Farmer handouts (sePedi) | Mahlathini Development Foundation

$-*."5&3&4*-*&/5"(3*$6-563&13"$5*$&4'03

4."--)0-%&3'"3.&3470-6.&1"35

'"3.&3)"/%06544&1&%*

77

Climate Resilient Agriculture:

Practices for Smallholder Farmers

Volume 2 Part 8

Farmer Handouts: Sepedi

E Kruger, MC Dlamini, T Mathebula, P Ngcobo, BT Maimela &S Ntonta

Report to the

Water Research Commission

Mahlathini Development Foundation

WRC Report No. TT 841/9/20

February 2021

Obtainable from

Water Research Commission

Private Bag X03

Gezina, 0031

orders@wrc.org.za or download from www.wrc.org.za or www.mahlathini.org

The publication of this report emanates from a project entitled Collaborative knowledge creation and mediation

strategies for the dissemination of Water and Soil Conservation practices and Climate Smart Agriculture in

smallholder farming systems. (WRC Project No.K5/2719/4)

This report forms part of a series of 9 reports. The reports are:

Volume 1: Climate Change Adaptation for smallholder farmers in South Africa. An implementation and

decision support guide. Summary report. (WRC Report No. TT 841/1/20)

Volume 2 Part 1: Community Climate Change Adaptation facilitation: A manual for facilitation of Climate

Resilient Agriculture for smallholder farmers. (WRC Report No. TT 841/2/20)

Volume 2 Part 2: Climate Resilient Agriculture. An implementation and support guide: Intensive homestead

food production practices. (WRC Report No. TT 841/3/20)

Volume 2 Part 3: Climate Resilient Agriculture. An implementation and support guide: Local, group-based

access to water for household food production. (WRC Report No. TT 841/4/20)

Volume 2 Part 4: Climate Resilient Agriculture. An implementation and support guide: Field cropping and

livestock integration practices. (WRC Report No. TT 841/5/20)

Volume 2 Part 5: Climate Resilient Agriculture learning materials for smallholder farmers in English. (WRC

Report No. TT 841/6/20)

Volume 2 Part 6: Climate Resilient Agriculture learning materials for smallholder farmers in isiXhosa. (WRC

Report No. TT 841/7/20)

Volume 2 Part 7: Climate Resilient Agriculture learning materials for smallholder farmers in isiZulu. (WRC

Report No. TT 841/8/20)

Volume 2 Part 8: Climate Resilient Agriculture learning materials for smallholder farmers in Sepedi. (WRC

Report No. TT 841/9/20)

DISCLAIMER

This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication.

Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does

mention of trade names or commercial productsconstitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

ISBN 978-0-6392-0235-8

Printed in the Republic of South Africa

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following individuals and organisations deserve acknowledgement for their invaluable contributions and

support to this project:

Chris Stimie (Rural Integrated Engineering – RIEng)

Dr Brigid Letty and Jon McCosh (Institute of Natural Resources – INR)

Nqe Dlamini (StratAct)

Catherine van den Hoof (Researcher)

Dr Sharon Pollard, Ancois de Villiers, Bigboy Mkabela and Derick du Toit (Association for Water and Rural

Development)

Hendrik Smith (GrainSA)

Marna de Lange (Socio-Technical Interfacing)

Matthew Evans (Web developer)

MDF interns and students: Khethiwe Mthethwa, Samukhelisiwe Mkhize, Sylvester Selala, Palesa Motaung

and Sanelise Tafa

MDF board members: Timothy Houghton and Desiree Manicom

PROJECT FUNDED BY

REFERENCE GROUP MEMBERS

Prof S Mpandeli Water Research Commission

Dr S Hlophe-Ginindza Water Research Commission

Dr L NhamoWater Research Commission

Dr O CrespoUniversity of Cape Town

Dr A Manson KZN Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

Prof S WalkerAgricultural Research Council

Prof CJ Rautenbach Previously of WeatherSA

COLLABORATING ORGANISATIONS

https://inr.org.za/https://award.org.za/https://amanziforfood.co.za/

https://foodtunnel.co.za/http://www.rieng.co.za/

This page was intentionally left blank

Climate Resilient Agriculture: Mekgwa ya

balimi potlana

1 CLIMATE RESILIENT AGRICULTURE (CRA) KE ENG?

Climate resilient agriculture e netefatša go oketsa ditšweletšwa tša temo le tšhelete, go le gare go leka

o berekiša megwa ye bonolo ya temo gape lego netefatsa gore tsela ya rena ya temo ke ya maleba

ebile e loketši hlago.E bolela ka go dira diphetogo o ya le ka mokgwa wo re lemago le felong lao fetoga

gore le kaonafatse bokgoni bja rena le bja naga gore re gone go phela ka di phetogo tse.

Kgatelelo e ka serapeng goba ka lapeng. Climate Resilient Agriculture e netefatsa go kaonafatša

dibjala, diphoofolo lego hlokomela hlago gape le mobu le hlokomelo ya meetse bjalo kage di

bonagatswa seswantsong sa go latela.

Figure 1

: Household level implementation of CRA integrates across sectors (adapted from Arslan, 2014)

Gona le di tsela tsa temo tšeo dika re tswelago mogola. Legano ke la gore re leke ditsela tšeo dire

loketšego bjalo ka batho le lefelo leo re dulago gomme re bapetse le ditsela tšeo re setšego re di

berekiša gore re gone go bona phapano gape re dire kgetho ka go fetola ditsela tša rena tsa temo.

Go hlakanya mehuta ya go fapana ya temo go oketsa phetogo.

The practices are briefly described below/ Ditirišo di hlalošitšwe ka bo kopana mo fase.

Further information can be found on the following websites/Tsebo ye e ngwe eka kgwetšagala go

www.mahlathini.org

www.amanziforfood.co.za

DiphoofoloDiphoo

Bophelo ba mobu

le monontšha

Meetse

Tebego ya naga le

dibjala tsa hlago

TLEMAGANO

ANAN

EMEM

Hlokomela ya

meetse le

mobu

Merogo

2 DITSELA TŠEO

Ditsela tšeo redi dirišitšego go kgetha mekgwa/ditirišo tsa temo ke tse di latelago.

• Go fokotsa dikenywa tsa ka ntle

• Go oketsa phapapano ya dilo goba dibjalo

• sGo nepiša seemo sa mobu le mokgwa ya tlhago ya go aga mobu

• Go hlokomela tikologo

• Go berekiša meetse ga alego gona gabotse

• Berekang mmogo, ithuteng mmogo lebe le rulaganya dmmogo.

Mehuta ye kamoka e dirišitswe le balemi potlana ba babagwe mengwageng e meraro go iša go ye

seswai ye e fetelego, ebile re a tseba gore mehuta e ya bereka. Re le lakaletsa mahlatse le mahlogonolo

ka go e leketsa.

3 HLOKOMELO YA MEETŠE (HLOKOMELA MEETŠE A A LEGO GONA LE GO OKETŠA

KHUMANEGO YA MEETŠE)

3.1 DIFORO TSA GO NOELETŠA MEETŠE (DIFORO TSA GO FITIŠA, DIFORO TŠA GO NOELETŠA)

Tse ke moela wa diforo (30 cm bophara le 15-30 cm go iša fase) tse di e epiwang go laola tšhipidišo

ya meetse lefelong la maleba goba go kgobakanya lego dumelela meetse gore a tsenelele ka gare ga

mobu waka serapeng, morago a epelwe ka mothapalalo.

Go bjala godimo ga mmoto, wa tšhela manyora/dibodišwa le gobipetša ka majwang/mahlare godimo

ga mmoto le diforo ke leano le le botše.

Doforo tse oketsa phihlelelo ya le go hwetšagala ga meetše mo hlokegong ya go tšewletša ga dijo.

DINYAKWA

- Pula: >150mm/ngwaga

- Thempheretšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga: Tshekamo engwe le engwe

- Mobu: 5-35% letsopa, botelele >15cm

DIDIRIŠWA

- Dirapa, tshemo

- <0,1ha, 0,1-1ha

-Theko yta tlase, mothopo wa kgauswi

-Go bonolo go dira le go boloka;

- mošomo o boima

Diforo tše di dikologang, di

bipeditšwe ebile ba bjala

merapa godimo ga mmoto.

Go epa diforotsa go dikologa (1,5-5% sekama;30cm

bopharale 30cm goya fase mobu o beya godimo ga

go sekama.

Go lokišammoto wa diforo tsa go dikologa gore o

tle bjale,o lokiše le go tšhela morole

3.2 MOELA WA MEDIYA O O AROGANYENG.

Moela ke banka ya lefase e e dirilwego gaušwi le sebopego le foro (40 cm o iša fase le 50 cm go

bophara) godimo ga tshekamo. Ka godimo ga banka ya lefatshe ke ditekanyo go dumelela go bjala.

Moela o gahlanetsa go kitima ga meets, ebe e phahlalatsa ebile e thusa gore meeste a tsenelele

lefaseng. Ka tlwaelo, Dibjalo tša go tswana le dienywa di bjalwa fase ga mmoto wa moela, mola dibjalo

tsa sehla (merogo) di bjalwa magareng ga meela.

DINYAKWA

-Pula: >150mm <1200mm/ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga 5%-25%

-Mobu: mehuta ka moka – Le ge mobu wa santa

kgotsa wa letsopa e le boima go e hlokomela.

DIDIRIŠWA

- Dirapa, tshemo

-<0,1ha, 0,1-1ha, >2ha

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

- Mošomo o boima

Barulaganya moela le meela e me bedi eo e bontš

hang tshipidišo ya meetše

Ge o epa moela/diforo. Mobu o tšhelwa

ka lehlakoreng la go fetiwa ke lelengwe.

O ka bipetša ka mahlare kgoša jwang godimo ga di foro le

merogo e o e bjadilego mo di forong le mmotoGo lokiša mebete ka hlase ga moela

3.3 DIFORO LE MEBOTO

Diforro di epiwa godimo ga thapalalo gomme mobu wa beiwa ka godimo ga mosekamo wa lefaše mo

mmotong. Go bjalwa go diragala godimo ga di mmoto kgotsa diforo gomme meets a sepela mo

diforong. Go a kgonega go dirasefapano sa kgokaganyogo netefatša go nošetsa ga maleba gore

meetse a kgone go kgobakana ka gare ga di foro a nwelela lefašeng. Gobipetša ke mokgwa o lokileng.

DINYAKWA

- Pula: >150mm/ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga: 0,5%-5%

-Mobu: Mehuta ka moka

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa/Tshemo

- <0,1ha, 0,1-1ha

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

- Mošomo o boima

Diforro le meboto e šomišiwa ka tšhimong; keletšo gore

meboto e kgokagana go tshwara meeste kamo doforong.

Serapa se sedirilweng ka go somisa

mekgwa ya diforo le meboto; go

bjadilwe tamati, dikherotse, le

sepenitšhe. Keletšo Hlokomela mepeto

mo setshwantshong pele letsogong le

letona

Serapa sa diforo se go bjadilweng

tamati se bipeditšwe. Gonošetša

ka moela wa meetse o šomišiwa

diforo.

Mehlare ya dienywa eka kopanywa le mebete ko mokgwa

wa go tshwana le mo senepeng

3.4 KGOKAGANYO YA MEBOTO

O ke mokgwa wa go oketsa meets a aleng gona go di bjalo ka go kgabakanya meets a pula lifelong le

le sa bjalwang lego kgabakanya ka diforo le meboto. Go lema go ka dirwa ka mahlakoreng a diforo mo

meets a kgonang go nwelele kgotsa mo meets a nweletšeeng.

Melapo e dirwa ka go epa di foro tse di sa išego fase thoko ga thapalalo ya tshekamo ya tshemo/serapa

le gorulaganya meboto mo lehlakoreng la fase la diforo. Di tswalantšha ka go go isa fase meboto ga

nyane, e e rulagantsweng magareng ga diforo ka nako e tee.

