Deliverable 7 - AgriSI Intensive Homestead Food Production Farmer Handouts

AgriSI Intensive Homestead Food

Production

Farmer Handouts sePedi

Table of Contents

MEKGWA YA THLAGO YA GO KAONAFATSA MAPHELO LE GO NONA GA MOBU (Natural

methods for improving soil health and fertility)................................................ 2

MEKGWA YA GO KAONAFATSA GO NONTSHA GA MOBU (Methods of improving soil

fertility) ...............................................................................................10

MOROLE WA MEETSE (Liquid Manure)...........................................................18

PEYAKANYO YA MEPETANA KA NEPO YA KAONAFATSA GO NONA GA MOBU (Bed design

for soil improvement)...............................................................................22

MEPETANAYA MASWIKA (Keyhole gardens) .....................................................28

SERAPANA SA KA LESAKENG LE SA GODIMO (Bag and tower gardens)…………………………. 41

MOKGWA WA HLAGO WA GO LAOLA DIKHUNKHUNYANA LE MALWETSI (Natural Pest and

Disease Control) ......................................................................................38

TLHOKOMELO YA MEHLARE (Pest Control for Fruit Trees) ..................................48

MATSENO A GO BOLOKA PEU (Introdcution to Seed Saving) .................................52

Small Scale Experimenatation Plan ................................................................................ 66

PADI YA MOLIMI (Soil)

MEKGWA YA THLAGO YA GO KAONAFATSA MAPHELO LE GO NONA GA

MOBU (Natural methods for improving soil health and fertility)

Mobu woo phelago

Mobu wo olego boemong bjo bobotse oa phela. O na le diphedi tseo diphelago kagare ga

ona. O ya fase, o boleta, o lemega bonolo mola o swara moya le meetse mo go ona.

Mobu wo o phelago o dirilwe ka dilo tse di latelago:

•Leshikaba (santa) yeo e lekanetsego, mobu wa magareng woo lekanetsego le letsopa

leo le lekanetsego, elego mehuta ya mabu

•Karolwana e nnyane ya dilo tseo di bolago, bjale ka matlakala, bjang, morole

•Dilo tseo di sa boleng, bjalo ka maswika le silica;

•Dimenerale bjale ka potassium;

•Moya le meetse;

Go tswa go:WHC Manual, WRC,

2010)

Diphidi tse nnyane : Tseo ke diphidi tse dinnyane tseo di

sa bonaleng ka mahlo,tseo di phelago mobung.

Di nontsha mobu ka go ja dilo tseo di bodilego,gomme tsa

di fetolela go dijo tsa dimela tseo di humilego. Diphidi tse

dinnyane bjalo ka dirurubele le diboko tse dingwe di

phela mo mobung. Ka ntle ga diphidi tse, medu ya

mehlare gae kgone go tolosha dijo gotswa mo mobung.

Mehuta ya mabu

Go ya ka mengwaga ge goeba dipula, meoya le phisho, maswika a foforega go dira mobu wa

santa. Mebu ka moka ke kopakopano ya santa, mobu wa magareng le letsopa. Mehlala ya

mehuta ya mebu ke santa, santa ya go hlakana le mobu o mobotse, mobu o mobotse,

letsopa la go hlakana le mobu o mobotse le letsopa.

Santa e dira mobu gore o be o boleta. Mobu wa magareng ke santa e sese,o swara meetse

le dijo tsa dimela bokaone go feta santa, efela dika tswa bonolo mo mobung. Letsopa ke

karolo ya mobu yeo e tanyang gomme e tshwaraganya mobu. Le tshwara meetse bjalo ka

sepontshe.

Mebu ye mekaone e bitswa mobu o mobotse (loam soil), gomme e dirilwe ka santa, mobu

wa magareng le letsopa tseo di lekanang. Go hlokega dilo tseo dibodilego go kaonafatsa go

nona ga mobu le go oketsa dijo tsa dimela mo mobung

Naa o tseba bjang mohuta wa mobu wa gago

O ka tseba gore mobu wa gago ona le santa, mobu wa magareng le letsopa tse dikakang ka

go e tswara ka letsogo. Thapisa mobu o fogohletse ka letsogong go dira seo se bonalago

bjalo ka polo, bjale fogohletsa polo yeo goedira bjalo ka boroso (sausage). O ka shomisa

tafola ye e bontshitswego mo fase go tseba mohuta wa mobu wa gago

Gotswa go: WHC Manual,

WRC, 2010

Ka moo mobu o

lebelelegago ka

gona

Ka mokgwa wo

mobu o

kwagalago ka

motsogong

Ge o fogohletsa go dira boroso

Mobu ke :

Santa ya go

gwasha (Very

sandy)

E gopa kudu

(Very rough)

Gae fogohlege go

direga boroso

Santa ya go

gwasha(Very

sandy)

Santa ya

mogwasha wa

magareng(Quite

sandy)

E ya kgwaya

(Rough)

E kgona go ba

boroso mara ga e

kobege

Sandy

Seripa sa santa le

sa wo o telelago

E ya kgwaya

Rough

Boroso ya gona e

kobega ga

nnyane

Sandy loam

Go kwagala go

thelela kudu

Santa e nnyane, e

a thelela efela ga

e tanye

Boroso (Sausage)

e kgona go

kobega go fihla

bogareng (half)

Loam or silt loam

Go kwagala go

thelela kudu

Santa e nnyane, e

a thelela efela e a

tanya

Boroso (Sausage)

e kobega go feta

seripa (half)

Clay loam or

sandy clay

Go kwagala go

thelela kudu,

kudu

E ya thelela ebile

ea tanya

Boroso (Sausage)

e kobega go dira

nkgokolwana

Letsopa (clay)

Go nona ga mobu

Diphidi ka moka di dirilwe ka dikokwane tseo ditšego. Dimela di dirilwe gagolo ka hydrogen,

oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium le bonnyane bja magnesium, sulphur le

calcium le ka dielemente tsedigwe tseo di humanegago ka bonyane (Tsona di bitswa trace

elements).

Dimela di hloka mehuta ye meraro ya bohlokwa ya dijo:

Dijo tsa go godisha semela(Nitrogen (N)) –go netefatsa gore matlakala

le kutu di gola ga botse.

Dijo tsa gofa semela maatla (Phosphorus (P)) –go thusa ka go

maatlafatsa medu le hlolego ya dikenywa

Dijo tsa go theledisa semela(Potassium (K)) –ka kakaretso ya

maphelelo a dikenywa le motsoba (mapolomo).

dihlaka tse kgolo ka mashakaneng di bitswa maswao a khemikale

(chemical). Ge o reka manyora goba dikhemikale tse dingwe, otlo

humana ba ngwadile dihlaka tse, legatong la maina ka bohlalo.

Dijo tse tse tharo dihumanega ka gare ga podishwa goba morole wo o

nonego.

O ka oketsa bontshi bja dijo tse ka go pupetsa goba go

apesha mobu o shomisa dimela tsa go dira potla, bjalo ka

dinawa, diponkisi, tali (pigeon peas), ditloo marapo le mooka

goba mahlakantsha (comfrey), shomiso ya morole wa

meetse, go rua maberemose(earthworm castings) le diphidi tse nnyane tsa go shoma ka

maatla. O tlo hloka morole wa go dirwa ke maberemose le diphidi tse nnyane tsa go shoma

ka maatla gore o ditshele o mobung wa gago

Mahlakantsha

(comfrey)

gotswa: Useful Plants for

Land Design, Pelum

Tshilo ya marapo go dira

dijo tsa go maatlafatsa

dimela

Nodules on the roots that fix

nitrogen from the air

Dijo tse dihumanegago ka gare ga merole ya diphoofolo (ka kakaretso): Kg/ton

kgomo

Pere

Pudi

Nku

Kolobe

Kgogo

Mmutla

Podishwa

(Dijo tsa go

godotsa

semela) N

(Nitrogen)

Dijo tsa go

maatlafatsa

dimela P

(Phosphorous)

Dijo tsa go

theledisa

dimela K

(Potassium)

Dijo tsa go godisha dimela (Nitrogen)

E hlohleletsa go gola ga semela , mohlala : kutu le matlkala

Dijo tsa go matlafatsa semela (Phosphorous)

E hlohleletsa go gola ga medu,gape e hlokega go matsoba

(mapolomo) le peu

Dijo tsa go theledisa dimela K (Potassium)

Strengthens plant, gives

resistance to heat, cold,

disease and pests

Amount of N, P,K required for different crops

Crop type

kg/ha

Amadumbe

100

150

Nawa

0-50

Beetroot

Brinjal (Egg fruit)

100

Pherefere le pepere ye sweet

100

Kharotse

100

Lettuce

100

Maheya (green/sweetcorn)

100

Nyala

100

Peas

0- 40

Matsapane

160

100

130

Pumpkin & Hubbard squash

100

Sepenatshe

100

Potata

100

Tamati

160

100

MEKGWA YA GO KAONAFATSA GO NONTSHA GA MOBU (Methods of

improving soil fertility)

Morole

Go ka shomishwa mehutahuta ya merole. Morole o mo kaone ke o ohlantswego le dihlaka,

bjang goba dikotana le mohlapologo gotswa ka leshakeng. Kgobela morole ga tee ka beke,

gomme o upubetse ka bjang goba polasetiki.

Gona le ditsela tse malwa tsa go tshela morole mobung:

❖O ka shomishwa ge o bjala dimelana, ka go hlakantsha matsogo a malwa a morole ka

gare ga fao o bjalelago dimelana.

❖O ka epelwa ka gare ga mpetana ka moka, go kaonafatsa go nona ga mobu. Fa otlo

hloka go shomisa keribana (wheelbarrow) ye tee ya morole (goba lesaka le tee la

50kg) go mpetana wa botelele bja go lekana 5m la bophara bja go lekana 1m.

Dijo tsa dimela di humanega ga golo mo moroleng wa dikgog. Morole wa dikgogo o tletse ka

dijo tsa go godisa le tsa gofa semela maatla. Ge o tshela morole wa dokgogo o seke wa

fetisa di tone (ton) tse pedi mo heketareng (hector) ye tee. Ditane tse pedi mo heketareng e

tee tsa morole wa dikgogo dilekana le 200g mo sekwere metereng se tee(1square meter).

Goba le letswai ga mobu(Soil acidity)

Dihlabakelo goba dijo tseo di hlokago ke semela gore se gole, di tolotswa ke meetse ka gare

ga mobu. Seo se swana le letswai goba swikere ka gare ga komiki ya meets.

5 metres

1 metre

Goba le letswai ga mobu, kege mobu o baba. Go swana ga nnyane le komiki ya meetse ge e

tshetswe vineka ya tologela ka gare.mafelong ao pula enago gagolo,tse dingwe tsa di

menerale di feleletsa di ntshwa mo mobung, Seo se dira gore mobu obe le letswai. Shomiso

ya manyoro nako ye telele e ka hlola goba le letswai ga mobu.

Ge gona le letswai le lentshi mo mobung, tse dingwe tsa dimenerale goba dijo tsa dimela

ditlo tologa ka lebelo, gomme dimela gadi kgone go di shomisa. Tse dingwe tsa dimenerale

dika seke tsa tologa,bjale,gape dimela di ka sekgone go di shomisa. Dijo tsa go fa semela

maatla ke tse dingwe tsa dimenerale tseo semela se sa kgoneng go di tsea mobung, ge eba

mobu ona le letswai, lege ele gore digona mobung.

ye nngwe ya di tshupetso tsa gore mobu o na le letswai ke ge o tshetsi dimela tsa gago

podishwa goba morole le meetse, efele di palelwa ke go gola. Semela se tswela pele ele se

sennyane gomme sa dira peu sedutse ele se sennyane. Bjowe ke bothata bjo bo

tlwaelegilego.

Naa re rarolla bjang bothata bja letswai?

Mokgwa o tee wa bonolo wa go rarolla bothata bja

letswai mobung ke go tshela kalaka mo mobung.

Kalaka ke lerwele le leshweu goba lele tshehla leo

leka rekwago.

