total

Averagecurrent income

(R) R36268

Averageincreasein

income (R)R8440

Averageamount of

produce currently

produced (kg)

1258

Averageincreasein

amount of produce

produced (kg)

620

Averageproportion of

produce currently

consumed

Changes in elements of farming productivity

2024

Farming Other Remittances Small

business

Social grants

Average % of farmers

Livelihood diversity options (income sources) and the average

percentage of farmers deriving income from each before and

now

Before

Now

Provincial production and income trends

0500010000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000

Santeng

Sedawa

Turkey

Willows

Worcester

Santeng SedawaTurkey Willows Worcester

Average current income (R)R1153R24470R41659R46515R47292

Average increase in income (R)R 386R13443R12331R5263R4807

Average amount of producecurrently

produced(kg)6751431 2206649564

Average increase in amount of produce

produced(kg)115 4741355284 253

Average proportion ofproduce currently

consumed 75 59 62 73 76

Limpopo

02000 4000 6000 8000 100001200014000 16000 18000

Eqeleni

Ezibomvini

Stulwane

Vimbukhalo

EqeleniEzibomvini Stulwane Vimbukhalo

Average current income(R)R15 634R10 120R8 703R3 264

Average increase inincome (R)R9 505R9 448R2 845R2 206

Average amountofproduce

currently produced(kg)669 900 755 382

Average increase inamount of

produce produced(kg)273 565 259 196

Average proportionof produce

currently consumed70 52 67 75

Bergville

010000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000

Nchodu

Ned

Nkau

Rhashule

NchoduNedNkau Rhashule

Average current income(R)R11 142R19 951R48 729R39 749

Average increase inincome (R)15521664 118910

Average amountofproduce

currently produced(kg)314 740 947 634

Average increase inamount of

produce produced(kg)222215 608 172

Average proportionof produce

currently consumed38 51 61 28

Matatiele

•Community owned local water access: Water committees,

spring protection, water reticulation, pipes and tanks at

homestead level

•Soil and water conservation: village-based learning groups

in Climate Change Adaptation undertake resource

conservation activities

ACTIVITY: Water and Natural Resource Management for sustainable and

productive use of land and water

48 villages in EC, KZN

and Limpopo

850 small holder

farmers

3500

beneficiaries

•Community owned local water access: Water committees,

spring protection, water reticulation, pipes and tanks at

homestead level

•Soil and water conservation: village-based learning groups

in Climate Change Adaptation undertake resource

conservation activities

•Social-ecological mapping and adaptive planning:for

community manged stewardship and resource conservation

efforts – including youth (as eco-champs)

ACTIVITY: Water and Natural Resource Management for sustainable and

productive use of land and water

48 villages in EC, KZN

and Limpopo

850 small holder

farmers

3500

beneficiaries

Social-ecological mapping in Costone

Local water access: Spring protection and boreholes

•Development of a water committee constitution

with rules of operation, membership criteria,

required contributions, etc

•Presently no legal option for providing such small

schemes with any recognition and support

(outside of a decree by the minister)

•WaterServiceAuthorities slowandunwilling to

recognize such options – but also not supporting

communities

Appropriate tech and low-cost options

•Springs secured and protected.

Reticulated header tanks with either

communal or household taps and tanks

•Watercommittees develop outofCRA

learning groups and include traditional

leadership

•These groups fully involved in assessing

options, planning and designing the

intervention, collection of monies ,

implementation, and maintenance

V-box

Header tanks

Communal tap

Digging offtake for

slotted pipe

Covering with bidem,

stones, and soil

Slotted pipeNatural spring

Stewardship: Alien clearing, erosion control, grazing management