REQUIREMENTS/DINYAKWA

- Pula: 400-700mm/ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga: 0,5%-7%

-Mobu: Mobu o swanetše go tloga o sa

fetoga. Mobu o mokaone ke mobu wa

letsopa kgotsa mobu o o tlogang o na le

monya mobung wa godimo go feta mobu wa

tlase

IMPLEMENTATION/DIDIRIŠWA

- Dirapa, tshemo

- <0,1ha, 0,1-1ha

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

- Mošomo o boima

Diforo tse di bipilweng kamo serapeng se se adilweng ka

kgokaganyo ya meboto

Meetse a kgobakantšhitsweng ka gare ga foro serapeng sa

magea le meboto e e kgokagantšhitsweng

Tshemo e nyane e go ba adilego meboto e e kgakaganeng

go bjadilwe merapa, ditapola le maheya, Free state

3.5 MELETE YA TSENELETŠA MEETSE/ GODIKOLOGA GA BANANA

Melapo epiwa mobung hleng le Ditsela tsa go sepidisa meetse (go tshwara le go fokotsa lebelo la

meetse). Melapo e, e tshwanetse go tshelwa ka dibolwa tse dintšhi tse di hlakantshitsweng le mobu le

dibanana kgotsa ka go bjala di bjalo tse di ratang meetse mo melapong.

Phapano ya melete e, ke gore o tee goba molapo e epiwa ka gare ga ditsela tsao laola meetse, ya tla

e tlatsišwa ka dibola (tse di meetsi le morole) gore dira di bodiša. Mo go bjalwa dibanana kgotsa mehlre

e mengwemo morumong.

DINYAKWA

- Pula: >350mm/ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga: 1,5%-25%

-Mobul: mehuta ka moka (5-30% clay) and depths (>30cm)

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa

- <0,1ha,

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

-O bonolo go dira le go boloka; mošomo o boima

Melapo e menyane e ka dirwa; melapo ya

epiwa, e be e tlatsiswa ka dibodudi

Banana circle e e bipeditšweng, e hlakanthsitswe

le metlang

Melapo gotee le tsela/moela wa go sepidiša meets. Meboto e e

kgokaganeng e dirilwe magareng ga melapo.

-GO BIPETSA

Mobu o a peswa ka mehuta e fapaneng ya maseledi a dimela/merogo le dibola, go boloka meetse, lego

fokotsa thempheratšha ya mobu le go oketsa bophelobja mobu.

DINYAKWA

- Pula: >350mm/ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga: 1,5%-25%

-Mobu: Mehuta yotlhe (5-30% clay) le botelele (>30cm)

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa

- <0,1ha,

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

-O bonolo go dira le go boloka; mošomo o boima

Go bipetsa ka mahlare godimo ga mepete

Go bipetsa ka nappier fodder/moba,

stover

odimo

a M

ete wa mero

Go bipetsa ka Lucerne kgotsa bjang bo bo omileng, tshemo ya hlokomelo

ya tsa temo

Tšhomišo ya go bipetsa ka bjang ga diforo le meboto

3.6 SHADE CLOTH TUNNELS/NETE YA MORITI

40% yadi nete tsa moriti tsao lekana 4.2mx6m,2m o ya godimo di agiwa ka o berekiša didiriswa tse di

itšego digwetšagang mo gae. Ditšhipi a dirilwe ka pphaepe e e kobilweng ka motšeko. Ditšhipi epelwa

mobung go gona go beiwa godima ga ditshipi gotla go kgona go roka nete godimo. Nete e ya

kgwatliswa ka mahlakoreng kamoka.

ka gare ga nete ya moriti ke mebete ye meraro 1m x

5m yeo ele gorego o mongwe le o mongwe ona le 20L

ya kgamelo ya go rothiša meetse. Mokgwa wa go

bjala ka go tšwaka dibjalo o somisiwa ka gare ga nete

ya moriti le go šomiša meetse a a hlokišitsweng a

gona go bereka ka neteng ya moriti.

Dinete tša meriti di šwanetse mafelong ohle mo temo

e kgonegang, Melete ya epiwa ebile tsa go nosetša di

gona go fihlelwa.

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa

- <0,1ha,

-Gadi bitši thata, gae battle bokgoni, goithuta le bohlahli

-Gae hloke hlokomelo thata

Mothaledi wa mathomo godimo go tloga ga letsogo la molema goyago letsogo la go ja: Go šomišiwa thapo go mereka mogo nnete e tlobang gona;

O šomiša tshipi e ebonegelang goka dira masoba mobung,; Gokoba ditshipi o somisa tshipi ya go kgona go koba ditshipi o be o kgomagana ditshipi

tse pedi ka khonethara

Mothaledi wa mathomo godimo go tloga ga letsogo la molema goya go letsogo la go ja; ‘Go kenya ditšhipi mekoting,; rokelela ka mo morago ga nete

le monyako pele o e kenya momeleteng ; Nametsa nete godimo ga ditshipi, o e ngange; Emisa nete le ditšhipi ga botš e, le be le rokelele nete,

epela nete ya fase mobun

o itšhireletša

e moya o tla.

Nete ya moriti e e fetswang go agiwa, le kgamelo le dirothisa meetse

gobjadilwe morogo

3.7 GO BEELETŠA LE GO BOLOKA GA MEETSE A PULA

Generally, smallholders

collect water in available

basins, drums and JoJo

tanks. This does not provide

a lot of water. / K bokopana

balemi potlana ba a gelela

meetse mo mekorotwaneng,

dituruturung le do jojong.

Tsela e ga e bafe meetse a a

lekaneng

Ditanka tsa go epelwa fase di

kgona go kgobaketsa meetse

a alekanego. Ditanka tse di

tšea meetse a pula ao a

tšwelelago mebileng goba mafelong ao tswara meetse a mantši, diboloka 25 000-40 000l, meets a a

lekaneng serapa se se kana ka 100-200m2 a šomišiwa dikgwedi dile 4-6.

Melete e megolo e šwanetse o epiwa gore di tanka di kgone go agiwa, oo ka šomiša samente, ditena

le go plastera

DINYAKWA

- Pula: >450mm/ngwaga

- Thempheratsha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga: 1,5%-25%

-Mobu: Mehuta yohle (5-30% clay), and botelele (>30cm)

DIDIRIŠWA

- Dirapa

- <0,1ha, 0,1-1ha, .2ha

-Ditshelete le di diriswa tse ntshi dia hlokego gore o kgone o aga tanka.

-Botsebi le bokgoni dia hlokega (thekgo lego eletšwa dihlokega pele go ba tsibi)

-Ga o lokiši ga ntshi. Dibakete goba pompo dia hlokega gore o gone go ntsha meetse. O

swanetsi o hloša mobu kgafetsagafetsa.

Mekgwa e e šomišiwang kamo gae go boloka meets nageng ya Limpopo; 210 L mokorotwane ,

1000l L ya Jo-Jo tanks, dišwara meets a manyane.

Tanka ya semente tle ditena ya agiwa

Mohlala wa tanka ya ka fase ga le fase (18m3)

ka setswalo se se

onan

o tloswa

(

Acornhoek

)

Moreo wa seretse wa tanka ya tlase ga

lefase 25 000l go fokotša seretse se

sebolokilweng le meetse

Tanka e feletšego ya ditena e e rulwetšego

go sireletšega. Le foro ya go sepidisa

meetse tankeng

3.8 GO BEELETŠA LE GO BOLOKA GA MEETSE A

PULA LE DI TANKA TSA JO-JO

Ditanka tša JoJo (Ka mehla 2500L-5000L) dika

šomišwa go kgobaketsa meetse ga otšwa godimo

ga ntlo.Go bohlokwa go netefatsa gore gosomisiwe

di pompi le ledi khataše tša maleba.

Go ka kgonega go šomiša ditanka tsa jojo tšeo di

epetswego mobung ka tshepo ya go boloka meets

a a fologang mo tshekamong ya naga. Mo meetse

aka tšhelwa ka matlakgogedi go tloga tanking ga a

tlhoke pompi kgotsa kgamelo.

Gona le dikgetho tsa go diriša ditanka tsa jojo ka

fase ga mobu, efela mo seemong se di nyaka go

kgwatlišwa. Tsela ye e bonolo kudu o feta o ke

agela tanka ya gago.

Di pompi tsa go goga meets ka di tankeng

tsa mobung Di katase ledi monatlana wa phaepe di bohlokwa ge o diriša di tanka tsa jojo

Ditanka tsa jojo tseo di epetswego go kgobaketsa

meets tšhekamong ya lefase

Ditanka tsa jojo di epetswe go boloka meets lafase ga

mobu

tafola yao bontsha meetse a aga bolokwago ka malapeng

3.9MATAMOAMANYANE

Matamo a manyane aka epiwa mobung wa go gona go tswara meetse ( letsopa la gona gotshwara go

feta 25%).Matamo ana le mokgwa wa go fela meetse ebile ga a tšei nako a hletsi efela afa mobu meets,

mme o gona go fa meets go profaele ya mobung mo nageng. Gantsi matamo a epiwa mafelong a goba

le didiba gore di gone o tlatsa matamo kgafetsagafetsa, goba lefelong leo le tletsego meetse.

Go a kgonega go kgoparetsa matamo ka plastiki efela ge ona le lebaka la gore aka dula a tletše meetse

ka gore plastiki e gona go hlagala kapela ka baka la letšatši.

Gape wa kgonega go tswalela matamo ka semente sa letsopa go a tswalela, ge fela gona le gonego

ya gore matamo a dule a htetsi meetse ka nako tse dintšhi.

Mehlala e meraro ya matamo a manyanea epilweng mobung o o tlo swarang meetse ->25% mobung wa letsopa. Letsogong la moja ke letamo

le legolo le letshelwang meetse ke methopo ya godimo. Letamo la ka gare letshelwa meetse ke phaepe ya matlakgogedi go tswa nokeng.

Letamo le lennyane leo agilweng ka semente sa letsopa le tshetšwe

meetse.Ela hloko seemo sa lebota, le tshekamo ya lebota la letamo,

go dumelela go setampa semente sa letsopa mo mahlakoreng a

letamo

/letamo le lennyane leo epilwego ka serapeng sa motseng wa

setšhaba e fepwa ke meetse awo a elelang go tswa pateng a

ageleditšwe ka polastiki

4 TLHOKOMELO YA MOBU (FOKOTSA YA KGOGOLEGO YA MOBU, GO NONTŠHA MOBU )

4.1 MERAKO YA MATLAPA

Merako ya matlapa e a gwa godimo ga mothapalalo go laola tšhepidišo ya meetse lego beakanyetša

bonyane go aga mobu le o o nonnego ka morago ga morako. Matlapa a epelwa forong tse nyane

mme Matlapa a magolo a pakiwa go ya ka tshekamo ya lefaše go tloga go matlapa a ma nyanne go

phema go thubega ga morako wa matlapa lego dumelela meetse gore a sepele ga nyane mo

morakong. Go bjala go ka dirwa ka fase ga morako mo go emang meetse , kgotša godimo ga morako

mo mobu wa go nona o tla o emang gona.

DINYAKWA

- Pula: >150mm/Ngwaga

- Thempheretšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga : 0,5%-5%

-Mobu: mehuta ya mobu – Matlapa a gwetšagala

bonolo

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa, tshemo

-<0,1ha, 0,1-1ha, >2ha

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

- Mošomo o boima

.Merako ya matlapa e a gwa godimao ga mothapalalo ebile

e kadirwa ka sekala sengwe le sengwe.