E tloka gore e epelwe ka fase ga mobu goya fase

gago lekana mo medu e felelang gona.

O tlo hloka bonnyane bja go lekana 1kg ya kalaka

mo sekwere metareng se sengwe le se sengwe sa

mobu. Khilo kerame (kg) ye tee ya kalaka e lekana

le sepete se tee seo se tletseng, se swanetse gore

se be le mohlophe.

Dimela tsa medu ye e fapaneng. Kalaka e

hloka go tshelwa go fihla mo medu e

felelago gona.

Podishwa

Podishwa e dirilwe ka dikarolo tsa dimela tse tala le tsa go oma le morole, tseo di

bodishitswego mmogo go dira dijo tsa dimela tseo di humilego. Podishwa e thutsa mobu

gore o kgone go swara meetse mola e fokotsa le malwetse a dimela.

Naa o hloka eng go dira podishwa

O hloka go kgoboketsa tse ntshi tsa dilo tseo di latelago:

❖Dithlaka goba mashaledi a dimela tse dingwe.

❖Bjang (netefatsa gore ga se bjahlwa bo dira peu)- ekaba bjo bo tala goba bjo

bo omilego.

❖Matlakala a khabetshe le ngwang (a ma tala goba a go oma) o o senago le

peu.

❖Morole wa diphoofolo

❖Morole wa dikgong

Tse dingwe tsa dilo tseo dika tsenago ka gare ga lefelwana la go dira podishwa : ditshila tsa

ka moraleng, meetse a o hloswitsego ka ona, maudi/dikgwahla tse o diswietsego,

diphoofolo tseo di hwilego, marapo,boya(wool),manaka le mafofa. Ke kakanyo e botse go

akaretsa mahlakantsha (comfrey) mo lefelwaneng la gago la go direla podishwa.

DILO TSEO O SENG WA SWANELA GO DITSHELA: Polasetiki, mapotlelo, motato,

dikgong,mapeteri a kgale goba se sengwe le se sengwe seo se sa boleng (seo se bolela ka

gose je ke mobu).

More advantages

❖

Podishwa ke dijo tseo di loketsego

goka jewa ke dimela,ka ntle ga

gore di jewe ke dikhunkhwana tsa

ka fase ga mobu tsa go se bonwe

pele.

❖Podishwa ga e hlohleletse go gola

ga ngwang o montshi, bjwalo ka

morole wa diphoofolo.

❖O ka humana dimela tse dibotse

ntle lego lefa masheleng a mantshi

o reka manyora.

Some disadvantages

❖

Ke moshomo o mogolo go dira lego

shomisa podishwa.

❖

Boleng bja podishwa bo laola ke ka

mokgwa o edirilwego ka ona, le

dilo tseo di shomisitswego go e

dira. Ge ese e dirwe ga botse, eka

sebe dijo tse dibotse tsa dimela.

❖Go ka noba boima go humana

ditlabakelo tseo odi hlokang go

dira poditswa..

Moo oka dirang lefelo la go dira mototol

Wana wa podishwahere

❖Morithing fela esebe gauswe le kutu ya mohlare.

❖La go shireletswa gahlanong le moya o montshi.

❖La go lekelelana.

❖Kgauswe le serapana le meetse.

❖Kgole le diphoofolo (gigolo dikolobe, dipudi le dikgogo)

Naa o dira bjang mototolwana wa

podishwa,

Kgato ya pele (1):

Kgetha lefelo o petule mobu o shomisa

foroko goba mogoma(letshepe). Lefelo la

gago le swanetse goba bogolo bja go

lekana 1m ka bophara, 2m ka botelele

(sepete se se tee ka bophara, dipete tse

pedi ka botelele)

Molora wa dikgomo

2 cm mobu o mosesel

4 cm morole

20 cm bjang le ditala

Mobu wa go se

swarane

Pupetsa ka bjang goba polasetiki

Mototolwana wo o

feletsego wa

podishwa

Kgato ya bobedi (2):

Ripaganya dihlaka le matlakala a

mashaledi a dimel,bjang le ngwang ka

diripana tse nnyane se se akaretsa

mahlakantsha (comfrey), matlakala a

khabetse, ngwang le dihlaka. Di hloka go

ripelelwa ka diripana tsa go lekana

disentimetara tse lesome ka botelele. Se

se lekana le bophara bja letsogo la gag

oleo le tswaletsego. Seo se tla dira

tiragalo ya go dira podishwa ebe ka

lebelo.

Kgato ya boraro (3):

Beya makabi a mannyane le dikotana mo mobung wo o shetsego o upetutse.

Kgato ya bone (4):

Pupetsa seo ka moswako wa dilo tseo o di ripeletsego, go lekanyetswa goya fase ka

disentimetara tse 30.seo se lekana le letsogo le tee leo le butswego. Ge ona le ditshila tsa ka

moraleng, di shomishwa mo lebakeng le.

Karolo ya bohlano (5):

Ala morole ka godimo ga se, wa go lekantshwa disentimetara tse nne. Se ke bopapetla bja

menwana e mebedi.

Karolo ya boselela (6):

Ala mobu o mongwe godimo ga morole wa go lekanyetsa disentemetara tse pedi-bopapetla

bja monwana o tee.

Kgato ya bosupa (7):

Fokela molora wa dikgong ka godimo ga mobu. Ga ele gore o tlo tshela kalaka, manyoro a

go dirwa ka marapo (bone meal) ye ke nako ya maleba ya go di fokela.

Kgato ya bo seswai (8):

Tsheletsa di leyara tsa ga go go

fihlela meetse a nwelela ka fase

Kgato ya bo Senyane (9):

Tswela pele go aga mmoto o

buseletsa soe of se dirilego

peleng, go fihlela e eba bogolo

bja gohla sehuneng sag ago.

Kgato ya bo lesome (10):

Go kaone o pipetse

mmoto wag ago ka

dikgahla goba bjang bjo

bontshi goba ka polasitiki.

Se se thusa ka swara

meetse le phiso mola e

thusa le gores mmoto wag

ago o bole ka pela.

Hlokomela gore diphofolo

di seke ja fata le go senya

mmoto wag ago.

Go hlohleletswa gore o

phethole mmoto wag ago

wa podishwa ga tee mo

bekeng tse pedi. Ge mmoto

wa gago o omile o hlo

swanela ke gore of tshele

meetse. Ge o swela pele go

dira se podishwa e tla loka

mo dibekeng tse 6 ga ele

selemo, mola e hlo loka ka

morago ga dibeke tse 8

goya go tse 9 maregeng.

Mafelong ao go tonyago ga

golo, podishwa e bola ka go nanya, bjale mmoto wa gago o hlo swane la gore o pipeswe

gabotse, ga seo se sa dirwe go go direge selo.

From: Production without

Destruction, Pelum

Turning the compost pile

Ke neng mo posishwa e lekelago go somiswa?

Ge so sa tswa mushi mo mmoto seo se ra gore go bola go sa tswela pele. Podishwa e hlabe e

lokile ge ena le mmala o moso e lebelelega bjalo ka mubo wa go koloba (go thapa). E tlabe e

sa nkge. (Ge e nkga ebile e fisa, ga se podishwa)

Thlokiomelo le tshomiso ya podishwa

❖Bjala semela se tee o

somisa matsogo a mabedi

goba a marago a podiswa.

❖Epela podishwa mobung:

pedula le go letefatsa

mobu go ya fase gwa go

lekana ke hlogo ya sepete.

Ala dipete tse 4 tsa

podishwa mo lifelong leo

le kadilwego ka dipete tse

4 bjale ka ge go

bontshitswe mo

seswantshong. Epa epa o

kgone o bjala.

❖Somisa podishwa bjale ka

selo sa go pipetsa mobu

ka go e ala ka godimo ga

mpetana wa gago.

From: WRC Homestead

Water Management

Manual, 2009

1 metre

1 Square metre

MOROLE WA MEETSE (Liquid Manure)

Morole wa meetse /brew/teas ke mokgwa o bonolo wago matlafatsa dimela tsa

gago,maikemisetso ele go fa mohlare dijo tsa hlago ka pela ka nako ya go mela ga dimela .

Go bohlokwa gore dimela tsa go Tsea dijo tse dinshi bjale ka cabbage, dimelana tsatsona

dimatlafatsa.

Go dirwa bjwang morole wa meetse ka mehlare

Comfrey me mohlare o mo kaone wa go dira morole wa meetse. Matlakala a boleta a ma

tala le dikutu di ka tshomitswamola ngwang ele kaone. Arogana le dimela tsa monkgo kudu.

Mehlare e dirilwe ka diphepo tsa go fetana gape e tsea diphepo tsa go fapana gotswa

mobung. Go kaone kudu go tsumisa mehlare ya go fapana go dira meetse a gago. Dira

bonnete ba gore o tsumitse mehlare ye e phelegilego.

Netefatsa gore sebjwana sa gago se hlwekile pele gage o se shomisha.

❖Kgobokanya matlakalagomme o tlatse sebjwana. O tswele pele o oketsa matlakala

beke kabeke.

❖Bea leswika godimo ga matlakalagomme, o beye sekhurumelo (setswalo). Oseke wa

tshela meetse. Matlakala atlo itirela meetse a wona. Ge o shomishangwang fela, ka

ntle ga comfrey goba kota ya segwere (banana), go ka hlokagala gore o tshele

meetse ka bo nyenyane go khupetsa matlakala a go phutsetswa.

❖O beye sebjwana lefelong la goba le letsatsi, morago ga dibeke tse pedi o hlodumele

go bona ge ele gore matlakala gase a fetogela mmaleng o mo sorolwana (black). Ge o

tshikinya sebjwana otla bona meetsana a ma sorolwana (black), seo ke meetse a

morole o mo tala

❖Meetsea a bogale kudu gomme a swanetse go fokotswa bogale ka tsela ye elatelago

Dimelana: tini e tee (1) ya morole ka gare ga ditini (kotikoti/tshipjwana)the nne (4) tsa

meets

Mehlare yemegolo : tini (kotikoti/tshipjwana)e tee (1) ya morole ka gare ga ditini the pedi

(2)tsa meetse, ge oka dira meetse a gago goba bogale kudu a ka fisa matlakala a mehlare ya

gago.

Ka morago ga dibeke tse dingwe le tse dingwe tse pedi tshela meetse a gago a go hlakanywa

mobung go dukuluga semela sa gago, morago ga go ditshelela meetse. O tsheleesego ka

fase ga tini e tee ya meetse a go hlakanywa go dukuluga dimelana goba dimela. Tini

(kotikoti)e lekane le tini (kotikoti) ya jam

Mehlare ya maleba go dira morole wa meetse

Comfrey

Mohlare o ona le matlakala a ma golo a meriri gomme e gola mafelong a moriti a go dula a

thapile. Matlakala ana le potassium ye ntshi. A ka shumiswa go apetsheletsa mepete ya

merogo le go dira dijo tsa meetse tsa mehlare, comfrey ke morago (spinach) le sehlare se

sekaone. Teye ya go dirwa ka matlakala a comfrey e loketse go fodisa madi a magolo (high

blood pressure) le bolwetse bjwa Marapo (arthritis)

Comfrey

Gotswa : mehlare ya go shomisega

Go beakanya mobu, pelum

Stinging nettle

Ye ke yengwe ya mehlare ye mekaone kudu ye o ka e shomisang go dira sebela, e tswere

diphepo tse dintshi tsa go fapanale di dijo tsa maleba tsa go lekanelatsa mehlare, Go kaone

kudu go humana mehlare ye e medilego nageng gomme o tsee ye mmalwa o te bjwalele ka

taining (garden). Mehlare ye e tshaba lehlwa (ice),efela eka gola kae goba kea

Kutu ya panana

Dikota dia ripiwa gomme tea bewa ka gare ga sebjwana gammogo le mehlare ye engwe le

matlakala. Kota ena le potassium ye ntshi le meetse gomme e dira meetsana a ma kaone a

sebela

Ngwang

Black Jack, Amaranths, Chickweed, Galant soldier. Dingwang tsago gola ka lebelo kamoka,

tsa matlakala a bolela, a mmala o mo tala ya go tsenelela. Hlokomologa go shomisa bjwang

goba sedge.