Setšhwantšho še še bontšhang matlapa a a agilweng

kagare ga foro mogo matlapa a magolo a beelwetšwe go

ya ka tshekamo ya morako

Matlapa a manyane a šomisitšwe go

dira morako wa matlapa go fokotsa

kgogolego ya mobu mo tseleng le

goiša meetse kamo serapeng

Brinjal e gašhitšwe mo go

kgobokaneng mobu wago nona

gdimo ga morako

Bananas planted below a

substantial stone line Dibanana di

bej

4.2 MATAMO A GO LEKOLA

Letamo la go lekola ke le nyane, ka nako engwe kela nakwana, letamo le a giwa thoko ga morako wag

sepediša ya meetse e e fokotsang kgogolego ya mobu, ka go fokotsa lebelo la meetse go dumelela

dibidišwa tsa seretse. Didirišwa tše dintšhi tše fapaneng di ka šomišwa, mobu, mašwika, dikgong le

merogo. Maswika kgotša di dirišwa tše dingwe di a gelelwa di tšawlelwa mo tshekamong ya morako go

fokotsa kgogologo ya mobu le lebelo la meetse. Dipoelo ke sebopego se senyane sa meraraya mobu

o o noneng go fepa dibjalo.

Matamo a go lekola a dirwa gantshi go kgaoletsa morako wa tshepidišo ya meeste mogo meetse a

fetang gona ga pula ena, mara ga elele ša ruri. Matamo a kgona go agwa lifelong le le senyang mobu

go dira dikoti. A kgona go dira go tsela e eme ga botše. Go šomišiwa maswika a ma sesame, faše o

epa 30cm-60cm bophara go lekanela boima ba 5-9kg. Maswika a manyane a ya godimo gore thetho

e kgone go ba 15cm-22cm molagare. Malokelelo a matamo a ka agiwa go tloga seretheng goya

monwaneng., mogo tekanyo ya merara e tletšeng ditšhila le seretse kwa morago ga letamo goya faše

ga letamo la godimo

DINYAKWA

- Pula >150mm/ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga: 1,5%-25%

-Mobu: Mehuta ka moka – mo matlapa le

maswikaa gwetšagalang bonolo

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa

- <0,1ha, 0,1ha-1ha>2ha

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

- Mošomo o boima

Dikoti di a bopega tshimong

Epa morako wa go tshwara

maswika mo letamomg.

Thoma kago paka le tamo lago lekola. Thom aka

maswikaa magole.

Mohlala wa le tamo la go lekolaka le le

fidileng le thetho ka mofase ga leboto le

sebopego sa banana.

4.3 MERARA

Merara ke tekanyo ya foro ya mobu e e a gilweng mo mokerong wa tshekamo e tshegile ke maswika

le matlapa, kgotsa ka ditaere tsa kgale. Merara e dira lefelo le leikadilego lago bjala go lokisa

tshekamoe e namelelago thata gore dibjalo dikgone go gola. Lelokelelola merara le dira megaton e e

fokotsang lebelo la meetse, leoketsa goneolela ga meetse mobung, e thus aka go fokotša kgogolego

ya mobu. Merara e a gwa tshekamong ya lefase e namelelelang.

DINYAKWA

- Pula: >350mm/ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga: 10%-40%%

-Mobu: Mehuta ka moka – mo matlapa le maswikaa

gwetšagalang bonolo

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa

- <0,1ha,

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

- Mošomo o boima

Merara ya matlapa go bjala tshimong

Merara e ka agwa ka ditaere tsa kgale nageng tse

disenang matlapa

Pontšho ya tshekamo mo merara ya tsimo e dirilweng go gaša

maheya (~20% tshekamo)

Pontšho ya serapa godimo ga tekanyo ya merara o o

namelelang. (40% tshekamo)

4.4 DIBODISWA TSE KAOFADITŠWENG

Go kaonefatša monontsho mobung go bohlokwa ka tsela tse fapaneng. Mekgwa e e kadirišwang:

- Tsenya morole; morole o o kaonefaditšweng ka go latwa serapeng sa diruiwa, mo go

dirilweng khomposite ka di phate, dibodiswa, mahlare e be go khupetswa ka polasitiki, e

tlogelwa matsatsi ale 5-7’

- Tsenya khomposite; llaga ya digwatlha tsa go oma, tse meetse, morole le mobu o nošetše

- Masalela a di bjalo; (go tswa go bjang, dinawa le mabele) le

- Botelele/letlakala la go bipetša

Go kereya mothopo wa dibodiswa o gidimo le dijo tsa mobu tsa go tshwana le Naetrotšene le

Carbon go bohlokwa. Maseledi a di bjalo tse dingwe le morole di na le dijo tsa go tshwana le

potassium le silicone

DINYAKWA

- Pula: >150mm

<1200mm/Ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga: 5%-

25%

-Mobu: Mehuta ka moka –lege mobu was anta kgotsa wa letsopa o boima go hlokomela

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa

- <0,1ha,

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

-Mošomo o boima, o bonolo go hlokomela

Lesaka la dipodi le a dilwe ka

bjang go dira morole o ononengDibodiša di a geletswe goya godimo ka mahlare a omileng le a meetse, morole le mobu, e

nošetšwe ga botše le go khopetšiwa

Comfrey, Masalela a bjang le maheya le hlakahlakanyo ya dibjalo tsa go khupetsašmobund a s go tshwana le sonoplolomo, leotša miDichos

beans

4.5 GO BJALA GA DINAWA LE DIBJALO TSA GO NONTSHA MOBU

Dinawa di bohlokwa, di lokiša Naetrtšene moyeng lego lokiša monontsho wa mobu le goitekanela ga

mobu go tla go fepa dibjalo tse di mo gaufi le tse do latelang. Dika bjalwa le dibjalo tse dingwe kgotsa

wa dikolosa le dibjalo tse dingwe.

Mohlala wa dibjalo tsa go nontsha mobu tsa selemo, dinawa, ditloo marapo, ditloo, Dolichos (Lab-

Lab), Velvet beans (Mucuna), Jack bean, mung beans, chickpeas, lentils, Lucerne and Sun hemp.

Mohlala wa dinawa tsa mariga ke peas, broad beans, clover

Dibjalo tsa go nontsha mobu di bjalwa go tla go epelwa mobung pele dika thoma go bloma go tlatsa

dijo tsa mobu tsa go tshwana le naetrotšene mobung gotla go šomišwa ke dibjalo tse dilatelang.

Dibjalo tsa go nontsha mobu ke dinawa, ditloo marapo, dotloo, Korong, bjang (black oats le fodder

rye), mosetata.

DINYAKWA

-Pula: >150mm <1200mm/Ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga: 5%-25%

-Mobu: Mehuta ka moka –lege mobu was anta kgotsa wa letsopa o boima go hlokomela

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa

- <0,1ha,

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

- Mošomo o boima

Dinawa le maheya dibjadilwe

kamoka, hlakahlkanyo ya dibjalo

Dolichos (lab-Lab) dinawa dibjadilwe

go dira morole go bipetsa mobu le go

dikolosa ga dibjalo

Dibjalo tse di nontshang mobu; saia oats,

selemo fodder rye le fodder radish

Broad beans, Amaranthus, Lucerne and red clover

4.6 MELETE E MEGOLO

Ke melete ya serapeng e e hlokang maatla go epiwa le go phušetšwa ka di dirišwa tše go di kgonang

go bola go dira khomphoste

- Meto o epiwa go fihla go 60-80 cm go ya faše, metara e le ngwe bophara le 1-10m botelele.

- O tlatšwa ka di gwatlha, morole, mahlare a a omileng, mahlare a meetse le mobu.

- Tlhatlagano ya ditshipi fašele meetse, kgotsa diphata.

- Molora wa marapo le kalaka di lokelwa moleteng go o ketša monontsho

- Marapo, Mogopa le mafofa o lokelwa moleteng go gwetša dijo tsa mobu e leng p

- Molora o lokelwa go gwetša dijo tsa mobu e leng K

- Mpete o a gilwe go ya godimo, gwa bjalwa le go bipetswa

DINYAKWA

- Pula: >350mm/Ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga: 0,5%-5%

-Mobu: Mehuta ka moka

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa

- <0,1ha,

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

-Mošomo o boima, o bonolo go hlokomela

Molete o epiwa 60-80cm goya faše.Ala ditshipi

fase le diphate moleteng.

Tsenya digwatlha tsa go tshwana le mahlare a

leheya, mahlare, le jwang

Tshela morole le mobu wa godimo.

Tsheletša o thome fase ka setepe se

selatelang.

Gedi legonadi bodiswa tsa go tshwana le mehlare a dibjalo matlakala a

ka tshelwa morago ga go tshela mahlare a go oma

Melete e meholo e a gelwa Mokero mothokong le molapo mpeteng go

kgona go bjala peu le dimelana

4.7 MELETE E E FOKOLANG

Melete e e fokolang bonolo go feta melete ya mitara o lo monge goya faše. E epiwa go fitlha go 30cm

ya tlašwa ka hlakanyo ya dibodišwa, morole le mahklare a a meetse.Go be go tlatšwa ka mobu le go

bjala.

Melete e e fokolang e šomišiwa gantshi ge go dirwa doforo, tse di fago moela o mošesane o o nang

le mobu o o noneng – e šoma bonolo dirapeng tse kgolo le mašimong. Go melete, go bipetša go

botlhokwa, go tshwana le hlakahlakanyo ya dibjalo le go dikološa ga dibjalo. Melete e fetša 3-8 e

soma pele a ka tšošološwa.

DINYAKWA

- Pula: >350mm/Ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga : 0,5%-5%

-Mobul: Mehuta ka moka

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa

- <0,1ha,

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

-Mošomo o boima, o bonolo go hlokomela

Go epa molete wa gofokola 30cm

bophara le 15cm go ya faše mokerong

tšhemong

Thoma go tlkatša molete ka morole,

digwatlha tse meetse le tse di omilengSerapa le melete e e fokolang and melete e megolo,

hlakahlakanyo ya dibjalo le go bipetša ka digwatlha

4.8 ECO-CIRCLES

E ke engwe ya melete e e dikologang, e pwa go lekanela le molomo wa sepete, o tšhela digwatlha

kgotša khomposete le dibodišwa. Dinošetšwa ka lebotlolo la dilitara tše pedi lego le dirilweng

masobane mathokong, la bjalwa mogare ga molete yo o dikologang.

Mpete wa go dikologa o loketse dirapa tse nyane ebile o tsenya lego o ketsa go tšenelela ga medu

mobunng, di bodišwa, le go tšhela digwatlha le hlokomelo ya go nošetša.

DINYAKWA

- Pula: >350mm/Ngwaga

- Thempheratšha: >5°C

-Boemo ba naga : 0,5%-5%

-Mobul: Mehuta ka moka

DIDIRISWA

- Dirapa

- <0,1ha,

-Theko ya tlase; mothopo wa kgaušwi

-Mošomo o boima, o bonolo go hlokomela

Go epa molote wa godikiloga, 1-1,5m

bophara mme 30cm gotsenelela le 15cm

mobu o tlhakantshitsweng le morole pele o

ka busetswa moletengMolete wa godikologa o fedilwe, o a

gelwetswe ka matlapa.. Aletere ya maoto a

maroro e somositswe go bjala dibjalo tsa go

tshwana le le ditamati le tloo

Molete wa go dikologa, o bipeditswe,

lebotlolo la dilitara tse pedi mo gare go

bjadilwe mesunkwane.

4.9 GO TSHELA MANYORO LE KALAKA KA GO LATISHA FELA FAO GO LEGO DIMELA

Manyoro a tshelwa goya ka taelo ya dipoelo tsa go nona ga mobu, a tshelwa kgauswi le dimela tseo

di golago go ena le go gasha/falatsa lefelo ka moka.Se se boloka shomisho ya manyoro gape se

thusha ka go tshela manyoro fela fao a hlokagalago, ka kararetso se kaunafatsa tshomisho ya ona.

Kalaka e ka tshelwa ka dikgotlotswaneng goba ka meraladi ka godimo ga mobu goba e ka

ribegetswe pele gage go thomiwa go lema ka mokgwa wa thlago (conservation agriculture CA) –

Kalaka yona e fokotsa go hlolega ga letswai ka mobung, le go netefetsa gore letswai le phela le le

tlase ka mobung

DINYAKWA

-Pula ya ka godimo ga dimilimitara tsa ka godimo gat se makgolonne-masomehlano ka ngwaga:

(>450mm/year)

-Dithemperatshara tsa ditikirisi tsa ka godimo ga tse thlano (5°C)

-Go theogela ga lefelo ga diperesente tsa magareng ga teefegelwanahlano goya go tse lesome (1.5 –

10%)

-Mobung wa mehuta kamoka – goya ka taelo ya go tshelwa ga manyoro

TIRAGATSO

-Ka serapaneng le ka mashemong a magolo

-Lefelong la bonnyane bja seripa se tee go tse lesome sa ekere goya go diekere tse pedi (<0,1ha, 0,1-

1ha, >2ha)

-Go bitsa masheleng a magareng; go fokotsa tshomisho ya didirishwa tsa go hwetshwa ka ntle/ kgole ka

go shomisha manyoro ka go seketsa.

-Go hlokega matsogo a go lebana

Go tshelwa kalaka ka sekgotlotswaneng go

shomishwa sekhurumelo sa lepotlelo bjolo ka seelo

Manyoro a bewa disentimitara tse pedi ka tlase

le ka godimo ga fao peu e lego gona

Go ribegetswa kalaka pele gage go thomiwa go lema ka mokgwa wa thlaho Go tshelwa kalaka ka godimo fao go bjalwago diponkisi

Go shomishwa mogoma go ntsha

peu le manyoro ka nako e tee Manyoro a elwa ka lehwana

4.10 DIKGOTLOTSWANA TSA GO BJALELA (ZAI PIT)

DiZai pit, ke melete/mekoti goba dikgotlotswana tsa go bjalela, mabakeng a mantshi di ba le bogolo

bja gorarela ga disentimitara tse masomepedi goya go tse masomenne (20 – 40) le goya tlase ga

disentimitara tse lesome goya go tse masomepedi (10 – 20). Dikgotlotswana tsa go bjalela di swara

meetse a pula, le meetse oa a elelago ebile di shireletsa dipeu le podishwa gore di se gogolege.

Dikgotlotswana di thusha gape go beela dimela meetse le difepammele tsa dimela ka bo kgauswi.

Melete/mekoti e epiwa sehleng sa marega. Mobu wo o epilwego o shomishwa go dira metotolwana

gorarela seripa sa nkgokolo ya sekgotlotswana, go kaunafatsa go swara le go boloka meetse ga

molete. Ka morago ga go epa molete, podishwa e a tshelwa, ka kakaretse go eletswa gore go

tshelwe podishwa ya dikilokereme tse lefela-fegelwana-tshela ka moleteng, gomme, ka morago ga

pula ya mathomo, podishwa e khupetswa ka lleyara ya mobu gomme peu ya bjalwa/bewa bogareng

ga molete.

DINYAKWA

-Pula ya dimilimitara tsa ka godimo ga tse makgolo-tharo-masome- hlano ka ngwaga(:

>350mm/year)

-dithemperatshara dikirisi tsa ka godimo ga tse thlano ( >5°C)

-Go theogela ga lefelo ga diperesente tsa magareng ga teefegelwanahlano goya go tse

masomepedihlano (1.5 – 25%)

-Mobu : mehuta ka moka (letsopa la 5-30%), (le goya tlase gwa ka godimo ga 30cm)

TIRAGATSO

-Ka serapaneng le ka mashemong a magolo

-Lefelong la bonnyane bja seripa se tee go tse lesome sa ekere goya go ekere e tee (0,1ha-

1ha, >1ha)

-Go bitsa masheleng a tlase, didirishwa di hwetsega ka bo kgauswi

-E dirwa le go hlokomelega bonolo; go hlokega matsogo a go lebana

Melete ya go bjalela(Zai pits) kua Kenya, go bjetswe lehea morago gwa khupetswa ka bjang, go eketsa go swara ga monola le go nona ga

Dikgotlotswana/melete ya go bjalela (Zai pits) e epilwe fao mobu o gogolegilego,

didiritshwa tsa podishwa di beilwe ka bo kgauswi (Go tshwaChris Reij), 20100 Lehea le bjetswe ka meleteng kua Kenya (go tswa go Inadesforum.net)

4.11 GO LEMA KA MOKGWA WA THLAGO (CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE)

Mokgwa wa go lema ka mashemong go shomishwa dikokwane tse di latelago:

xGo se rumule/tshikinye mobu kudu; gose ribegetse ga mobu, go bulwe fela meletana ya go bjalela ,

dikgotlotswana le meraladi/ metseletsejana

xKhupetsa mobu;mashaledi a dimela goba dithlaka di shiwa godimo ga mobu bjale ka pupetsa, dimela

(tseo di phelago) di tlogelwa ka tshemong lebaka le letelele kamo go kgonegago gore di kgone go fa/

dira morithi

xDimela tsa go fapafapana: go lema dimela tsa go fapana lefolong le tee, go fetolafetola dimela le go

akaretsa dimela tsa go tswakana tsa sehla sa marega le selemo tsa

go khupetsa mobu.

Mokgwa wa go bjala wa thlago o kaunafatsa maphelo a mobu le go

nona ga mobu, tsweletso ya dimela le go swara meetse ga mobu. Go

fokotsa go elela ga meetse le kgogolego ya mobu gape le

themperetshara ya mobu. Go fokotsa go palega le go kitelega ga

mobu.

DINYAKWA

-Pula ya dimilimitara tsa ka godimo ga tse makgolo tharo masome

hlano ka ngwaga(: >350mm/year)

-Dithemperatshara tsa ditikirisi tsa ka godimo ga tse thlano (5°C)

-Go theogela ga lefelo ga diperesente tsa magareng ga

teefegelwanahlano goya go tse lesomehlano (1.5 – 15%)

-Mobu: mehuta ka moka ( letsopa la diperesente tse hlano goya go

tse masome tharo hlano( 5%-35%))

TIRAGATSO

-Ka serapaneng le ka mashemong a magolo

-Lefelong la bonnyane bja seripa se tee go tse lesome sa ekere

goya go diekere tse pedi (<0,1ha, 0,1-1ha, >2ha)

-Go bitsa masheleng a godingwana (Peu, Manyoro,ditshefi tsa go dirwa ka didirishwa tsa thlaro),

dipholantara, didirishwa di hwetsega ka bo kgauswi

-Go hlokega matsogo a go lebana

KOKWANE YA MATHOMO: Go petula/rumula mobu go go fokoditswego/ gwa tlase

Metseletsejana le dikgotlotswana tsa go dirwa ka matsogo, go shomishwa

oma/letse

e le

holantara

a MBLI – ntle le

etula mobu

Mogoma wa go goga ke terekere wa go lema o sa petule

Go shomishwa pholantara ya lebili ya Haraka – pholantara ya e kgona go bjala dipeu

tsa mehutahuta

a e k

one

o b

ala ebile e bea le ma

oro ka nako e tee

Go shomishwa pholantara ya Knappick – ya go gogwa ka dipholo

KOKWANE YA BOBEDI: Go khupetsa mobu

KOKWANA YA BORARO: Go hlakahlakanya dimela

Tshemo ya lehea la go hlakana le dinawa - go shomoshitswe

metseletsele e mebedi, le go bjalela kgauswi le kgauswi

Tshemo ya lehea la go hlakana le dinawa- go shomoshitswe

metseletsele e mebedi, le go bjalela kgauswi le kgauswi

Dimela tsa sehla sa selemo tsa go khupetsa

mobu; sonoropolomo, leotsa le Sun hemp Dikolokoto (Lab-Lab bean (dolichos)),

Mobu o khupetsegile gabotse kamashaledi adimela

Moela wa go

hlweka(42mm)

Moela wa leraga

(195mm)

Tshemo ya go lengwa ka mokgwa wa

thlago, ya goba le mashaledi a dimela.

Moela wa meetse o tlase ebile o hlwekile

Go khupetswa ga mobu,tshemong ya go

len

wa ka mok

wa wa thla

Tshemo ya go lengwa ka go petula mobu,

molela wa meetse wa leraga ebile ke o

olo

4.12 GO BJALA KA MOKWAGA WA MESEGO (STRIP CROPPING)

mokgwa wa go bjala woo tsebjago ka gore ke Strip cropping ke mokgwa wa go lema fao dimela tsa

go fapana di bjalwago ka mesego go thibela kgogolego ya mobu le go thusha dimela gore di kgone

go tsea difapammela ga bonolo mobung. Go bjala ka mesego go swanetse gorapana le go theogela

ga lefolo.

Dimela di kgethwa goya ka go hlakantsha tsa medu ya botelele bja go fapana le dinyakwa tsa

difepammele tsa dimela. Ke kakanyo e botse gore mesego e bjalwe ka dimela tsa mehola ya go

fapana. Go bjala ka mokgwa wa go hlakantsha mehlare le dimela, bjale ka disakwane (Pigeon Pea),

Moringa, Sasepeia seseben le Lukhina bjale le bjale, go shoma botse. Mabjang a go swana

bethiba(vetiver), bjang bja swiri (lemon grass) le bjang bja furu le ona a ka shomishwa, gape le

rootse-smutefinka ( Rhodes-Smutsfinger ) (Digitaria)mix, Paspalum notatum le Tall Fescue.

DNYAKWA

-Pula ya dimilimitara tsa ka godimo ga tse makgolo tharo masome hlano ka ngwaga(:

>350mm/year)

-Dithemperatshara tsa ditikirisi tsa ka godimo ga tse thlano (5°C)

-Go theogela ga lefelo ga diperesente tsa magareng ga teefegelwanahlano goya go tse

lesomehlano (1.5 – 15%)

-Mobu: mehuta ka moka ( letsopa la diperesente tse hlano goya go tse masome tharo hlano(

5%-35%)

TIRAGATSO

-Ka serapaneng le ka mashemong a magolo

-Lefelong la bonnyane bja seripa se tee go tse lesome sa ekere goya go diekere tse pedi

(<0,1ha, 0,1-1ha, >2ha)

-Go bitsa masheleng a tlase (Peu le didirishwa tsa ka gae/kgautswi)

-Go hlokega matsogo a go lebana

Go bjala ka mesego ga lehea le Paspalum le

Digitaria

Go bjala ma mesego ga disakwane le

leheaDipholantara tsa go fapana; Mbli( hoe-type

hand),Haraka (Wheel), Matracca (jab) le animal

drawn planters, (Knapik- ka tlase)

Mosego wa bjang fao go theogelago go bjetswego lehea

Mesego ya lehea le lesirele(Lucerne) goba lesepetesa (Lespedeza)

Dimela tsa sehla sa marega tsa go khupetsa mobu; saia/black oats, forage , leroro le fodder

radish

4.13 DITSEJANA TSA GO BJALWA BJANG TSA GO NTSHA MEETSE KA TSHEMONG

Ditsejana tsa go bjalwa bjang tsa go ntsha meetse ka tshemong ke tse phaphathi/di bopara, ga di ye

tlase di agegile bjalo ka piring, gore ditlo ntsha meetse ka tshemong ka ntle ga go hlola kgogolego ya

mobu. Ditsejana tse di shomishwa go arosha moela wa godimo/go fetelela go tswa mo go bjetswego

dimela go ya go mafelo a go bolokega bjale ka dinoka goba makoribeng a dinoka.

xGo alelwa/khupetswa ka dimela/dimelana mo ditsejaneng tse, go fokotsa lebelo la meetse ao a elago

gomme gwa shireletsa bogodimo bja tsejana kgahlano le maatla go gogola a moela.

xGo bjala mabjang a go hloga ka kutu le a goya go ile bjale ka Paspalum, Fescue,Kikuyu le couch go

kaone go phala go bjala mabjang a botelele bja goya godimo a ngwaga ka ngwaga

xDira gore tsejana ya go sepetsa moela ge o e lebelela ka lehlakoreng la goripaganya ka pele go tswa ka

godimo e lebelelege bjalo ka theraoisidiale (trapezoidal) goba pharapoliki ( parabolic), le ka mohla o tee,

e seke ya ba le lebopo la V, o dire le bonnete bja gore tsejana e ba le goya tlase ga disentimitara tsa

magareng ga masometharo goya go tse masomenne (30 – 40), go theogela ga mathoko a yona, le ka

mohla o tee, go seke gwaba ka godimo ga seripa se tee go tse nne (1 in 4)

DNYAKWA

-Pula ya ka godimo ga dimilimitara tsa ka

godimo gat se makgolonne-

masomehlano ka ngwaga:

(>450mm/year)

-Dithemperatshara tsa ditikirisi tsa ka

godimo ga tse thlano (5°C)

-Go theogela ga lefelo ga diperesente

tsa magareng ga teefegelwanahlano

goya go tse masomepedihlano (1.5 –

25%)

-Mobu : mehuta ka moka (letsopa la 5-

30%), (le goya tlase gwa ka godimo ga 30cm)

TIRAGATSO

-Ka mashemong a magolo

-Lefelong la bonnyane bja seripa se tee go tse lesome sa ekere goya go ekere e tee (0,1ha-1ha, >1ha)

-Go bitsa masheleng a tlase, didirishwa di hwetsega ka bo kgauswi

E dirwa le go hlokomelega

Parabolic or trapezoidal ke mabopo a maleba a ditsejana tsa go

sepetsa meetse.hlokomela dipanka disepela moo go sa ishego tlase.