Mokgwa wa go diramorole wa meetse gotswa moroleng wa diphoofolo

Morole o ka dirwa gotswa go dikgogo, Mebutla, Dikgomo, Dipudi leDinku. Morole wa go

hlakanywa o kaone kudu.

❖Boloka morole wa gago o mo tala (fresh)wa go hlakanywa ka gare ga lesakale le

Orange ka mmala gomme o e tlame(bofa) bogodimo ba yona

❖Bea lesakaleo ka gare ga sebjwana gomme o se bofelele go kota goba thapo (rope),

O tlatse sebjwana Seo ka meetse. KA gare ga 1kg ya morole o tlo hloka 5litre ya

meetse. Seo se bolela gore, lesakalast go tlala morole ka gare ga pakete ya 50

litre(50L) goba half ya lesaka ka gare ga mokorotlwanawa setlwaedi wa 20 litre(20L).

Yo ke mokgwa wa go dira gore morole le meetse di se kgopane, Gobane ga wa

swanela go tshelela mehlare ka morole wa go koloba .

❖Tswalele sebjwana ka setswalelo, O hlakanye morolemorago ga matsatsi esego ama

kae.

A brew made from comfrey leaves can

bediluted as mentioned above and sprayed

on plant leaves to protect against downy and

powdery mildew. Mildews are a problem

mainly on cucurbits, pumpkins and peas.

A brew made from comfrey and stinging

nettle can be sprayed on plants to protect

against early and late blight, which attacks

tomatoes and potatoes.

In these cases the brews are sprayed onto

the leaves of the plants.

❖Morago ga dibeke tse pedi sehlakantshwa sa gago sa morole setla ba se loketswe go

shomiswa. Se tla ba bjalo ka teye (tea) e sesane. Hlakanya ga botse pele oka shomisa

sehlakanywa sagago.

❖Meetse awo atlaba a le bogale kudu, gomme a hloka go hlakanywa le meetse.

Dimelana : Tshipjana/kotikoti (tin) ye tee ya morole (seela)

ka gare ga Tshipjana tse 8 tsa meetseMehlare ye magolo : 1

Tshipjana go Tshipjana tse 4 tsa meetse

Ge oka dira sehlakantshwa sa gago Gore sebe bogale kudu,

setlo tshuma (fisha) matlakala a mehlare.

Morago ga dibeke tse dingwe le tse dingwe tse pedi o tshele

go dukuloga mehlare ka morole,morago ga go e tshelela

meetse. Gomme gape shomisa tshipjana e kgolo ya jamo go

bjwalela dimelana goba mehlare. O se shomise morole wa

gago mosegare goba letsatsi le fisha.

Mafelo a ma kaone go ka humana didiritshwa godira

morole wa diphoofolo wa meetse

Morole ka leshokeng (dikgomo)

O ka shomisa morole o mo tala goba wa go kgoboketswa no leshokeng, ka tsela yeo o

netefatsa Gore morole wa gago o na le

diphepo tse dintshi ka Fao go kgonegago lego

netefatsagore diphepo gase tsa lahlega ge

letsatsi le fisha morole wa gago gomme o

omelela. Seo se bohlokwa kudu ge o nyaka

gore morole wa gago o be le phepo ye

matlafetsego.

MOROLE wa dikgogo: Ge o shomisa morole

wa dikgogo, go bohlokwa kudu go boloka

mmutedi wa dikgogowa gona o satswa go

wela fase. Gape Seo se thusa go diphepo le

dijo tsa mehlare mo tshileng ya go oma. Go ya

kgonega go boloka tshila tsatsi ka tsatsi gomme wa di boloka kagare ga lesaka lefelong ka go

Bethela me moya leswiswing, go fihlela ona le ye ntshi goka pidiswa.

Morole wa meetse wa go dirwa ka morole wa dikgogo oka fisha mehlare, ka ge e eba le

nitrogen he ntshi. Go bohlokwa go hlakanya pidiswa le meetse pele o e shomisa. Ge ode na

le bonnete bjwa gore o hlakantse ga botse, oka leka pidiswa ya gago pele mehlareng e se

kae, gomme o boye letsatsi le le latelago go hlahloba, ge ele gore matlakala a gago mo

mafelelong a na le mmala yo no poraone (brown), seo ke seshupo sa gore pidiswa ya gago e

hloka go hlakanywa le meetse gomme e fishitse mohlare wa gago

Morole wa Dipudi:

Yo ke morole wa magareng (mild) gomme o na le phepo ya maleba. Ga se o tlwaelege gore

o ka fisha mehlare , efela oka humanega o ne le phosphorus ye nyenyane, go ya le gore pudi

e ja eng.

Merole ye mengwe

Merkel ya mebutla le yona e bolokegile kudu. Le hlahlwa gore lese shomise merole ya

dikolobe, ka ge gona le kgonagalo ya go humana mae a diboko tseo di ka tsenang bathing. O

se shomise morole wa dimpsa, le dikatse ka mabaka ao a swanago.

Moroto( Mohlapologo)

Moroto wa motho ke setshelwa se se kaone kudu sa serapa (garden). Moroto (gotswa

bathong ba go phelega, ba go sa shomise meriana/dihlare) o wa bolokwa, wa hlakanywa le

meetse gomme wa tsheletsamobung go rarela mohlare. Goswana le morole wa go tsheletsa

mehlare, o swanetse go hlakanywa le meetse go fokotsa bogale, Gore ebe le mmala wa teye

ye sese (weak tea).gomme ose tsheletse lefelong le le tee nako le nako.

PEYAKANYO YA MEPETANA KA NEPO YA KAONAFATSA GO NONA GA

MOBU (Bed design for soil improvement)

Go bohloka beakanya serapana sa gago o somisa mepetana. Ka fao o ka tshwela pele o

kaonafatsa go nona ga mobu mo mepetaneng o somisa podishwa, morole le ga ele mokgwa

wa go apesa mobu. O ka shireletsa mobu wa gago kgahlamo le go tia ka go se sepele godimo

ga mepetana, o sepele fela mo ditsejane tsa gare ga mepetena. Mepetana e dira gore gobe

bonolo go polana go fetola fetola ya dimela.

Ga ele gore lefelo le a theogela, dira mepetana ya gago ka go e rapamisha o seke wa dira

gore e latele go theoga ga lefelo. Ka tsela yeo ditsejana le mepetana e to kgona go swara

meets ao alelelago ge pula e ena. Ka kakaretso, ke kakanyo e botse gore mepetana e be e

mesese (ka bophara) eupse e be e metelele, seo se godumelela gore o kgone go fihleleba

borage bja mpetana go swa mahlakoring a mabedi ka ntle ga gore o sebele godimo ga

mpetana . bophara bja mpetana makgeng a mantshi bo lekanyetswa go mmethara o tee

goba botelele bje sepete, O ka telefatsa mepetana ya gago ka mokgwa o oratago.

Mpetana wa melete (Trench Beds)

Melete ke mokgwa wa go oketsa gonona ga mobu le swana meetse mo mepetaneng le ka

serapaneng ka kanaretso. Ye ke tsela yeo e tseneletsego kaomafatsa mobu gore puno ya

merogo go balimi ba dirapana e gole, ga golo mo o hwesago gore mobu gase wa lokela

dibjalo goba ga o ye fase.

Le ga ele gore go dira mepetana ye goboima, e fana ka dipoelo tseo dibonagalago, dimela di

mela gabotse ka goiketla ene gonona ga mobu go tsea lebaka le letelele (mengwaga e 5

goya go e 8)

Naa deep trench e dirwa ka mokgwa mang

1. Epa molete wa go ya face ka disenthimithara tse 60 goba gofeta. Go tlwelegile gore of

mithara o tee ka bophara (seo se dirwago netefatsa gore o sepele ka bolokologi ka ntle le go

gata mpetana) en o kabo o motelele ka mokgwa woo o ratago ka gona.

2. Aroganya mobu wa ka

godimo le waka fase ka

metotolwana ga o dutse

of epa. Ga e le gore

mobu wa gago wa ka

fase ga se on none, ga

otle go shomiswa mo

mpetaneng. O ka

palakanya ona mobu o

go akaretsa serapana go thusa so laola meetse gore a ye mo mpetaneng.

3. tshela dikotikoti, makabe ka fase go thusa

ka moya le go oketsa dijo mobung wa gago

Dikotikoti di swanetse gore di kgatlwe pele

gare di tsenywa ka moleteng. Ala dikotiko

bogolo bja go lekana kotikoti e tee. Gee le

gore ga ona dikotikoti somosa makabe a

mehlare leratong la dikotikoti.

4. Tlatsa molete o somisa mehutahuta ya

podishwa le mobu wa ka godimo. Sapele

tshela bjang bja go oma gobana ngwang (go ya

fase gwa go lekena disenthimetera the lesome ) 10 cm)

❖Ka morago tshela morole

(go ya fase gwa go lekena

disenthimetera tse pedi

(2cm)

❖Tshela le molora wa

dikgong (tshela o

monnyane, ka tlase ga

disenthimitara e tee (‹ 1

cm).

❖Bjale, tshela mobu wa ka

godimo (go ya fase gwa

go lekena disenthimetera

tse hlano (5 cm deep)

Hlakanya di layara o somisa foroko ya ka serapaneng. Di gatike ka go sepela mo gotsona.

Tsela meets ao a lekanetsego! Bjale thoma diro yeo o fetsago go e dira gape.

O ka tshela dipodishwa tse dinywe go swana

le ngwang wa go oma le o motala, dihlakala

(makgata) a merogo, dikhatapokisi,

Mahlakala le marapo.

5. tswela pele o tshela dilo tsa go dira

podishwa ka loleteng go fihlela o tlatsa

molete .

6. Bjale dira mototolwana wa

disenthimithara tsa magareng ga 10 le 15.

Somisa motswako o mobotse wa mobu waka

godimo, morole le, goba podishwa.

Leta dibeke tse pedi goya go tse tharo pele gage o bjala mepetaneng wa gago, ka ge

ditlabakelo tse di somisitswego di swanetse go bola pele..

7. Ka nook yeo letike, o kabe o somisa

mepetana wa gago bjale a lefewana la go

bjalela dimelala. Ka fao ge dimelana di

loketse go bjadiwa ka leswa, mpetana wag

ago o tlabe o loketse gore of ka bjala mo go

ona.

O hloka mpetana wo o lokisitswego

gabotse gore o kgone go bjala dimelana ka

peu. Medu (medi) ya dimela tse dinyane

(dimelana) ga eye fase kudu. Ditlabakelo

tsaka gare ga mokoti di ka be dibola ge

dimelana disa gola kamo godimo.

8. Go bohlokwa gore mpetana o tshelwe meetse ao a lekametsego ka nako yeo o dirwa le ka

morago gare o dirilwe. Ditlabekelo tsa ka gare ga moletse di ka se bole ge di omile. O ka

somisa mekgwa ye mentshi ya go tsheletsa (nosetsa), ge fela o tshetse meets amantshi ge o

thoma. Mo senepeng se, go tlile go somosa mokgwa go go tsheletsa ka go rotetsa (drip

irrigation) mo mpetaneng.

Mpetana wa podishwa wa go seye fase kudu

Ye mepetana, e swana yeo reboletsego ka yona mo temaneng ya ka godimo, phapano ke

gore ye e bonolo ebile yee fase. E epiwa golekana disenthimithara tse 30 go ya fase. Kua

fase ga yona so tshelwa is phatana le makabe a mehlare. Pipesa diphatana goba makabe a

mehlare ka bjang goba matlakala a go oma. Bjale, tlaleletsa moletse o somisa podishwa,

mafelelong ka mobu wa ka godimo ka mokgwa wo o tswilego ka gona ka mo mokoting.

Go tswa go: LIRAPA, 2008

Seswantsho se, se laetsa ka fao mpetsena wa mokoti wa fo se ye fase o dirwago le gore o

bjalwa bjang

Go epa ga bedi (Double digging)

Woo ke mokgwa o mongwe wa go nontsha mobu wa gago. Yee mepetana e ba boemong bja

gore o ka bjala go yona ge o fetsa go e dira. Ga go hlokege gore o letele ditlabakelo di bole

pele.