(

Michi

an state Universit

(

MSU Extension 2015

)

Go la nnyele: kgogolego e hlotswe ke moela go tswa

tshemong ya korong (MSU Extension, 2015)

Lefelo lona lela lena le bjang tsejaneng ya go sepetse meetse

men

a e malwa ka mora

(

MSU Extension

2015

)

Paspalum (Bahia Grass) ke kakanyo

ya maleba go shomoshwa ka gare ga

ditsejana, le ge e sa kgotlelele

komelelo

Bjang ba Tall Fescue eba bjo botala

sehla sa mare

a kamoka Couch grass (Elymus repens), e tsebja bjalo

ka ngwang ka tshemong efela e gola gabotse

le fao mobu o sa nonago ebile e fa tshireletso

ye botse go ditsejana tsa go sepetse meetse

5 HLOKOMELOYADIMELA(MEKGWA YA GO BJALA; MAPHELO A DIMELA; GO

DIRA/TSWELETSA TONE; TSWELETSO YA DIENYWA)

5.1 MOROLE WA SEELA/MEETSE

Merole ya seela ke merole gaba diteye go tswa mahlareng a dimela goba merole ya diphoofolo yeo e

tlogetswego go bela ya fetsa ya timolwa ka meetse pele ga ge eshomoshwa go noshetsa dimela

goba mobu wa go rarela dimela, se se direlwa go oketsa goba go kaonafatsa go nona ga mobu.

Merole ya seela e thusa dimela gore di kgone go ikemela kgahlanong le malwetsi le dikhunkhwane ka

go oketsa difepammele le diphoofolwana tseo di sa bonwego ka mahlo tseo di phelago mobung,

Didirishwa tsa go tlwaelega tsa go dira morole wa seela ke

merole ya diphoofolo/diruiwa (emeswa, yeo e sanago le

moroto) bjale ka wa dikgomo, dipudi, dipere, dinku le dikgogo

maeba le tsa bo tsona / goba dikarolo tsa dimela bjalo ka

matlakala, ngwang wa botala bjoo bo tebilego (go hwetsa

Nitrogen) kutu ya mohlare wa panana (Go hwetsa potassium

le phosphate), Mahlakantsha (comfrey) le botshatshabogope

(stinging nettle) (go hwetsa bobedi bjo, silicon le difepammele

tsa go thusa dimela kgahlano le malwetsi). Diteye goba

dibidishwa tse, di timulwa ka meetse ka tsela yee latelago

pele gage di shomishwa 1:4. Litara e tee ya teye/ sebidishwa

e tshelwa litara tse nne tsa meetse,

TIRAGATSO

- Ka dirapaneng

-Lefelo la bogolo bja heketere/ekere e tee go ya tlase (<0,1ha),

-Go bitsa masheleng a tlase, didirishwa di hwetsega ka bo kgauswi, ga se moshomo woo mogolo

-E direga moroba, ka pela

Go ripiwa kutu ya mohlare wa panana go dira teye ya

morole wa seela/ meetse Go ripelelwa ngwang go dira teye ya morole wa seela

Morole wa diruiwa o shomishitswe go dira morole wa seela;

morole wa dikgogo, dipudi le dikgomo e shoma gabose – ga

olo

e e sale e meswa

Sebjana sa go direla morole

wa seela, se swanetse go

tswalela go thibela go

moyafala ga meetse

5.2 THLAKATHLAKANYO YA DIMELA

Thlakathlakanyo ya dimela ka serapaneng, e dirwa ka go tswakanya dimela tse kgolo le tse nnyane,

go fetolafetola dimela, le go bjala dimela tseo di ratago go gola mmogo. Maikemishetso ke go ba le

mehuta yeo e fapanego ya dimela tsa mehola ya go fapana (go akaretswa tsa go dira meriana, tsa go

raka dikhunkhwane le tsa mehola e mentshi) tsweletsong ya merogo le dienywa ngwaga ka moka. Se

se dirwa go netefatsa goba gona ga dijo tsa phepo, go kaonafatsa go thibela dikhunkhwane,

malwetsi, ngwang le go fokotsa thlokego ya dijo ka baka la go hwa ga dimela.

Kgetho ya dimela e ithekgile godimo ga tse di latelago:

-Gore o kgone go buna dijo tseo di ka shomishwago ka gae go tswa ka serapaneng ngwaga ka moka.

Se se ra gore go tseparela/hlokomela dimela/merogo yeo e ka bunwago lebaka le letelele, bjale ka ya

matlakala a matala, lethise ya matlakala le nyala ya mosega o hloga le go se tseparegele go dimela tsa

go swana le khabeshe le dinyala tsa segwere tseo di letwago lebaka le letelele di sa tsweletse dijo.

-Dimela tsa go huma ka vitamin ya A; bjale ka merego ya matlakala a bo tala bja bo tebileng (bjale ka

sepeneshe, mokgaripa, raepe le kheile), dikherotse, merogo ya setso e metala (bjale ka thepe le

matlakala a mphodi/ dithaka) le dihepo (bjale ka phasili).

-Dimela tsa go raka dikhunkwane bjale ka khorienda, kaliki, le dihepo tse dingwe go swana le rousemeri

(rosemary) le thyme.

-Dimela tsa medu ya dinkokoma le megoro ya go huma ka diphoroteine bjale ka dinawa, diponkisi le

dithenepo (turnips).

-Dimela tsa go gola ngwaga kamoka tsa mehola ya go fapana bjale ka wormwood, lemongrass,

bulbinella le mahlakantsha(comfrey).

-Matsoba a go swana le sepatsana (marigolds) le calendula.

Ka go fitishisha, tlhlokomelo e bewa go go se beye dimela tsa legoro le tee mmogo mo mpeteng o

tee, se se dirwa go fokotsa go phatlalala ga ,malwetsi, le pakishamo ya dijo go tswa mobung. Ka fao

ditamati, dipirintsele (brinjals), matapola le phepha (pherefere ya go se babe) ga di bjalwe mmogo,

dimela tsa legoro le tee tseo di bitswago brassicas bjale ka khabetshe(cabbage), porokholi (broccoli),

kholifolawa (cauliflower) le Kheile( kale), goba dimela tsa legoro le go bitswa (chards) bjale ke

sepenetshe le peteruti le tsona ga di bjalwe mmogo.

Go fetolafetola dimela go dirwa go fetola dimela tsa go hloka phepo ya godimo (go tswa mohung)

bjale ka khabetshe, ka tsa go hloka phepo ya tlase bjale ka sepenetshe le lletshisi, goba ka mokgwa

wa go tlwaelega wa go fetolafetola wa matlakala/mahlare – medu/medi – dimela tsa dinkokoma ka

medung – dienywa.

Dikhalentara tsa go lema di dirwa go lebeletswe go swanela ga lefelo (go lema semela seo se itsego)

le maemo a leratadima. Ka tlase ke khalentara ya go lema yeo e dirilwego le batseakarolo go tswa

Limpopo (yeo e itemogelago marega a go ruthela le selemo sa go fisha. KwaZulu-Natal le Eastern

Cape fao marega a lego magareng goya go gotonya, dikhalentara tsa go tlwaelega di sa shomishega.

TIRAGATSO

-Ka dirapaneng, ka mashemong a magolo

-Lefelo la bonnyane bja seripa se tee go tse lesome go sa heketare goya go bogolo bja

diekere tse pedi (<0,1ha, 0,1-1ha, >2ha)

-Go bitsa masheleng a tlase (peu le dimela), didiritshwa di hwetsega ka bo kgauswi

-Go moroba go dira

MagdelinaMalepe (Sedawa),

sepatsana (marigolds), thyme,

parsley, sepenetshe le kheil(kale)

Christina Thobejane (Sedawa) –

lehea, matanta, tamati, kheile(kale)

le sepatsana(marigolds)

Phumelele Hlongwane (Ezibomvini)

– peterute, mokgwaripa, nyala ya

mosega o hloga le phasili

Alex Makgopa (Sedawa)- nyala

ya mosega o hloga, sepenetshe,

kherotse le se

atsana

Mrs Mcanyana (Gobizembe) –

porokholi, Chinese cabbage,

sepenetshe, khorienta le

sepatsanamarigolds

Mpetana ya go epiwa wa go bjalwa

ka hlakahlakantsha di hepe with a

mixture of herbs – fenele, khorienta,

phasili le kaliki

5.3 GO FETOLAFETOLA DIMELA

Go fetolafetola dimela ke tsela ye bohlokwa ya go hlokomela dirapana le mashemo a magolo. Go

fetolafetola dimela go fokotsa dikhunkhwane le malwetsi gwa aga mobu le tikologo, gwa laola le go

tswa ga dijo tsa dimela mobung mola go kaonafatsa maphelo a mobu.

Shoma ka go fetolafetola dimela ga

bonnyane bja mengwaga e meraro (3) ka

mashemong a magolo. Mohlala, ke lehea

(semela sa go hloka phepo ya godimo) se

fetolwa ka motswako wa dimela tsa go

khupetsa mobu (bjale ka sanehempe,

leotsa le sonoropolomo (dimela tsa go

hloka phepo ya tlase) tsona tsa fetolwa ka

dimela tsa dinkokoma ka medung (bjale ka

diponkisi, dinawa le dikolokoto)

Shoma ka dihla tse tharo goya go tse nne

(3-4) tsa go fetolafetola dimela ka

serapeng sa go tsweletsa merogo. Mokgwa o tee ke go latelela tatelano yeo e latelago ka morago ga

go epa molete/motseletsele wa tshela podishwa (compost): Dienywa, Mahlare/matlakala, Medu,

dimela tsa dinkokoma ka medung, medu ya dinkokoma

5.4 MOKGWA WA THLAGO WA GO LAOLA DIKHUNKHWANE LE MALWETSI

mokgwa wa thlago wa go laola dikhukhwane le malwetsi ka gare ga sisitimi ya ka gae ya go tsweletsa

dijo e agilwe ka thlakathlakantso ya ditsela goba ditsejana tse nne tseo di latelago,

¾kaonafatso ya go nona ga mobu, maphelo a mobu, go swara meetse ga mobu, dimela tseo di

phetsego gabotse, go shomiwa ka kakanyo ya gore dimela tseo di babjang/lwalago di

ganelelwa ke malwetsi le dikhunkhwane

¾Go hlakahlakantsha dimela le seemo sa serapana; go fokotsa bontshi bja dikhunkwane le

malwetsi ao a hwetswago fao go lengwago dimela tsa mohuta o tee, go fokotsa le kgonagalo

ya phetetsano le go fetelwa ga bedi ka go tlosha dimela tseo di lwalago (ka thlokomelo) le go

tlosha digola tsa dikhunkhwane. Le ka go hlohleletsa go ba gona ga diphofotswana tsa go

iphepa ka dikhunkhwane (bjale ka mekgaritswane) le dinosi tseo e lego mekgwa ya thlago ya

go fedisha dkhunkhwane tseo di tlwaelegilego ka dirapaneng.

¾Go bjala dimela tsa mehola e mentshi; bobedi tsa sehla ka sehla goba tsa goya goile, go

akaretsa dimela tsa go ba le ditlabelo tsa go laola dikhunkhwane le malwetsi. Tsona di

akaretsa; go fa mohlala:

oMatsoba/mapolomo a go swana le sepatsana (marigolds) le khalendula (calendula)

oDihepo (herbs) tsa go swana le laventa (lavender), Rousemeri (rosemary), Khorienda

(coriander) phasili (parsley),thaeme (thyme), fenele (fennel), peisele (basil), rokete (rocket),

bjang bya swiri (lemon grass) lekaliki ya mahlare (garlic chives);

oDimela tsa go dira meriana go swana le wemowote (wormwood) pulepane (bulbine)

lepalpanela (bulbinella), kgopa, mahlakantsha(comfrey) le botshashabogope (stinging nettle);

oMehlare ya dikonkokoma ka medung go swana le sesepenia sasepene (Sesbania sesban)

moringa, disakwana (pigeon pea) le meshwana/meoka(Acacia spp).

¾Go dira dibidishwa/ teye tsa goba le ditlabelwa tsa go laola malwetsi le dikhunkhwane. ke

mekgwa ya go tlwaelega ya ka gae go apea/dira diteye,yona e akaretsa gohlakantsha

pherefere ya go baba, kaliki ya segwere, nyala ya segwere le sesepa sa llofo (go laola

dikhukhwane tsa mebele ye menanana bjale ka matlae (aphids)) parafene le nyala ya

segwere (go laola dikhunkhwane tsa goba le sekhakha se se thata, go swana le tsie le

manphushaboloko le mapolare (go laola fela, le dikwakwa tseo di sa hlabegego

moroba/bonolo ebile di tlala lefolo), le ge gole bjale go sana le mekgwa ye mengwe e mentshi

TIRAGATSO

-Ka serapaneng,le ka mashemong a magolo

-Lefelong la bonnyane bja seripa se tee go tse lesome sa heketere goya go heketare e tee (<0,1ha, 0,1-

1ha)

-Go bitsa masheleng a tlase, didirishwa di hwetsega ka bo kgauswi

-Go hlokega matsogo a malwa goya go a magareng le tsebo ya go tsenelela

Thlokomelo ya serapana ya go tsenelela; thlokomelo ya meetse le mobu, dimela

tsa go fapafapana, thlakantsho ya dimela tsa sehla ka sehla le tsa goya goile

Diji tsa dikhukhwane- di laola

dikhunkhwane ka go dija le go bea mae

Kudu ya peu ya go agega bjale ka

morithi – go swana le ya nyala di

etsa

tsa

ikh

nkw

bja

Pest control brews; soap chilli garlic mixes,

paraffin and onions mixes – for soft bodied

insects Mari

olds

rotect a

ainst root knot nematodes

1.KONOFOLO /kaliki (Garlic) – Mohlala

MEKGWA YEO E LATELWAGO

Ripelela digwere tse nnyane/digweshana ka bosese (segwere se tee se se golo,goba tse pedi tsa

magareng) di inele ka gare ga mahwana a mabedi a mannyane a makhura a go apea letsatsi le tee,

goba matsatsi a mabedi ka gare ga parafene. Shomisha sebjana sa galase, e sego kotikoti.

Hlakantsha le seripa sa litara e tee ya meetse a sesepa gomme o sefe.Tswakantsha karolo e tee ya

motswako le dikarolo (tsa go lekana le yona) tse lesome tsa meetse pele o fokela dimeleng. Shikinya

gabotse pele o fokela.

TSEO DI NYAKWAGO (TARGETS)

DiKhunkwane ka kakaretso:menang, strainara tsa katune, matlae, dintshi, diboko,

dikgofa/masekane, ditsoshi, beetles, ditsie, khukhwane ya go bitsodiamond back moths, false codling

moths, grubs, dimaete (mites), ya go bora diperekisi (peach borers) le magoro/motlhwa.

Mouta (Fungi): dintho tsa dieywa (Scab), bo sehla bja matlakala (mildew), dintho tsa matlakala a

dinawa goba diponkisi (bean rust) le dintho/le go hunyapana ga tamati (tomato blight).

Alethaneria (Alternaria) – ro bola ga enywa, go omelela ga matlakala (early blight), go swag a

matlakala gag ole a nnyala ka godimo le ka mathoko (purple blotch), dipatso mo matlakaleng (leaf

spot).

Sekhosepora (Cercospora) – go bola ga matlakala a go oma ka go dira boshweu, (leaf mould),

dipatso mo matlakaleng (leaf spot), go omelela ga matlakala (early blight), dintho tsa go swana le

leihlo la segwagwa moo matlakaleng (frog-eye).

Kholeketothrikhamo (Colletotrichurn) - dipatso mo matlakaleng (leaf spot), go swa le go hunyapana

ga matlakala mo mafelelong (anthracnose), go bola ga dienywa (fruit rot), go bofega ga kutu

(smudge).

Dipaketheria(Bacteria): Xanthomonas spp.

Seboko le serurubele

were tsa kaliki/konofolo

Go lolwa ga mahlare ya setroperi ke

Xanthomonas campestris

Dika tsa bolwetsi bja go bitswa anthracnose (e

hlotse ke Colletotrichum

)

o en

a ca

sicum

5.5 THLOKOMELO YA NGWANG YA GO TSENELELA

ngwang ke dimela, bobedi tsa sehla ka sehla le tsa goya

goile,tseo dimelago le go gola ka golokologa ka mashemong le ka

dirapaneng, di phenkgishanetsa dijo, sekgoba le meetse le dimela

tse dingwe.

Mebu ya go fapana le leratadima; mekgwa ya go lema le go

hlagola e ka ra gore mabakeng a mantshi ngwang oa iketla gwa

ba boina go emeletsana le wona. Bjale ka mohlala; sehlwa le

sedges di ithatela mobu wa letsopa la godimo, di ka thopa lefelo

ge dihlagolwa fela ka go okola ka godimo ka mogoma/ letsepe.

Ngwang o ikgodisha le go ikoketsa ka medu yeo elego ka tlase ga

mobu.

ngwang wa go gola ka maatla wa sehla ka sehla bjale ka

motshakgatshagane/ moshiitsi le thepe o thopa lefelo ge ngwang

wa go hwetswa goya mafelelong a sehla o hlagolwa, bjale ka ge

di dira peu e ntshi, yeo e kgonago go phela nako ye telele.

Thlokomelo ya ngwang yeo e tseneletsego e akaratsa mekgwa

ya go balega go swana le lebopo la mobu leo le kaonafetsego le

maphelo a mobu, go khupetswa ga mobu, dimela tsa go

khupetsa mobu, go fetolafetola dimela le go go bjala dimela

kgauswi le kgauswi. Gape e akaretsa le mekgwa ya go

shomisha, megoma/matsepe,le tshefi/mpholo ya go laola

ngwang. Go dira podishwa le gona go bolaya ngwang ge go

dirwa gabotse, go ka fokotsa peu ya ngwang yeo e hwetswago

tikologong. Go hlagola morago moo sehleng go bohlokwa kudu, ka ge go fokotsa bontshi bja peu ya

ngwang wa sehla ka sehla.

TIRAGATSO

-Ka dirapaneng le ka mashemong a magolo

-Lefelong la bogolo bja ka tlase ga seripa se tee go tse lesome sa heketare goya go heketare e tee

(<0,1ha, 0,1-1ha)

-Go bitsa masheleng a tlase; didirishwa di hwetsega ka bo kgauswi,

-Go hlokega matsogo a malwa goya go a magareng le tsebo ya go tsenelela

Tshemo yeo tlegogo sehlwa –ka lebaka la go ekola

ka godimo ge go hlagolwa

Pholoto ya lehea la go hlakana le diponkisi, fao

ngwang o bekishago dimela

Go dira podishwa(compost) go bolaya ngwang ebile ke tsela e

botse

o kaunafatsa morole

(

o oketsa bolen

a ona

)

Go bjala kgauswi le kgauswi le go hlakahlakanya dimela go shireletsa

kgahlanong le ngwang – ka hlakoring la nnyele ke lehea leo le

hlagolelwago ga nyane, mola ka hlakoring la go ja ke lehea lo le bjetswego

kgauswi le kgauswi (leo le bjetswego ka nako e tee) bobedi a hlagolelwa

go swana

ka tlase ke mobu wa letswai, (ka godimo tsogong la nnyle,ke thepe)

fao mobu o nonnego empa ona le lebopo le lebe, moshiitsi (ka

odimo ka

o la

)

e k

ona

o tsea di

abtse mobun

Sedges le sehlwa, go botsha go sena le moya wa go lekanale ka

mobu

, ka lebaka la

o kitela

a mobu le lebo

o le lebe la mobu

5.6 LEFELO LA GO TSWELATSA DIMELANA LE GO BJALA

Lefelo le lennyane la ka gae la go tsweletsa dimelana (tsa merogo, dihepo le dienywa) le dimela tsa

mehola e mentshi (dimala tsa go dira meriana, le tsa go laola dikhunkwane) go tswa go peu,

dipathana, go arosha, digwere le medu, le bohlokwa go netefatseng gore gobagona ga dimala tsa go

fapafapana ka serapaneng.Ga go hlokege didirishwa tsa go ikgetha, ntle le mobu/podishwa yeo go ka

bjalelwago go yona, mekotlana ya go bjalela goba ditherei tsa go bjalela, mafelo a,a ka dirwa ka tlase

ga morithi wa mohlare ka gae.

Mepete ya dimelana e dirwa gore e ye fase ka disenthimitara tsa magareng ga tse 30 le 60 gomme

ya tshelwa podishwa e ntshi (podishwa le morole),e swanetse e direlwe morithi go direla gore peu e

phele e thapila (e seke ya thapa kudu) ka nako ya ge e thunya goba e sa thoma go gola. Mafelo a go

tsweletsa dimelana a go shomisha ditherei tsa dimelana a hloka thlokomelo e kgolo ebile go boima go

dira bjalo ka mokgwa wa thlago. Go moroba go bjala dimelana mobung,wa bjalolla o bjala go tswa

fao.

TIRAGATSO

- Ka dirapapeng

-Lefelo la ka tlase ga serapa se tee go tse lesome sa heketare (<0,1ha)

-Go bitsa masheleng a godingwana (peu, dimela, dibjana), didirishwa di hwetsega ka

bokgauswi ,

-Go hlokega matsogo a go lebana

Tsweletso ya dimelana mpetaneng wa podiswa (compost) yeo e

lekanetsego wa goba le morithi wa polasitiki go shireletsa dimelana

Moago wago dirwa ka lesaka wa go

tsweletsa dimalana tsa merogo le dihepe

Dipafo le dikotlelo le

tsona dika shomishwa:

di ka shothishwa

moroba

Dimelana tsa moba le dimango tsa go

tsweletswa lelwang la go tswletsa dimelana

Lefelo le lennyane la ka gae lago tswelatsa dimelana, ka

tlase ga morithi wa mohlare, go tsweletswa dienywa,

mehlare ya mehola e mentshi mehlashana la dihepe. Fa

go bjatswe dimango le moringa

5.7 GO BOLOKA PEU

Go boloka peu ke mokgwa woo tlwaelegilego baleming ba mashegwana empa o ya le go sesefala.