Mokgwa wo botsebotse o akaretsa go epa mobu wa ka godimo, (golekanyetse

disentimithara tse 30) ya karolo ya mpetana wa gago, o obeya ka ntotolwana kgauswi le

mpetetama wa gago. Ga o feditse go epa, letsefatsa bofase ya mokoti wa gago. Bjale ,

tlakanya mobu wa ka fase le morole goba podishwa pele gage o busetsa mobu wa ka

godimo ka godimo. Di karolo tse di epiwa ka mokgwa woo go o o fokotsago gore o se tloswe

ka bontshi. Ge of feditse, morole goba podishwa e epelwa mo mobung wa ka godimo wa

mepetana.

Ka godimo letsogong la nnyele: Morele of tshetswe go mobu wa ka fase o o letefaditswgo

wa seripa sa mathomo sa mpetana. Lemoga, Mobu waka godimo ke ntotolwana.

Ka godimo letsogong la goja: Mo mobu wa ka godimo yo o tserwego seripeng sa pele bjalo

tshelwa seripeng sa mafelelo, morago ga ge morole o setse o hlakantswe le mobu wa ka

fase. Mpetana o kgauswi le go loka. Morole goba podishwa e swanetse go epelwa mobung

wa ka godimo, bjale o ka thoma go bjala..

Mpetana wa maswika

Mepetana ye e agiwa ka maswika. Eba kakanyo ye botse mo gonago le maswika a mantshi le

moo boemo bja mobu bo lego bjo bobe. Paketana ya

poditswa e agelelwa bogareng ba mpetana, go thutsa

ka go nontsha mobu mo mpetaneng. Go ya gonega

go tsheletsa mpetana wo ka meets a o hlapilego

goba o hlatswitsego ka ona,ebile e kgona go swara

meetse mo go yona. Ge mepetana e agilwe, go

shomisa le go hlokomela mepetana go bonolo ge e

agilwe.

Se se bontsha mpetana wa maswika yo o

arogantsweng ka diripa tse nne, go dumelela go

fetolwa fetolwa ga dimela.

Go bjetswe : 1 Dimela tsa matlakala le dikenywa, 2

Dimela tsa digwere, 3 Dimela tsa go dira diphotla

(bjalo ka dinawa le diponkisi), 4 e khutsishitswe.

Kalaka e epelwa ka gare ga seripa se, yaba ya khupetswa

ka morole le bjang.

Gotswa go: LIRAPA, 2008

Seswantsho se se bontsha mpetana wa maswika wo o

dirwilego Lesotho. Morakwana wa maswika le pakete ya

podishwa ya bjang mo bogareng bja mpetana di

bonagala ga botse.

Mpetana wa ntukuduku (Eco-circles)

Mpetana wa ntukuduku o ekgethile ibile ke tsela ye kaone ya go bjalela ka serapaneng. Di

eco-cycle ( nnyane)di emishitswe ka mokgwa wa nkgokolo ebile di epilwe.An

Dilo tseo o dihlokago go aga eco-cycle :

Thapo (lenti) le kotana, sepete garafo, poditshwa, bjang/matlakala a go pipetsa, dimelana

goba peu ya go bjala, kerese le mollo, motato le lepotlelo la 2l leo le tsomositswego ebile

lena le sekhurumelo.

Nna re dira bjang eco-cycle:

1. Mo otlang go bjalela gona dijo tsa gago,

maraka nkgokolo o shomisa thapo le

kotana

2. Tlosha mobu wa ka godimo o o lekanyetswago di

senthimetara tse 20-30, o kgobele kgauswi le

ntukuduku. Tlosha di senthimerata tse dingwe tse

20-30 tsa mobu, o okgobele thoko. Molete o

swanetse goya fase ga golekana le letolo (golekana

le disenthimetara tse 50).

3. Laeta kerese o tshume motato (hlokomela o seke wa itshuma). Ge motato o fisha, thula

mashoba a go lekana 16 mo dimpeng tsa lepotlelo.( Bula moshoba a mane ka golatelana go

ya godimo)

4. Beya lepotlelo(golebelela godimo)mo

bogareng bja molete wa gago.bjalo tshela

podishwa goba morole wa ka shakeng o

oboditshitswego, ditshila tsa ka moraleng goba

bjang bjo bo omileng mo bofaseng bja

molete.khupetsa ka mobu wa ka fase wa go

lekanyetswa go disenthimetara tse 8. Tswela pele

go tshela mobu wa ka fase le podishwa (bjang goba ditlabakelo tse dinywe tse o nago le

tsona), o tshele meetse ka morago ga seripa se sengwe le se sengwe seo se tsentshago.

5. Ge o shetse o tshetsi mobu wa ka fase ka moka, tshela mobu wa ka godimo. O tlo lemoga

gore mpetana o godinwana ge o obapetsa le lefase leo o lego go lona.Gogola mobu gotswa

bogareng bja mpetang goya ka matheko, go aga seo

se bonalago bjalo ka sekotlelwana( gore meets a

gone go dula), sekotlelo seo ebe nke o dira moja-

gobedi(funnel), seo ose direla gore mobu wag ago o

bohlokwa wa ka godimo o se gogolege. Bjale

pupetsa mobu wa gago, o thome go bjala.

Tlatsa lepotlelo ka meets ga tee ka beke. Meetse o tlotsa ga nnyane ga nnyane goya

mobung.

Practical notes and tips:

Podishwa e aga sepontshe seo se swarago meetse, mola

go pipetswa ga mobu go thibela go mayafala ga meets.

Dikarolong tseo pula e nang kudu, lefelo le swanetse go

lekelekana go thibela go hlolega ga seretse..

Letsogong la nnyele: eco-cycle ye e fedilego. Yela hloko,

mogwa wa go pupetsa mobu wo o shomisitswego, dikota

tseo di phekagantswego di beyetswe gore dimela tse go

swana le tamati goba dinawa di kgone go

ithekga/gonamela ka tsona.

Mepetanaya maswika (Keyhole gardens)

Mepetanayamaswikakeyenngweyamehutayamepetana ye e thusangkatse di latelago:

❖Shomisoyameetse a mannyanego tsheletsa/noshetsa. O kashomisagape le meetse a

ditshila, a ashetsengmoragoga go hlatswadiaparogobadikotlelo le gohlapa.

❖Hlolegoyalefelo la godingwana la go bjala, gemobuwagagoeleletsopagobamaswika

kudu.

❖Hlolegoyamepetanaya go tsweletsamerogokgauswi le ntloyagagongwagakamoka,

maemokamoka.

Naampetanawamaswika o agiwakae?

Humana lefelo lafihlelakeletsatsi, kgauswi le lebati la ntlomolefaseebeleswika, mobuwa go

shitlelwagobaletsopa la go tia/kwatla.

Kethlokaeng ?

❖Mobu wa gabotse, o na le mmala wo o tibilego (dark)

❖Maswikana, morole, mafofora/mashaladi a kota, mabjang a go oma, matlakala a go

wa,ditshilatsaka kgorong le mashaledi a dimela.

❖Black wattle gobadikotanagobannete.

Naakedirabjangmpetanawamaswika ?

1. Ageletsakalesaka la bupilakamagareng.

Mo tlonggobabogarebampetana/serapanasagago,agaseageletso(basket)kadikotanatsa ;40

cm×40cmya go dukuloga le 1.5m yabotelele.

2.Tlatsalesaka la gare.

Tlatsaseageletsosagarekadishomiswatsa go dirapodishwabjalokamafofora a kota, bjang le

morole. Di katele kudu. Go bohlokwa go tshelamoloralebakeng la bjalo, kudu ge o

ikemisheditse go sheletsa/noshetsampetanawagagowamaswikakameetse a ditshila.

Gobanemolora o thusa go ntshasesepemeetseng , gore se segobatsepeugobasemelasagago.

3. Aga lebota la maswikana

Bjalemesharagotlogaseageletsong (basket), botelelebaletsogo, go rarela le seageletso. Fa,ke

moo lebota la gago la maswika le agiwanggona. E begolekana le 1.5m-2m kabophara. Aga

lebota lagago la maswika1m goyagodimo, gobe le monyakowa go tsenagoyago lesaka.

Keitiye ebulege 60cm bophara.

4. Tlatsampetanawamaswikakamabu.

Tlatsantukulogogannyane le gannyane. O

tshelemehutayamabukadileyaratsa go fapana,

tsaMabu a morole, Mabu a molora, mabu a dimela tsago bola,bjalo le bjalo go fihlampeteo

tlala.mabu a lekanetsekaTselayamalebaya gotheogelagannyane.gotlologabontleba, Goya

leboteng. Osekewalekalekanyamobu.

Mohlalengo, seageletso se dirilwekalesakajadijo

Thlokomela gore bogodimobampetanabowelagotswaseageletsongsaleshikasagare, goyamafelelong a lebota go

dumelelameetse go phatlalala le mpetanage o tsheletsa. Ge o lebeletsegotswakagodimo go bonalabjalokamoletewasenotlelo.

Gotswakalehlakore e bonalabjalokantlo.

(from D. Hall and V.

Gibberd for LRAP)

Mohlaleng o, lesaka la gare le dirilwekamakalana a

mehlare le bjang. Mojakoodumelela go

fihlelelamahlakorekamokaa mpetanawamaswikage o

bjala ,o tsheletsa le ge o buna.

5. Go pupetsa

Mobu o swanetse gore bjalo o

khupetswekaleyara e kotoyabjangba go oma

lematlakalagomme o tswelepele a

khupeditswekatsela ye gothusa go

tswaramonyolamobung.lesaka la gare le

swanetse go khupetswakabjanggodimogamorole.

6. Go bjalapeu

Go bjalapeu, gogoladitlakala(tsa go pupetsa),

gomme o bjalekasetlwaedi.

Tsheletsa/noshetsapeu, ge o feditse

obushetseditlakalatsa go pupetsa.Ge o bona

semelana se thoma go

tshwelela,fokotsamatlakala a go pupetsa gore

semelana se humane letsatsi.efelakanakokamoka

o tlogeletsa go pupetsatsennyane gore mabu a se

omelele.

Keshomisabjangmpetanawamaswika ?

Go fetola-fetolaga dimela

Yokemohlalawa gofetola-fetola

dimelampetaneng.

-Ripaganyaserapanasagagokadiripa the

nine.

- Seripasapelekesa dimela tsamatlakala.

(Kantle le sepenatshe).

- Seripasabobedikesa dimela tsamedu le

sepenatshe.

- Seripasaborarokesa di nawa le legumes

kamarega, gobamatsapane, brinjal,

tamati,pepere le pereferekaseruthwana.

-Seripasa bone go

epetswekalakayagolekana 2kg gomme e

apetshitswekaleyara e Koto yamorole le tsa

go pupetsa. Seripase sekhutsadikgweditse

1-2 pelemorole o epelwa go sona.

Gommegwabjalwa dimela tsamatlakala.

Nako ye nngwe le ye nngwege o bjala, shirusha dimela tsagagogoyakaseripeng se

sengweseo o bego o bjetse dimela tsamohutao mongwelebakengla go feta.

Go tsheletsaserapana.

❖Tshelameetse a ditshilakagaregalesakala gare (central basket). Go tlogafao,meetsea

shwahlakamashobana a lesakagomme a tsena go mpetanawagago.

❖Ga botse, tshentsana go tsheletsa kameetse a ditshila le meetse a mabotse.

Mpetanawamaswikalefaseng la leshopa le bothata.

(from d.hall and v.gibberd, for lrap)

Serapana sa ka lesakeng le sa godimo (Bag and tower gardens)

Ke eng seo, difapana bjang, gape di Matseno

‘serapana sa lesaka’ ke mokgwa wa serapana sa moswana noshi. Bjalo ka mokgwa wa

serapana wa moswana noshiwa go tsweletsa dijo tse dinnyane tsa maemo a ma kaone pele

ga morala wa gago, seo se shomisago meetse a

ditshila,gomme morago ga gose dira,go ba bonolo go se

hlokomela. Mokgwa o otsebegile ka mo afrika borwa ka

morago ga go tsebana le baka nageng ya Kenya.