Dipeu di bewa ngwaga goya go woo latelago ka tlase ga maemo a mabe ao balemi ba kopanetsanago

le wona, bontshi bja balemi ba bontshitse gore ba lahlegetse ke bontshi bja dipeu tseo ba bego ba di

boloka.

Bontshi bja balemi ba reka peu ba lema ba festsa ba leka go boloka peu go tswa go dimela tsa peu

yeo e rekilwego, se se ra gore peu ya setso ea timelela. Go boloka peu go bohlokwa kudu, go thusha

le go netefatsa gore peu ya dimela tsa setso/ selegae ga e timelele ruri. Balemi ba ithatela mehuta ya

dipeu ya setso tseo di kgonago go emeletsana le maemo a leratadima la tikologo, dikhunkhwane le

malwetsi. Tse dingwe tsa dikarolwana tseo di swanetsego go elwa hloko ge go bolokwa peu ke tse di

latelago:

Go bohlokwa go hlohleletsa gobagona ga diphedi goba dikhunkhane tsa go phatlalatsa peu (bjale ka

dinosi), o ka dira seo ka go bjala mehutahuta ya dimela tsa go tsweletsa matsoba le go netefatsa

gofapafapana ga dimela ka gare le go rarela serapana goba tshemo, le go fokotsa tshomisho ya shefi

ya go bolaya dikhunkhwane.

Boloka peu go tswa fela go dimela tseo di phetsego gabotse ebile di none. Le ka mohla, o seke wa

boloka peu go tswa go dimela tseo di tsweleditsego peu pele ga nako

¾Kgetha dimela tsa magareng tse diselelago (6) goya go tse masomepedinne (24) ge o boloka peu

¾Le ka mohla, o seke wa boloka peu go tswa go dimela tseo di bontshago goba le malwetsi

¾Peu e swanetse go butswa ebe e ome ele semeleng nako ye telele ka moo go kgonegago

¾Dimela tseo di kgonago go amogela bonna/peu go tswa dimeleng tse dingwe ga bonolo (go swana le

dimela tsa legoro le tee le khabeshe (motshofabeke), lehea, pherefere, pherefere ya go baba,

mafodi/dithaka goba marotse le llethise bjale le bjale) di swanelwa ke go aroganywa go shomishwa

sekgoba, nako goba di dirrishwa tsa go khupetsa

TIRAGATSO

-Ka dirapaneng le ka mashemong a magolo,

-Lefelong la bogolo bja ka tlase ga seripa se tee go tse lesome sa ekere/mmorogo goya go ekere tse

pedi le go feta (<0,1ha, -0,1-1ha, >2ha)

-Go bitsa masheleng a tlase, didirishwa di hwetsega ka bo kgauswi

-Go direga moroba, lege go hlokega matsogo a go lebana le tsebo yeo e tseneletsego

Serepana sa go tsweletsa peu, le meago ya go khupetsa,

le dimela tse 6 –24 tsa mehutahuta tseo go bolokwago

peu go tswa go tsona, dimela tsa magoro ao a fananego

di bjalwa

Lehea le dulafatswa ka letsogo gore

go tle go kgethwe peu

Mohlare wa pherefere woo o ppipilwego

ka okwana

ore

eu etle ebe

ona

Matsoba le dimela tsa go hlohleletsa go

thothwa ga peu; ke dinose, dirurubele,

ale le b

ale

Dipholineitha di

rata matsoba a

fapanafapana!!

5.7.1 TOKISHO YA PEU LE GO BOLOKWA PEU

Ka kakaretso, peu e hloka go dula e fodile, leswiswing elibe e omile gore e dule e iketlile nako e telele

ka moo go kgonegago. Ge peu e bolokilwe ka tlase ga maemo ao monola le phisho di

fetegafetogago, e lahlgelwa ke bokgoni bja go thunya goba go mela ka pela. Ka tlase ke tse malwa

tsa dinthla tse bohlokwa tsa mekgwa ya go boloka peu e mekaone:

¾Monola; peu e swara monola go tswa moeng. Peu e bolokwa foa monola o lego ka tlase ga diperesente

tse lesome (<10%) fao go omilego ebile go sa tsene moya.

¾Phema go shomisha dipotlana le dibjana polasitiki

¾Seetsa se fokotsa bophelo bja peu; boloka peu ka gare ga sebjana sa mmala wa go teba goba ka

ntlong ya go hloka seetsa. Leswiswi le bohlokwa ka mehla

¾Dithemperatshara/ phisho; peu e dula lebaka le letelele fao go tonyago, efela e sebe go tonyago gwa go

omeletsa/gatsetsa

¾Dipeu tsa go swana le ya tamati le khukhampa di apeshitse ke mamilana ao a shitishago gore di mele.

Mamilana ao a hloka gore a tloshwe pele gage peu e bolokwa goba e bjalwa. Mamilana a ka bedishwa

ka meetse le swikiri gomme peu ya pulwa ka meetse ya festsa ya omishwa

¾Silica gel e ka somishwa go omisha peu le go fetelela

¾Peu e ka tshelwa molora, kalaka le butswana bja matlakala/mahlare a go omishwa (bjale ka kgopa) go

thibela phehli.

Bophelo bja peu bo

oketsega ga bedi go

peresente engwe le

engwe e tee ya go

fokotsega ga monola

Shomisha silicon ntsha

monola/meetse peung le molora

boloka peu ya go oma

Ntlwana ya go boloka peu; foa peu e

omishwago, mekotlana ya pampiri le

mapotlelo a galase

Boloka peu ka gare ga mopotlelo a galase

Peu ya tamati le gooseberry di a bedishwa pele di bolokwa

oba di b

alwa

Boloka peu le dithaka/marotse

lefolong la go tonya, la go

oma

fao

o sa tsene

o seetsa

Bophelo bja peu bo

oketsega bedi ga

phisho e fokotsega

ka ditikirisi tse hlano

(

5ºC

)

5.8 TSWELETSOYADIENYWA

Go tsweletsa mehuta ya dienywa tsa go fapana magaeng, tseo di butswago nakong e kgolo ya

ngwaga, ke karolo ye bohlokwa ya thlakathlakano ya dimela

le boitlamelo. Dienywa di ka tsweletswa go tswa go peu,

kutu, modu/medi, go aroganywa ga sehlopana sa dimela e

go kgomaretsa godimo ga semela se sengwe. Dihlare

/Mehlare ya dienywa e bjalwa ka gare ga melete ya mobu

wa go nona le goya tlase, e hloka go noshetshwa/tsheletswa

ga golo ge sale e mennyane. E hloka go tshireletswa

kgahlanong le moya, e swanetse go thenelwa sehleng sa

marega (mehlare ya go swana le ya diperekisi, dipolamose le

diapola) goba e thenelwa gore e tshweletse dienywa tse

ntshi (mehlare yeo e phelago ele tala go swana le mehlare

ya legoro le tee le menamone, dimango le dikotapene goba

diobakhathe). Metswako ya go dirwa ka dilo tsa thlago e ka

shomishwa go laola dikhunkhwane (go swana le, diboko,

ditshoshi, sepsagapsaga le magoro) le malwetsi mehlareng.

Mehuta ya go fapana ya dienywa emela/bjalwa ditikologong tsa go fapana goya ka seemo sa

leratadima. Ga gologolo, gona le mehuta ya hloka sehla sa marega sa go tonya (dienywa tsa fao

selemo se fishago gomme marega a tonya), bjale ka diapola, dipiere, dipolamose, diterebe le

diperekisi, gape gona le le dienywa tseo di sa kgonego go kgotlelela marega a go tonya kudu, bjale

ka dimango, dipanana, diabakhato le dilitshi. Mehlare ya legoro le tee le menamone e kgona go

kgotlelela phisho le go tonyo go go fapafapanego, efela e hloka go noshetswa/ tsheletswa.

TIRAGATSO

-Ka dirapaneng le ka mashemong a magolo a mehlare

-Lefelong la bogolo bja ka tlase ga seripa se tee go tse lesome sa ekere/mmorogo goya go ekere tse

pedi le go feta (<0,1ha, -0,1-1ha, >2ha

-Go bitsa masheleng a ka godingwana (dipeu le dimela), didirishwa di hwetsega ka bo kgauswi

-Go hlokega matsogo a go lebana le tsebo yeo e tseneletsego

Shomisha metsoko ya thlago bjale ka pyrethrum, oli ya

dimenerale le lime sulphur. Shomisha butswana bja go

bjala mehlare ka phata/kutu

Go tsheletswa mehlare ya

dinamome, sekgotlotswana

se swara meetse ka bontshi

Mehlare ya ditamati yeo e bjetswego ka peu e humile ka

(vitamin C) e enya magareng ga kgwedi March goya go

kgwedi ya May, ka nako yeo dienywa di tlokegago

Mehlare ya dikurunate, diobakathe

dimango le ditamati e bjalwa ka peu

Tshomisho ya dikgotlotswana, go

agelatsa meetse a pula

Selaga ya maitirelo ya go rea dintshi go

shomishwa namone, panama le meetse

Bjala mehlare ka gare ga melete ya go ya

fase ya go tlatswa ka podishwa (compost);

dira sekgotlotswana sa go noshetsa o fetse o

khupetse mobu

5.9 DIMANGOTSAGOTSWELETSWAKA MOKGWAWATHLAGO

Dimango di kgotlelela dihla tse boina, di mela/gola gabotse mafelong a marega a go tonya le selomo

sa go ruthela goya go sa go fishi. Go na le mehuta ya sekgweng/nageng yeo e melago gabotse ge e

bjetswe ka peu. Mehuta ya sebjalebjale yeo e bjalwago ka mokgwa wa go kgomaretsa godimo ga

mehlare e mengwe (crafting) e bjalelwa

bogolo, goba monate, le go hloka digare ga

yona. Fao go hlokegago mahlogedi a maswa

a kgomaretswa mehlareng yeo e kgotlelela

maemo a mabe goba medu ya mehlare yeo e

sa ganelelwego ke malwetsi. Mehlala ya

maina a mehuta yeo e tlwaelegilego

matsatsing a lehono ke e elatelego, Keit,

Kent, Shelley le Tommy Atkins. Mehuta ye, e

rekishwa bjale ka dienywa, juse, dimango tsa

go omitshwa goba letlalo la dienywa (fruit

leather).

Ka tlase ke; malibisha a malwa a go bjala

mehlare ya dimango ka mokgwa wa thlago:

-Dira positshwa dikgwedi tse nne (4)

goya go tse tshela (6) pela ga ge o

bjala mehlare

-Bjala mehlare yeo o sa tswago go e

hwetsa ka sehla sa seruthwane ka

gare ga melete ya bophara bja (60 cm) le botelele bja (60 cm) o shomisha motswako wa

poditshwa, mobu, kalaka (lime) le morole wa go dirwa ka marapo a go oma (bone meal). Dira,

goba aga sekgotlotswana sa go notsetsa/ tsheletsa go rarela mohlare, ofe dikhupetsa mabu

(bjale ka bjang).