Mokgweng wa sona o bonolo, ke lesaka la go ema, “gunny

bag” la go tlatswa ka mobu wa go hlakantswa o

nontshitswego , le na le mashoba a go tsenelela goya fase

go netefatsa tsipidiso ye botse ya meetse go fihlela mobung

ka moka,merogo e bjalwameshobeng mahlakoreng a lesaka,

gape le ka godimo.

Letsogo la goja: serapana sa lesaka seo e lego lebaka le

nnyane se bjetswe. Morago ga dibeke tse dingwe tse pedi,

lesaka leka sesa bonala, le tlo ba le fihlilwe ke gogola ga

dimela! Lebeditshisa ga botse kotana ye e tsweleletsego

bogareng bja lesaka go dira selo sa go nweletsa meetse go

sepidisa meetse ka tekatekanelo.

Dithabeng tsa Lesotho, go na le sehla sa go tsweleletsa

dimela bokaone kudu lebaka la dikgwedi tse tharo fela. Boshego le ka dinako tsa phefo,

basadi ba tsentsha dirapana tsa bona tsa masaka ka moraleng. Seo se ba direla merogo le ka

nako yeo elego gore dimela gadi kgone go kgotlelela sehla/boso(severe climate)bja go

tsenelela.

Mekgwa ye mengwe ye mebedi ya go fapana ya serapana e humanega ka Afrika Borwa.

Elego ye e latelago;

❖lesaka le legolo la goya godimo, ka Afrika Borwa seo se bitswa serapana sa go

rotoshwa/phagamisha ‘tower garden’. Sebakeng sa go shomisa lesaka le tee, masaka

a mmalwa a rokagantswe gammogo, efelage mashela a maleba a mabjalo ka ‘shade-

netting a humanega, a ka shomiswa. Selo sa go nweletsa meetse e agilwe kamaswika

a golekanela (flat), serapana sa go rotoshwa se ka godisa lefelo la go bjalela makga a

mane ge se bapatswa ledirapana tsa setlwaedi tsa fase.

❖lesaka la go robala fase ‘mothaladirapama’, la go tlatswa bjalo ka lesaka la bupi,efela

la dudishiwa fase ka lehlakore. Seo se fedisa go hlokega ga selo sa go nweletsa

meetse ;lefelong la seo, le tsheletswa/noshetsa ka go fakela lebotlelo la dilitara tse

pedi la ‘cold drink’ ka gare,bogareng bja lesaka.lebotlelo le tlogelwa tekano ya beke

go tsheletsa serapana sa gago ka meetse a go tswa ka go iketla. Serapaneng sa lesaka

le tee oka bjalela dipenatshe(spinach) tse 15. Seo se bontsha tsweleletso yahlago

yagodimo.

KA GODIMO: Mrs Mahangu, Ndonga, O na le serapana

sa gagwe sa go phagamitswa, ngwageng wa sona wa

boraro wa puno.

Letsogo la goja:lesaka la serapana sa fase(flat) kela Mrs

Linda Ngatsane, wa go wina Mosadi wa go lema wa

ngwaga 2007, gape le mosadi wa ngwaga wa

Shoprite/Checkers. Hlokomela gore lebotlelo la gago le

emi, le tsheletsameetse ga nnyane ntle le go emisha

lebaka la beke kamoka!.

Serapana sa lesaka leserapana sa go phagamishwa dika

agelwalefelong lefegoba lefekgauswi le ntlo, bjalo

ka,kantle kgauswi le lebati la morala. Seo se dira gore go

tsheletsa meetse awe a shomisitswego ka moraleng, gape

le gokga dibjalwa ka bo kgauswi ge o apeile gobe bonolo.

Motho yo mongwe le yo mongwe a ka dira dirapana tse,

kudu batho ba bagolo, kage go sa hlokagale go sepela

lebaka lele telele goba go khunama. Serapana sa go

phagamishwa gese hlokomelwa seka tsweletsa merogo marega le selemo mengwaga ye

meraro. Efela o swanetse go hlokomela gore dipudi le dikgogo gadi fihlelele serapana sa go

phagamiswa gomme tsa se senya.

Tshomiso ye botseyameetse a ditshila.

Meetse a ditshila re bolela ka meetse awe a shomisitswego go dira meshomo yakagae;bjalo

ka meetse a go hlatswa diaparo, le dibjana. Mabakeng a mantshi, meetse a kgewa gotswa

pompeng ya kgautswi a tshelwa ka mekorotlwaneng ya polasetiki, esego ka lebaka la go

tsheletsa dimela, empa la go a shomisa go apea,le go hlatswa. Bjale meetse a, ashomilego,a

ka shomishwagape go godisa merogo. Yo ke mokgwa wago shomisa meetse ka hlokomelo,

kudu ka lebaka la gore meetseke thlopha boroko dinageng tse ntshi.

Le ge ele gore balemi babe ba sa tsepe gabotse gore merogo eka godiswa ga botse ka

meetse a goba le sesepe. Le ge gole bjalo, di poelo dia tepolelela , gomme morago ga gore

ba kwesise botsemokgwa wo, dipoelo tsa rotogela godimo ka matla:

❖Balemi ba ile ba kgotsofala : merogo eka gola ga botse kudu ka meetse a goba le

sesepe!.

❖Letsatsi ka letsatsi, meetse aditshila a tshelwa ka gare ga serapana sa lesaka goba sa

go phagamiswa. Meetse a sesepe a ntshiwa/fokotswa mo mobung ka mokgwa wa go

tsheletsa meetse a sekono/mabotse ga tee ka beke.

❖Mokgwa o mongwe wa gofokotsa sesepe mo meetseng,ke go tshela molora ka gare

ga meetse letsatsi pele oa shomisa, gore meetse a itsheke pele a shomiswa go

tsheletsa mehlare.

Mokgwa wa go dira serapana wa bobodu.

Balemi ba go phela bale matasatasa (busy)ka moka ba kgahlwa ke mokgwa o wa serapana,

ka lebaka la gore,gagone moshomo wa matsogo o montshi, gape gago hlokagale hlokomelo

ye ntshi. Morago gage batho ba tlwaetse mokgwa o wa serapana sa go phagamitswa, ba

kaonafatsa go se bea ka morago ga lebati la morala go nolofatsa go tsheletsa meetse a

ditshila mo serapaneng sa go phagamishwa.

Go boima go naganela gore go tlo hlokega meetse ama kakang: ka tsweletso yeo e

tletsego,go tlo hlokagala di letara tse 20 tsa mekorotlwana ye mebedi goya go ye

meraro,efela mokorotlwana o tee oka lekana ka nako ya marega. Ge meetse a ka thoma go

kgobokana ka fase ga lesaka, seo ke seshupo sa gore meetse ke a mantshi, gomme karabo

ya seoke go dira serapana se sengwe!.

Letsogo lagoja:ba tsea karolo ba Potshini ba bjala sepenatshe ka

mahlakoreng a serapana sa go phagamishwa se seswa. Tamati

le nyala di bjalwa ka godimo ga serapana.

Ke merogo efe yeo o ka e bjalang..

Serapana sa lesaka le sa go phagamishwa di loketse kudu go

bjala dimela tsa matlakala, kudu mehuta ya dipenatshe yeo e

bjwalwago ka mashoba ago phulwa ka mahlakoreng alesaka

goba leshela. Efela meshoba yeo, eseke ya lebana ka fase leka

godimo, efela e bjalwe ka go rapama go dumelela gore dimela di

humane letsatsi bokaone le go thusa gore medu e nabe botse.

Tamati le nyala dika bjalwa ka godimo ga lesaka, gomme ge eba

dimela di hloka go thekgwa, seo seka dirwa ka mokgwa wa go godisa lesaka goya godimo,

gomme wa a swarisa ka motato goba lerala.

Mo go kgonegago, dimela tsa go kwana dika bjalwa mmogo go laola dikhunkhwana ka

mokgwa wa hlago. Konofolo le nyala di

bohlokwa kudu.

Ka godimo: hlokomela gore dimela tsa go gola

ka botelele di bjetswe ka godimo ga serapana

sa go phagamishwa (mohlala. Go ka lekanywa

le letheka).

Dipoelo tsa go sa letelwe ke mokgwa owe

merogo e gotseng botse ka gona, ka fase ga

maemo a go fisha a elego gore dirapana tsa

setlwaedi dibe dika se a kgotleleleng. Lebaka

la seo gale tsebje ga botse. Kgonagalo ke gore

moya o sepela gabotse ka boiketlo,

themperatsha (temperature) ya fase mobung

lemonola yo o bago gona mobung.

Gago bolelwe gore serapana sa go

phagamishwa seka tshweletsa dijo ka moka

tseo lapa le dihlokago. Efele,thuso ya dijo tsa

phepo le go ja ka go iketla, seo re ka sese

hlokomologe.

Naa serapana sa go phagamishwa se diriwa bjang.

Serapana sa go phagamishwa se ka agiwa ka shade-netting (goba mashela a go humanega

bonolo), dipala tse nne, mabu, morole wa dikgomo le molora.

Dipala di epalwa ka botelele goya godimo go swara leshela ge serapana se hlatshwa ka

mabu, gomme di shomishwa go trellising, ge go hlokega. Bogare go beiwa leswika la flat go

thusa gore meetse a phele a lekanetse go re mehlare e gole botse.hlakantsho ya mabu e

nontsha mabu, gomme molora o thusa go fokotsa bogale bja sesepe meetseng

Lefelo la fase: lefelo ga le hloke go lokishetswa go go golo; se se hlokegago ke go

lekalekanya lefelo gomme wale shitlela ntukuluga ye esego ka fase ga metera o

tee(1m)(diameter). Hlokomela gape le gore serapana sa go phagamishwa se tlo hloka

letsatsi kudu gore merogo egole kago kgotsofatsa. Mafelong ago fisa, gokathusa go ageletsa

serapana ka morithi wa leshela, goba wa se bea

ka tlase ga mohlare gore se humane morithi mo

mosegareng.

Letsogong la goja:senepe sa serapana sa go

phagamishwa se agiwa. Dipala di dirilwe ka

makala, gomme matheko a dirwa ka leshela.

Dipala :dipala tsa go ema dika dirwa ka makala

ago hlotiwa, fense ya go tlwaelwa goba dipala

tse dingwe le tse dingwe tse ditshesane tseo di

humanegago bonolo. Fao elego gore ditamati di

bjetswe ka godimo ga serapana , go godisa serapana, o bofelela metato mo dipaleng go fana

ka theekgo.

Leshela : kgetho ya mohuta wa leshela la go shoma ka mathoko a serapana sarena e

bohlokwa. Ka nageng ya Kenya, go shomiswa masaka a nylon, efela go humanwe gore a

kgotlelela mengwaga ye mebedi fela. Mehuta ye mengwe e lekilwe pele ka Afrika Borwa:

❖Lesaka, bjale kage go bontshitswe dinepeng , gase yakgotlelela go fetsa sehla;

❖Dipolasetiki tse ntsho di senyegile le go feta ka letsatsi;

❖shade netting e shopile goba yona yago kgotlelela.

Go bohlokwa go shomisa naelone(nylon) goba fishing line

go kopanya mafelelo a shade netting go dira selindere

(cylinder) bjalo kage e bontshitswe mo seshupetsong. Go

eletswa go shomisa 80% yaleshela la mahuto, la morithi, le

humanega mabenkeleng a balimi.thapo le leshela la morithi

ditlo kgotlelela kudu ge di dirilwe go tshireletswa go letsatsi

(UV).

Mabu:mobu o swanetse o nontshwe gomme

o tsware monyolaga botse. Batho ba

swanetse go kgona go dira mobu wa go

hlakanywa ba shomiswa dilo tse di

humanegago bonolo, efela go tloo tlokega go

experimenta.

Tsela ya yago tlhakanya e gofa mokgwa wa

go hlakanya mabu wa go lekana go dira

serapana se tee sa go phagama.