-Podishwa e oketswa ngwaga ka ngwaga ka morago ga ge mehlare o thomile go enya

dienywa

-Go thenela go dirwa ngwaga ka ngwaga ka morago ga ge mohlare o thomile go enya, se se

netefatse gore mohlare o phela o bulegile, moo dienywa di hwetsago mahlasedi a letsatsi

-Mehlare e mennyane e hloka dilitara tse 20 goya go tse 40 tsa meetse ka beke

DINYAKWA

-Pula ya dimilimitara tsa ka godimo gat se lekgolotharo-masomehlano ka ngwaga (>350mm/year)

-Dithemperetshara tsa ditikirisi tsa ka godimo ga tse hlano (>5°C)

-Go lekelelana ga lefelo ga magareng

-Mobu wa mohuta ofe goba ofe

-Go tsheletsa/noshetsa, didirishwa le meetse a go tsheletsa dia hlokega

DIRAGATSO

-Ka dirapaneng le ka mashemong a magolo a mehlare

-Lefelong la bonnyanne bja seripa se tee go tse lesome sa ekere/mmorogo goya go ekere e tee (<0,1ha,

0,1- 1ha)

-Go bitsa masheleng a ka godingwana, didirishwa di hwetsega ka bo kgauswi mola tse dingwe di sa

hwetsege ka bo kgauswi, Go hwetswa mehlare ya mehuta ya sebjalebjale

-E hlokomelega bonolo, efela go hlokega bokgoni/tsebo yeo e tseneletsego

Boleng bja dienywa tsa mango bo godishwa ka go dira jusi le

go di omisha

Mango woo thomago go hloga ka leswa ka

morago ga gore o thenelwe, podishwa e tshetswe

ka sekgotlotswaneng sa go tsheletsa gomme

wa khu

etswa ke mahlare a

o oma

Tshemo ya mehlare ya dimango ya molemi-

potlana wa Limpopo, e lekolwa ke molaudi

wa man

o estate

Mohlare wo mogolo/ wa kgale o a

thenelwa, wa tshelwa podishwa, wa ba wa

elwa sek

otlotsana sa

o noshetsa

o o

6 KAKARETSOYA LERUOKAMASHEMONG

Gona le dikarolo tsa thlokomelo ya leruo/diruiwa tseo di gatago mehlaleng e tee le tsa thlokomelo ya

dimela goba bolemi bja go thlago/ bja go netefatsa nyalelano ya dilo tsa ka mashemong.

Mo seripeng se, re leka go kwishisha, mekgwa ya go oketsa le go kaunafatsa mafulo/ le dijo tsa

diruiwa

-GOLEMAKAGOGOBANYAMEHLARELEDIMELATSENNYANE

Mehlaree swametswa ka garegabolemiyadimela ka mekgwa yeo e latelago, ka nako yeotshemo e

letsegoba e salemiwa, ka go e bjalamagarenggadimela(mabakeng a mantshi ka meraladi).

Mehlareyadijotsadiruiwabjale ka disakwane(pigonpea) meoka/meokana, meshwana, moringa le

Leauceanasppkeyona e tlwaelegilego gore e lemiwe le dimelatsennyane.

DINYAKWA

-Pula yadimilimitaratsa ka godimogatselekgolotharo-

masomehlano ka ngwaga (>350mm/year)

- Dithemperetsharatsaditikirisitsa ka godimogatsehlano

(>5°C)

-Go lekelelanagalefegogadiperesentetsamagarengya tee

fegelwanahlanogoya go tselesomehlano (1,5-15%)

- Mobuwamohutaofegobaofe

TIRAGTSO

-Ka dirapaneng le kemashemong a magolo

-Lefelong la bogolobja ka tlasegaseripa se tee go tselesomesaekere/mmorogogoya go ekeretsepedi le

go feta(<0,1ha, -0,1-1ha, >2ha)

-Go bitsamasheleng a godingwana(peu ledimpsane/dimelana), didirishwa di hwetsega ka bokgauswi

-Go hlokegamatsogo a go lebana

Pudi e fulamehlare

adisakwane

eon

eas

)

Morin

a o b

etswe ka mereladi ka tshen

wanen

Legora la mehlareyaLeaucena, e bjetswe le diponkisi (ka

pele) le lehea (ka mogaro)

MohlarewaSesbania o b

atsweb

ale ka le

ora ka tshemon

Mehlalaya go bjalamehlaremafelong a go ema ka gofapana

6.1 GOLEMAMEHLARE,DIMELALEBJANG LEFEONGLETEE

Mokgwawagohlakantshamehlare, dimela le bjanglefelong le tee o shomishwa go

godishwatsweletsoyalefelo.Mokgwa woo akeretsamekgwana yeo e lateago:

-Go lemagadijo, dijotsadiruiwamagarenggameraladiyamehlare;go lemadimela/ mehlareya go

diradikgong/ dikgonyelegorenggobadibjalwa ka meraladimagarenggalegora la dimela.

Mehlareyadikgong/kgonye e bohlokwa go kaokafatsa go nonagamobu le

dimelatseodingwetseo dibjatswego le yona

-Tshomishoyadimela go fihlelelasetlogosalefelogobatshemo; mehlareyadikgonge a

bjalwayatlogelwa gore egole ka nako yeo tshemo e letse (e salemiwa). Mehlareyadikgong

ekaonafatsa go nonagamobu le bokgonibjamobubja go swarameetse.

-Serapanasa ka gae; thlakathlakanyoyamehlare le dimelatsa go

fapafapanagorarelamotse/legae go na le mehola e mentshiya go akaretsa, merithi, meriana,

dienywa le dijotsadiruiwa.

-Mehlareyameholaya go fapafapana ka garegatshemo; mehlareeatshwalalana,

gobayabeakanywagodimogametotolo, merako, mekero/diforogoba moo tshemo e felelago.

Mehlare ye e kgothwagoya ka go fotaetsadijotsamobung, go tsweletsadienywa, dikgong le

dijotsadiruiwa.

DIRAGATSO

-Dirapana, mashemo a magolo, diruiwa

-Lefelong la bogolebja ka tlasegaseripa se tee go tselesomesaekeregoya go ekere e tee

(<0,1ha, 0,1-1ha >1ha)

-Go bitsamasheleng a godingwana Medium cost (peu le dimela), didirishwa di hwetsega ka

bokgauswi,

-Go hlokegamatsogo a go lebana le tseo yeo e tseneletsego

Sasepenia sesepene le lehea di

bjetswe mmogo, KZN

Go bjatswe lehea ka morago ga

mengwaga e mebedi ya disakwane

Kaunafatso ya tshemo ya go lala, e

bjatswe disakwana ngwaga o tee,

KZN

Serapana sa ka gae,

Mhlabuyaligana,KZN; Thlakathlakanyo

ya dienywa, merogo le dimela tse

dingwe

Bjang bja phulo bo bjetswe ka gare ga

tshemo ya mehlare ya dikoko

Mehlashana ya dinkokoma ka medung e

aletswe

o fudisha diruiwa

6.2 GO FEPADIRUIWA LE PHEPOYATLALELETSO

Phuloyatlaleletsokemokgwawa go hlokomemaladiruiwa woo shomiswago go fa

diruiwadifepammelegobadijotseo di sahwetsegegomafulong. Se sebohlokwasehlengsamarega,

gegona le tlhokegoyaphulo, ebilebolengbjaphulobole tlase (mohlala, gebjang bona le

diporotheinetsatlase). Dikgethotsaphuloyatlaleletso di akaretsatse di latelago:

-Dijotsagoba le diporoteinetsadielabjale ka Voermol Premix 450 (lerole) le LS 33 (seela)

-Dithorole peu, bjale ka lehea le leroro/ mabelethoro a go shilwa, bjale le bjale

-Dimomanamonane; tsedimenerale le diporoteine

Phuloyatlaleletso e kaba le ka mokgwawabjanggobaphuloyamohuta wo mongwe. Se se ama go bjala/

lemabjangbjamehutaya goba le difepammeletsentshigobatsekaoubege go bapetswa le furuyeo elego

gona. Mehuta e mentshi e bjalwagofafuru ye tala yabolengbjagodimogoya go felenggamarega.

Mehlalayamehuta ye e akaretsa: Lucerne, fodder rye, black (saia) oats, vetch, Teff, fodder radish,

Japanese radish, Kale, le turnips. Bjangbjoobophelagonako e telelebodulagobo le tala

lesehlengsamagerabjale ka Kikuyu le Tall fescue bo ka bakakanyo e botse.

Phepoyadiruiwatsennyanekemokgwa woo bonolowa go hlokomeladiruiwatsennyane ka go

dumalelamanamanephepoyatlaleletse a saanywa go tswakgomong. Manamane a

hwetsaphepoyatlaleletso ka se sebitswago “Creep” e lego go bulegagalegoragobakgorwanae kgologo

dumelelamanamane a fete mola e le enyane gore dikgomo di ka feta.

TIRAGATSO

- Diruiwa/ leruo

-Lefelong la bogolobja ka godimogaekere e tee (1-1ha >1ha)

-Go bitsamasheleng a godingwana,Didirishwa di hwetsega ka bokgauswi

-Go hlokegamatsogo a go lebana le tsebo yeo e tseneletsego

Dijotsaphuloyatlaleletsotsa go dirwa ka matlakala a

o oma a Sesbaniasesban

lehealeswai

Mohlalawakgorwanaya go dumelalamanamane go tswamola

e thilebadikgomotsekgolo go tswa

Go bjala ka go fetafetanaga vetch le

Saia oats ka garegatshomoyalehea

Dimonamonanetsaporoteinetsa go itirela ka gaetseo di nago le, urea protein

meal, mothopowaphosphorous ,meetse, se samente le leswai le lennyane

6.3 GO FEPA/FODISHA KA SEPARENG/LESHAKENG LE GO DIRAFURU

Go fuditsetsa ka leshakenggabotse go ra gore go ripawarwala (bjang/furu) waishetsaleruo ka

leshakeng, se sethibelatshenyo yeo e ka hlolagokediruiwa ka tshemonggape le go

netefatsaphepoyagodimo.

furu le dijotsadiruiwatseo di

omishitswego, e ka dirwa ka

bjangbjahlageng/ lefokeng,mehuta

yeo e ikgethiltegobjale kalucerne,

dinawa, mabelethoro/ lerorobjale le

bjale,gobamashaledi a

dimelagobadithlaka.

Gobalemipotlana, disherefetsafuru

di ka dirwa go

somishwadidiritshwatsamatsogo.

TIRAGATSO

- Diruiwa

-Lefelong la bogolobja ka godimogaekere e tee (1-1ha >1ha)

-Go bitsamasheleng a godingwana,Didirishwa di hwetsega ka bokgauswi

-Go hlokegamatsogo a go lebana le tsebo yeo e tseneletsego

Sherefeya Lucerne SherefeyabjangbjaEragrostisTeff

Sedirishwa sa matsogo sa go dira disherefe, fa, go shomishitswe bjang bja lefokeng

Go fodishetswa ka shakeng/ setaliking

Mashaledi a dimela tsa dinkokoma

medung

Dithlaka tsa lehea

6.4 GOFUDISHAKAMOKGWAWAGOSHIETSA

Bjangbjobojegagogebofushishwa ka go fitishisha, be fetsa be felelakemaatlabjatimelela,

kemokabjangbja go se jegebjaemphalefelo. Go bolokatsweletseyamafelo a go mela bjang, go

bohlokwa gore karolomafulo e

khutshishwesehlasa go tlala gore

bjangbobogole. Se sedumelelabjang gore

bobolokedifepammele ka medung/meding

le go dira gore bjangbo be le phepo. Ge

maemo a dumela, seripa se tee go tsenne

se swanetse go

khutsitswamengwangemegwe le emegwe

e mene. Go bohlokwa gore

baruibashomemmogo go tla le lenanego

la go khutsishamafelo a go fuditsadiruiwa.

TIRAGATSO

- Diruiwa

-Lefelo la diekeretsa ka godimoga

e tee (>1ha)

- Go bitsamasheleng a

godingwana, didirishwa di

hwetsega ka bokgauswi

-Go hlokegamatsogo a go lebana le tseo yeo e tseneletsego

Lefelo le fudishitswe ka go fitishishamathomong a sehla –

bjangkebjobokopana, go bonagala le kgogolegoyamobu

Mafelelong a sehla, lefelo la go hlokomelwagabotse; gona le

bjangbjobontshibjobohubedu (Themedatriandra), bobonagala

ka mmalawadihlogotsadipeu.

Bjangboapeshitselefaseebilegona le mehutahutayabjang.