❖Kiribana tse tshela (6) tsa mobu;

❖Kiribana tse nne tsa morole wa dikgomo

❖Kiribana tse pedi tsa molora.

Go aga serapana sa go phagamishwa ka go hlakanya mabu ke selo sa bo kgabiso. Dikarolo

tse tharo di swanetse go hlakantshwa ga botse,gomme di thape ga nnyane, Gore a

kgoramele ntle le go gatikela ge a beiwa. Ge serapana se fedile, o tsheletse, meetse a

swanetse go tsenelela mobung ka moka le go fihla medung.

Bogare bja maswikana ago sepedisa meetse (Porous core): maswika ao a dirwago a

mashobana a go sepedisameetse a swanetse goagiwa ga botse gore ge go tsheletswa

meetse a sepele botse go tsenelela mobung. Ge ka Afrika Borwa ba leka la mathomo go dira

seo, gobe go shomiswa maswikana a nthokologomme meetse abe a tshabela bogareng bja

serapana Seo se dira gore mobu o mongwe o shale o omile. Maswikana a go kgetiwa ka

hlokomela a ma folate (flat) a rarollotse bothata bjo. Maswikana a ma nnyane a nkgokolo a

goba folete a ka shomiswa, ge fela a pakilwe ka mokgwa wa maleba gore meetse a sepele

gabotse.

Letsogo la goja: Batsea karolo ba Potshini ba tlatsakolomo (column)ka maswikanaka gare

ga serapana;

❖Hlokomela paketana ya gare e tshweu yeo e senago le maragwana e thusha go

swara maswika gabotese gor as e khupetse ke mobu.

❖Shomisa maswikana a ma folete goba dilwana tsa go aga tse folete go dira kholomo

ya goba ya dikgoba tsa go sepeditsa meetse. Bea maswikana fase kago robala gore a

thuse go isa meetse ka mathoko gofitla mobung.

❖Shirogela mafelo awe a shitletswego mo mobung, kage Seo se tla thibela tshepetso

ya meetse.

Mafetso

Mo Afrika Borwa, dirapana tsa lesaka le tsa go phagamishwa e sale gona di

tlomiwa/Tsebitswa (infancy), efele gona le tshepo ya gore dika dira phapajo dinageng tseo

di fisago kudu goba di tonyago kudu le maeko a gose dumelele temo ya merogo ya ka

gae.dirapana tsa go phagamishwa di thomilwe go dirwa mafelong a; Lady Frere le Cala

kgauswi le Queentown ka Kapa Bohlabela, nageng ya Potshini ka Kwazulu-natal, le

Porofentsheng ya Limpopo (limpopo province)go la Nzhelele valley, ka soutpansberg ya

North le Makuleke ka karolong ya North Eastern porofentshe.

Mafelong ka moka a go fapana, mokgwa wo wa serapana o shomile botse, gomme metse ye

mentshi e tswetse pele go shomisa serapana tekano ya go feta ngwaga. Mabaka kgolo a go

tlogela serapana ebile aa latelago:

❖Dipudi le dikgogo difeditse di senya kage serapana ebe sesena le fentshe ya maleba

❖Serapana sebe sele kgole le morala goka nolofatsa gore meetse a ditshila a shomiswe

go tsheletsa.

❖Ka gae ba thomile go humana meetse a ma ntshi, aba dumelela go dira serapana se

segolo, sasetlwaedi.

Naa go hlokega dilo dife go dira serapana sa go phagamishwa?

Naa serapana sa go phagamishwa se dirwa bjang?

MOKGWA WA HLAGO WA GO LAOLA DIKHUNKHUNYANA LE MALWETSI

(Natural Pest and Disease Control)

Godimo ke seswantsho sebontshago tse dingwe tsa dikhunkhunyana/diphidi/digagabi tse

bohlokwa ka serapaneng sa gago. Diphidi tse kamoka ke bakgwera ba rena gomme bare

thusa go laola dikhunkhunyana.

Phapantsho e bohlokwa

Shoma le hlago, gomme o ithute mokgwa wa hlago owe mehlare e kgolago ka wona.

Dikhunkhunyana le ngwang ke karolo ya hlago. Re ka ithuta go hlohlowetsa di

khunkhunyana tse le mehlare yep e re thusago ka serapaneng, ladybirds, praying mantis,

lacewigs, wasps, frogs, lizards le birds, kamoka dija dikhunkhunyana tse di gobatsago

serapana sa rena.di bitswa diji/dihlasela. Ge o ka di tlogela ka serapaneng sa gago, ditlo go

thusa.

RE boletse ka go bjwala merogo ya go fapana mmogo (companion planting) le ka go fetola

fetola. Go ya kgonega go hlakanya merogo le mehlare ye mengwe-ya monkgo wa godimo

yeo e rakago dikhunkhunyana gomme ya bitsa diji/dihlasela (predators)

Mo seswantshong sa ka godimo, nasturtiums le peppermint di bjwadilwe le merogo.

Nasturtium

and mint :

mohlarewa

rakadikhunkh

unyane

Praying

mantis: e

jadikhinkhu

nyane

Lacewings

and their

larvae feed on

aphids

Dinonyana,

digwagwa le

maobukedijitsadikh

unkhunyane

Dihlaselatsa di

wasp di

beyamae a

tsonamodiboko

ngtsadikhunkhu

nyane

Centipedes

eats slugs’s

eggs and are

garden ‘s

friend

Motlase ke mehlare ye mengwe ya menkgo ya go rasa (strong)yeo oka e

bjwalang le merogo ya gago.

Pyrethrum and Feverfew

Mehlare ye keya leloka la chrysanthemum.Ena le mapolomo a mmala omo

sorolwana (white), yeo e dirago bokgabiso ka serapeng gomme e na le

mpholo wa dikhunkhunyana, E ka bjwalwa ka mathoko go rarela

mepetana goba mola le mola serapana ka moka.

Oka reka peu ya dimela tse, ngwalela go aterese ye e latelago

Mahlathini Organics, PO Box 807, Richmond, 3780, KZN, SouthAfrica.

Marigolds (Tagetes spp)

Dimela tse dika shomiswa ka tsela ya go swans le

pyrethrum. Ena le mohola wa go fetisa go raka do

nematodes (dibokwana tsa go hlasela medu ya

dimela) mo mobung.

Fennel

Fennel ke mohlareyo mo kaone go bitsa diwasps, wasps di bea

mae a tsona ka caterpillarska bontshi baona ka letsatsi le tee!.

Wormwood (Artemisia affra)

mehlare ye e gola bjwalo ka sethokgwa se se golo gomme o swanetse go e

bjwalela mafelelong a mepetana goba lefelong leo e tlobang le sebaka sa go

gola.teye (tea) ya go dirwa ka matlakala a sehlare se a lokile kudu go okobatsa

mokhutlwane le phiso mmeleng.

Khakibos and blackjacks

Ngwang bjo bo shomiswa go raka dikhunkhunyana. Boloka e se e me kae mo serapaneng sa

gago!.

Semela sa ka gare ga cauliflower, lettuce, fennel and onion (nyala)se ka gofa taolo ka botlalo

go aphids le diamondback moth. Seo se bolela gore oka se be le go thlaselwa.

Gogola ka go Kwatla(tiya), Mehlare ya go phelega, Dikhunkhunyana le Malwetsi gaa

hlasela mehlare ye e phelegileng.

Mobu wa go nona, Go tshela podiswa le morole go tshweletsa mehlare ya go phelega. Dira

bonnete ba gore mehlare ya gago gae hloki meetse.

Kgetha mehlare eme kaone kudu ka nako ya puno go tsea peu go yona.

Shomisa peu le dimelana tsa go phelega, tsa go nona. Ge mehlare ya gagoe kase be le

mathomo a ma botse, gago Gore eka hlabolloga gee gola, go kaone o thome fase,

Different kinds of

nematodes

Wasp

Diamond back

moth and its larvae

Bjwala merogo ka sehla sa maleba. Go bjwala dimela tse dingwe pele ga nako, e tshireletsa

kgahlanong ya go hlasela. Mohlala ke stalk borer ka gare ga mabele le blight ka gare ga

matsapane (potatoes).

Khupetsa

Ge o tlotsha ngwang, O se tlogele ditlakala ka serapeng gobane monkgo wa ngwang o bitsa

Dikhukhunyana, morole wa meetseomo kaone kudu, o dirwa ka ngwang. Ntle ga fao, bea

ngwang godimo ga morole wa gago wo o bolokilego.

Ge eba thibelo la dikhunkhunyana le Malwetsi gase ya phethagala go dimelana, go sana le

ditsela tse dingwe tsa go laola bothata bjo.

Go tsea taolo ka Bowena.

Dinonyana

Dinonyana mo dimeleng tsa gago,dika rakwa ka

ditsela tse dilatelang:

Shomisa dikotana tse nne le nnete (net) go dira

moseko

Swalela/tshireletsa dimelana ka nnete or motato o

fete godimo.

Goba dira diteratana (mash)o di bofelele

dikotaneng.

Scare crows esa shoma bokaone,ge fela o fela o di

shotisa nako le nako. Dinonyana di tlo tlwaela

morago ga nako.

Cutworms

Tse ke di bokwana tsa go nona tsa mmala o Brown and grey the di

phelago ka fase ga mobu, gomme di ja medu ya mehlare e mennyane.

Cutworms dika kgoboketswa/topiwa mesong, ka mokgwa wa go epa ka

menwana mobung, go rarela mehlare ye e ripilwego. Dibokwana

ntshiwa tsa fiwa dikgogo goba tsa lahlega.

Dimelanadika direlwa dicollars, di beiwa go dukuloga dimelana he do

bjwalwa.netefatsa gore o sobeletsa dicollarfase kudunyana ka mobung

(esebe ka fase ga 3cm,bophaphathi bjwa menwana he mebedi) go sego

bjwalo dibokwana ditlo phuleletsa ka fase ga collar.collar eka dirwa ka

pampiri ya go Tina, (cardboard goba polasetiki ya lebotlelo)

Seedlings and plants are protected

by netting and string

Cutworm and moth

Cutworm collar around

seedlings

From: Productionwithout

Destruction, 1995

Mathomo le mafetso abophelo bjwa Dibokwana (caterpillar)tse ntshi

Serurubele se beyela mae, Ona a phaphasha goba Sebokwana, dija dimelana gomme tsa

fetogela goba do pupa,pupa gae ephepe ka selo. Gimme pupa ya fetogela goba

serurubele,ga se je selo, fela se beela mae

Goya kgonega go goketsa dirurubele tsa go fapana ka seetsa.Mabone a ya

timewa boshego, seo se dira gore phelego/tsweleletso ya Mae e

fokotsege.

Snails and slugs

Dika topiwa ka matsogo gomme tsa bolokwa ka

gare ga pakete ya meetse, goba o fepe dikgogo ka

tsona. Dika rata go dija. Sebjwana sa mokoti ka

gare le madila goba sebiditswa di beiwe ka tsela ya

gore molomo o lekane le lebato/mobu fase, di

slugs le snailditlo bitsa ke seela seo, gomme ditla wela

goba wa di topela gomme wa fepa dikgogo, goba tsa lahwa.

Bophelo Baja

tsedingwetsa di

khunkhunyana

Adult moth

Pupa

Eggs

Larvae/Caterpillar

Light trap for moths and

other insects

From: Production without

Destruction, 1995

Snail

From: The Complete Book of Self

Sufficiency

Dish set in the ground with

fermented liquid, to

attract slugs and snails

Dithlare le mehlare ya teye

Mehlare ya go bjalwa ka bontshi ka go

fapanafapana ska thusa go laola

dikhunkhunyana le Malwetsi.

Dithlare tse dika shomiswa fela ge

mekgwa ya mengwe ya go laola e

paletswe. Bohlokwa bjo bo golo kudu

ke gore ditlhare tsa thlago gadi nyake

tshelete ya ntshi, dika lokishwa ka

gae.

Dintlha tsa go dira seporayi (spray ) sa

mehlare

O ka tlhakanya le ka sesepe (sesepe se steals

feela) go dira gore meetsana a kgoramele

mehlare le dikhunkhunyana. Ose shomise

sesepe sa meetse goba sa lerwele.

Meetse a gago a go tlhakanywa oka shomisa

sefo gore e tlotse ditlakala tseo di ka bago

gona.dika tlotswa ka porashe (brush)ya go

dirwa ka gae ka mabjwana goba dikotana.

Seporayi se se bjalo ka mpholo, gomme dira

bonnete ba gore o apetse dikhunkhunyana

gammogo le dika kamoka tea malwetse

gobotse. Tee dingwe tsa diprai(spray) dika fisa

Mehlare be dile bogale kudu, leka pele

seporayi sa gago go mehlare ese e me kae

(few). Nako ya maleba ya go tshela mehlare ke

ka merithi pele letsatsi le sobela, seporayi se

tlotsa ke pula ge e ena, gomme go swanetse gore o se busheletse.

TaoloyaDikhukhunyana le Malwetsi

IMPORTANT:

These sprays are still poisons.

Make sure that children cannot

reach your preparations. If you

boil up your mixtures, use an old

pot no longer used for cooking.

Wear gloves if you can!

Mo fase ke palo ya ye mengwe ya mehlare, sehlare we dirwa bjwang le

gore se shoma eng:

Sekgopa

Mohuta ofe goba ofe wa sekgopa o ka shomiswa.

Shila matlakala ka gare ga meetse(1:5). Seo se bolela gore o

shomisa a go feta matlakala ga hlano ka palo. Sefa meetse a a

shomisa leshela le le sese gomme o shomise seela seo bjalo ka

seporayi (spray), goba omisa matlakala o a shile ebe lerwele, seo o

ka se thinthela (rorothela) mehlareng or mo go dipeu ge o di beya.

Taolo :

Ants, aphids, termites, grasshoppers

Amaranthus

Goga meetsana gotswa matlakaleng a go lekana 1kg (polasetiki ya lebenkeleng

ya go tlala) se se ka dirwa ka go ripa matlakala gomme wa shila ka leswika.

Gomme o tlhakanye meetsana a gona le meetse a sesepe gomme o tsheletse

(spray).

Laola:

Marothodi a Malwetsi ao a dirilwego ke fungi bjwalo ka kolo letlakaleng.

Wormwood (Lengana/ Umhlonyane)

Ripa matlakala ka meetseng a (1:4) gomme o lete matsatsi a 2-7 pele o a shomisa, oketsa ka

sesepe ka seeleng sa gago.

Control:

Dikhunkhunyana le snails ka kakaretso

Snail

Grasshopper

Makeke (Termite)

Aphids

Ditshoshi (Ants)

Blackjack

komiki ya go tlala peu e tshelele meetse a tlale gomme o a biditse metsotso he

10, goba o a tlogela a dule boshego ka moka.oketsa ka litere e tee (1litre) gomme

o tsheletse.

Taolo:

Dikhunkhunyana ka kakaretso: aphids, ants, beetles, caterpillar,

cutworms,mites, termites and whitefly.

Pherefere

Ripa dipherefere tse khubedu tsa go baba go tlala komiki.

(Tlhokomela kudu gose tlotsi mahlo!)

Tshela meetse a go lekana do litere the pedi (2litres).

Oka kgetha go tlogela seo matsatsi a mebedi Goya go a mararo (2-3days)

goba wa beya mollong go bidisa metsotso ye 15. Tshelela gape sesepe sa

go ripiwa ka bosesane gomme o tlhakanye gofihla sesepe se tologa.ntsha

mashaledi a pherefere ka go shomisa leshela gofitisa sehlakanywa sa gago.

Ka lebaka la komelelo, shomisa ga tee ka beke,

Taolo :

Caterpillars, aphidsand ants.

Konofolo or nyala

Shila maraka a mararo (3) a konofolo , o a thapitse ka gare ga malepola a mabedi a makhura

a go apea goba paraffin matsatsi a mabedi.sekolotsa meetse a go hlakanywa

ka litere e tee (1litre) ya meetse a sesepe. Fokotsa bogale bjo ka 1:10 ya

meetse gomme o shomise ka seporayi (spray).

Taolo:

Dikhukhunyana ka kakaretso: aphids, mites, wireworms, termitele ants.

Malwetsi bjalo ka dikolo tsa mebalana , blight le damping off. Mohlala ke ruso

(rust) ya dinawa le blight ya tomato.

Whitefly

Mites

Termite

Caterpillar

Thismixture

canburn the

leavesof plants if

it istoo strong!

Termite

Aphids

Ants

Marigolds

Shomisa mohlare ka moka. Tsea mehlare ya mebedi goya go he

Meraro, o shile matlakala, medu le mapolomo a yona. Tshela

litere ye tee ya meetse o a thapitse letsatsi le tee, gomme o

oketse ka litere ye tee ya meetse a sesepe, morago o tshele

mehlare. Mashaledi a mohlare aka shomiswa go apeshetsa go

dukuloga mehlare.

Taolo:

Dikhukhunyana ka kakaretso: ants, aphids, beetles, stalk borer.

Malwetse ka kakaretso : Dikolo tea mebalana le blight(blight ya

pele le ya morago)

Matlakala a motsoko

Kgalemo : Motsoko ke mpholo go Dikhukhunyana ka moka le batho. Thlokomela kudu di

tokitsetso tse.

Tsea matlakala a go oma, a go tlala matsogo a

mabedi goba ntlhana ya mafelelo ya motsoko, seo

se lekana le go tlatsa komiki. Oketsa ka di

litere tse thlano tsa meetse, o a beye mollong

metsotso ye 30. Sekodisa. Gomme o oketse ka

sesepe,hlakanya morago o tlogele sehlare sa

gago go fola, tlotsa ga tee ka beke.

Taolo

Cutworms, caterpillars, aphids,

flies and weevils.

Cutworm

Larvae

Bean and

maize

weevils

1 cup cigarette

ends

5 liters ya

meetse

Bidisa

metsotso ya

Sesepe se

setala

Aphids

Strain and add soap

Dihlare tsa go se nontswe:

Ditlhare tse di dirilwe go didiritswa tsa go go se nontswe, esego mehlare, mehlala e filwe no

fase:

Mashaledi a kota

Tlhakanya lelepola le tee la go tlala wa go tshologa ka masheledi a kota le litere ye tee

(1litre) ya meetse a sesepe, O a tlogele boshego ka moka.

Fofoletsa kgahlanong le Dikhukhunyana ka kakaretso.

Tlhakanya lelepola le tee la go tlala wa go tshologa ka mashaledi a kota le litere ye tee ya

meetse a sesepe.tlhakanya le lebekere la meleke wa go baba, o oketseka di litere tse 3 tsa

meetse.

Taolo: moutamo mehlareng le

dikhunkhunyaneng ka kakaretso. Also snails,

slugs, and cutworm

Phatlalatsa morole wa kota ka go rarela fase

mohlareng gomme o a tsheletse ka meetse bo

nyenyane go tsena mobung.

Folouru (Bupi ba go paka)

Tlhakanya le lepola le legolo la folouru ka gare ga litere ye tee ya meetse, tlotsa seo ka fase

ga matlakala fao go nago le mites le aphids. Tlotsa mesong ge letsatsi le tlhabile.

Taolo :Spiders,

mites, caterpillars and

aphids.

Maswana

Tsheletsa thlakantso ya litere ye tee ya maswana le diletara tse 10 tsa meetse go laola

digoko le malwetse a go swana le mouta mo maphoding (pumpkin), thlema ga tamati le

matsapane le mosaic virus go di pepere (peppers). Dira seo morago ga matsatsi a mangle le

a mangwe a lesome,

Greyish-white mould

Yellow spots and dead

tissue

POWDERY MILDEW:

Fine, white floury powder mostly on the

upper surface

Aphids

Mites

Caterpilla

Liquid manures/compost teas

Tlhakanya fotshelo (spade) sa go tlala ka morole ka gare ga di litere tse 10 tsa meetse.

Gomme o beye matsatsi a 10-14.

Fokotsa bogale ba morole wa diphoofolo ka 1:4

Shomisa morole wa teye ole ka tsela ya ona.

Tsheletsa tse mehlareng ya gago morago ga matsatsi a 7-10.

Taolo :

Tshireletsa ka kakaretso kgahlanong le dikhunkhunyana le malwetse. Di raka aphids,

caterpillars, grasshoppers, beetles, mites le cutworms

TLHOKOMELO YA MEHLARE (Pest Control for Fruit Trees)

Go bjalaka go hlakanya.

Kese tlwaedi gore mehlare le dimela tea dingwe di golemmogo, gona le gore di ikemenoshi,

ge o bjalamohuta o tee wasemela, Dikhunkhunyanaditloiketlaka go iphepa. Bjalwamerogole

dimela tsedingwegaregamehlaregohlohleletsa/gokadikhunkhunyanatsago thusa go

laoladikhunkhunyanatsa go se nyakege. Gommetekatekanyetsoe kgonega.

Go yakgonega gape go bjaladimela

tsangwaga, bjalokabjang (oats,annual rye

grass) le legumes (Veitch, lupins) tse di

golamarega,

gommetsahwakaserutwana(summer) go

thusagodiratsa go khupetsamobu le morole.

Goba go yakgonega go godisa dimela

tsasarurimekgahlogamelaeneyamehlare. Fa

otlohlakanyabjang (rye grass,fescue)legumes

(maraka) (clover, lucerne) le dihlare

(comfrey, chicory). Mehlare ye

ekafokotswagantshi, gommeditlakala tea

shomiswa go khupetsamobu, go diramorolegobabjalokadijotsadiphoofolk.Phapanoyentshi e

dira gore gobe le dikhunkhunyanatsentshitseodikathusang go laoladikhunkhunyana le

malwetsi.

Taoloyadikhunkhunyana le malwetsimehlareng ta dikenywa.

Go godisamehlareya go phelega (healthy)kemathomo a mabotse. E matlafetsegomne e

ganetsadikhunkhunyana le malwetsi. Shomisamorole o montshi, podishwa, go

khupetsagammogo le ngwangmehlarengyagagonako le nako,

Mekgwatemengweya go godisamehlaregobaya go phelega le ye maatla.

Go godisa Marigold, leeks le comfrey gauswi

go gokadikhunkhunyana,

Thlohleletsagobagonagadinosi, dinosi di

thusago pollinate mapolomoa

mehlareyadikenywa,

gommeyatsweletsadikenywa, thlohleletsa Bob

gonagadijitsadikhunkhunyana(dikhunkhunyanatsabohlokwa)Dikhunkhunyanatsedijadikhunk

hunyanatsedingwegommetsatsweletsamokgwawahlagowa go laoladikhunkhunyana (tsa go

senyakege), tse di akaretsaladybirds, lacewing, wasp, praying mantis.

Praying mantis ejadikhunkhunyanatsamehuta ye

mentshi.

Wasps di beyelamae a

tsonakagaregadibokotsa go

phelagobadicaterpillars.ge Mae a

phaphasadijadibokotseo.

Lacewing dijadiaphids

Ladybirds dijadi aphids the dintshi le

dikhunkwana.

Digwagwadijadiboko, caterpillars,

slugs, le di snails.

Dragonflies dijadilotsa go fofa, aphids le

meaning.

❖Dira di thlakantsotsebonolo, gobapidiswa yeo tlarakangDikhunkhunyana le Malwetsi

Seporayisakonofolo le nyala

(difetsamatladikhunkhunyanatsedintshi)ripaganyakonofologobanyala ye tee, di

thapitsematsatsi a mabedikagaregaparaffin, oketsaka 0.5litere yameetsegomme o

ntshekonofologobanyalakomeetseng, fakelasesepesunlight se setalasa go etekanela

(medium bar), gomme o thlakanyegofisa di tologakamoka,seo se tlothusa gore meetse a

kgoramelematlakala a mohlare.fokotsabogalebameetse a ka 1:10 gomme o mehlare.

Thlakantsoyametshoko (tobacco ): se seswanetse go

shomiswagabotsekageSeoelepholoyobogale,gommesekabolayadinosi le dikhunkhunyana.

Bidisagofihla go 0.5 yakomikiyamashaledi acigarette

gobamotshokokagaregalitere ye tee yameetse. Ntshameetse

awe gomme o a hlakanye le meetse a di literetsepedi,

tshelelamohlare.

Go theyantshi (fly)tsadikenywa:

dintshitsadikenywadisenywadikenywamoragonakokasehla,

kamokgwawa go do hlaba/Loma gommetsabeyelamae last

garegadikenywatseo. Di bokwana di

phaphatsetsakafaogommetsabodisadikenywa.dintshitsadikenywadijadikenywatsa go

butswagoswana le plums, grapes leorange. Oka Tlatsasa go theyasagagokameetse ago

tlhakanywa le Kenya (shomisaKenywaefegobaefeya go ba le monkgo o mobose), meetse le

swikiri. Di fofitsaKenywa di tlofofelakagaregasetheoseo go nyaka go ja, gommeseka se

humane tselaya go tswa gape.

Mokgwa o mongwewa go

swaradintshitsadikenywake go tlhakanyaBovril

goba Marmite di tlhakanye le mpholowago swana

lemotshokowa go kopanywa (wakagodimo).

Dintshitsadikenywadikalaolwa gape

kagotopadikenywatsawelafase le tsa go

bolakafasegamehlaretsatsikatsatsi, Dikenywadi

topelwekagaregapaketeyameetse, Gore dibokwana di kgame

k meetse. Dikenywa di kafiwadikgogo le dikolobe. Go

bohlokwa Gore dibokwanadisekgomefase. Di

phulagotswakagaregaKenywagophula go

tsenamobunggommetsathomabophelo bio

bongwebadintshitsadikenywa.

▪Raretsa go bofamohlarekapampirigobaleshela la go hlotswakamakhura go

rarelakutuyamohlareo mongwe le o mongwe.

Makhuraasekgomekotakageelempholo.

Dikhunkhunyanadifegobadife, Ants le

Dikhunkhunyanathe dingwetse di

tsamayangmohlarengditlokgoramelatsahwa.

▪Malwetse go swana le mildew

(bosweubapuweremahlakaleng kudu

modiapoleng, di pears le vines,), dikolwanatsentso

(mebalana ye mentsodikenyweng le mahlakaleng)

le go retogalgamatlakala (kudugo peaches le

nectarines)

dikalaolwakamokakagothinthamehlareledikenywakasulphur goba copper-

oxychloride. Dichemical/dihlaretsedikahumanegamabenkeleng a

dilotsadirapana le a mangwemabenkele a di hardware.

MATSENO A GO BOLOKA PEU (Introdcution to Seed Saving)

Go tsa temo le dirapana, Poloko ya peu ke go ithuta go boloka peu goba ditsweletswa tse

dingwe le tse dingwe (bjwalo ka tubers)gotswa gomerogo ya go thlola peu e bulegile, grain,

meriana le mapolomo go re dishomiswe ngwaga ka ngwaga, gammogo le dimake, mehlare

ya dikenywa, diberries tsa mengwaga le mehlare.

Poloko ya peu ke motheo wa goikemela bjwalo ka mobjwadi wa dijo tsa selegae. O ka

ikgethela bontshing bjamehuta ya dibjwalwa tseo o dinyakago gomme wadi boloka. Gago

hlokagale gore o reke peu. Gona gape mehuta ye mentshi ya dipeu tseo balemi badi

bolokago goba tseo ba direkago gomme morago gago godisa dimela ba epolokela peu.

Kgodiso gotswa semeleng goya Semeleng,

Go akaretsa tse di latelago:

•Go thunya ga peu mobung,

•Go bjalolla

dimelana/dimpsanyana,

•Go hlokomela mehlare ya go

kgethega ya go phelega gofitlhela

e gola, gore

•Dipeu tsa yona dika kgobokanywa,

gomme

•Tsa bolokelwa ngwaga wago

latela.

Dimela di tlwaela lefelo leo di golelang go

lona gomme tsa tsweletsa peu ya go ba le

dika tsa lefelo leo, di tsweletsa dipeu tseo

di kgonago go kgotlelela lefelo leo

bokaone.

Gona le dilo tse mmalwa tseo o hlokago godi kwesisa ka mokgwa wo dimela di shomago ka

gona gore o tswelele gobolokeng peu ga gago. Seripaneng sese latelago, retlo boledisana ka

tshelelo ya bonna go thlola peu (thlolo ya peu ya mohlare ka boona le thusano ya mehlare

go thloleng peu), tshelelo ya bonna e direga bjwang, le gore o kgetha le go boloka bjwang

peu.

Mapolomo

Mehuta ya merogo yago fapana e tsweletsa mapolomo a setho

sa senna (anther) le sa sesadi (stigma) lepolomong le tee. Seo se

bitswa lepolomo a go kgethega.

La go ja: mohlala wa lepolomo la go kgethegamo karolo ya

sesadi( stigma)se rareditswe ke karolo tsa senna (brinjal)

Lege gole bjwalo, dimeleng tsa lefela(lebele) le leloko la maraka

(cucumbers, magapu, mafodi, tse dingwe), karolo ya senna le ya

sesadi di semeleng se tee fela mapolomong a go fapana. Ao a

bitswa mapolomo ago se kgethegi.

La go ja: karolo ya banna le ya bosadi molepolomong la samela

sa lefodi di bulegile go bontsha bonna le bosadi mapolomong

ago fapana.

Thlolego ya peu.

Thlolego yapeumehlareng e direga ge bonna bo

tsenaka gare ga bja bosadi. Mapolomong a go

kgethega hlolego ya peu e direga ka bonotshi.

Mohlala wa thlolego ya peu mapolomong a go

kgethega

oLettuce, tamati, capsicum (pepere) le

okra dinale karolo ya senna kgauswi

kudu le karolo ya sesadi fao elego gore,

ge moyanyana oka foka, oka dira gore

karolo ya bonna e wela ka gare ga ya

bosadi mo lepolomong le tee gomme seo sa thlola peu, a ehlolela peu ka bonoshi,

efela lege ele mapolomo a leloko le tee aka direlana peu.

Ka kakaretso, mehlare ye e itirelago peu, eka bjalwa kgauswi le kgauswi(4-200m),ntle le

gore e tshelelane bonna. Efela esale kakanyo ye botse go aroganyamehlare ya go fapana ya

leloko le tee kgole le kgole (bjalo ka,mehuta ya go fapana ya lettuce)ka gore tshelelano eka

direga kudu fao elego gore karolo ya bonna eka sepetswa ke

moya. Tseo di akaretsa gape le sepenatshe le beetroot.

oGo legoro la dinawa le diponkisi,Thlolego ya peu ka

bonotshi e direga pele ga ge lepolomo le bulega.

oYe mengwe ya mehlare ya go kgethega e hloka go

thlakantswa gore e dire peu. Go hlokagala

dikhunkhwana go tsamaisa karolo ya bonna go thusa ka

thlolego ya peu. Nyala, kherotse (dithlola peu ka thuso

ya seboba le dintshi)khabetshele, erekisi, di wela

lelokongle. Seo se bolela gore mehuta kamoka ya leloko

le eka thusana(cross pollinate).

La go ja: nosi e tshela bonna hlogwaneng ya lepolomo la nyala.

mohlala: dibrassicas di tshelelana bonna ka bo tsona.gora gore

khabetshe, broccoli, cauliflower, kale le brussle sprouts di tshelelana ka

bo tsona, gomme Chinese khabetshe,erekisi le Mogwaripa sepenatshe

di a thusana kage ele tsa leloko le tee.

La goja: semelana sa khabetshe.

Dimela tsa go thusana go dira peu, di tsweletsa dimelana tsamehuta

yago fapana ya go ba le kgotlelelo ya boemo ba go fetoga fetoga

bjalefelo.

Mohlala wa Tlholego ya peu mapolomong a go kgethega.

Dibjalwa tsa go se kgethegi di hloka moya goba dikhunkhwana bjalo ka

dinosi go sepedisa karolo ya bonna gotswa semeleng sa monna goya

karolong ya sesadi semeleng sa mosadi.

Mohlala, lefela/lebele le hlola peu ka go tsenelwa ke peu ya go sepedisa

ke moya. Mabele a mantshi a tshelelwake moya, go akaretsa leroro,

leotsa le ntso. Karolo ya bonna ya go sepeditswa ke moya eka sepela lebaka le letelele

(dikilometara tse dintshi) mo moyeng pele efihla fase.

Maraka ( lefodi, magapu, gourds le khukhumba) a tshelelwa bonna ke dinosi. Mehlala ye

mengwe ke phopho le asparagus.

Tshelelano ya bonna le dimela tse shele (hybrid)

Dipeu tsa merogo dika bolokwa go bjala dimela tse dingwe nakong ye e tlago, efela gase peu

ka moka yeo e swanetswego go bolokwa, mehuta ya peu yeo e swanetse go bolokwa ke peu

tsa gaborena (local)tseo elego gore ke kgale di bjwalwa lefelong le itseng lebaka le letelele.

Dimela tsa go etirela peu (bjalo ka dinawa le diponkisi) , le tsa go thutswa (bjalo ka pepere,

khukhumba le kharotse).

Mehuta ya gorekishwa ya F1 hybride tlwaelegile mo merogong ya go bjalwa mehleng ya

lehono. Lege gole bjale, peu ya dimela sa go hlakantshwa gase ya swanelwa go bolokwa, ka

Gobane peu yaF1 hybrid e hlolegile ka hlase ga kgatelelo gotswa dimeleng tsa maloko a go

fapana, dimela tseo elego gore ka tswanelo gase tsa swanela go thusana go dira peu. Peu ya

gotswa semeleng sa go hlakanelwa etlo tswelela ese e phelegi goba ya tsweletsa mehuta ya

go fapana ya ditsweletswa.

Gore bheke e swere peu ya go hlakanelwa (hybrid) o bona ka leswika le:

Go laola thlolego ya peu dimeleng tsa go thusana

Semala se sengwe le se sengwe seo se tsheletswego karolo ya bonna ke nosi goba moya se

hloka go arogantswa le mehuta ye mengwe ya dimela tsa go swana naso go emisa gore se

sehlwa se tsenelana le dimela tse dingwe. KA fase ke mekgwa yeo oka e lekago go tsweletsa

gohlwekadipeung.

Digoditse o di arogantse:

Godisa dimela tsa go thusana bokgole bja 500m goba go feta, ke bokgole bjo elego gore

dikhukhwana di ya bofofa, le ge ele gore nosi e fofa bokgole bja 4km. Ditshitisotse di

fokotsago moya goba Dikhunkhwana bjalo ka hedges, meago, goba maporitshe aka fokotsa

Tlholego ya peu kamogwa wa go tshelela ya bonna.

Di aroganye ka nako:

Seo se kgonega ge dimela ka moka dipoloma(ntsha mapolomo) ka nako e tee, bjalo ka lefela

le mosonoro polomo. Tshelelano ya bonna e ka thibelwamo dimeleng tsa go fapana, tseo di

hlohlorago bonna ba tsona ka dinako tsa go fapana ,kago bjalwa mathomong,gare goba

mafelelong a sehla.

Ditshireletso:

Seshireletso (ntlwana) se hlokega go shomisheswa dimela tsa go thunya mapolomo lebaka

le letelele,bjalo ka khabetshe, pepere(pepper)le pherefere.beya dintlwana tsa go dirwa ka

leshika go khurumetsa dikotana tsa mapolomo a

mehuta ya go fapana go thibela dikhunkhwana ka

moka, tshelela bonna ka seatla.

La goja: tswalelela dimela tsa pepere ka gare ga

ntlwana ya nnete ye nnyane.(Gotswa go sentara

ya lefase ka ya merogo, ya boloka peu ya morogo

ya gago).

Tswalelela mohuta o tee,yemengwe o e tlogele

Seo se ka dirwa lebakeng la go thusa Thlolego ya

peu ka go shomisa letsogo mapolomong a go thunya ka nako e tee, mehuteng yeo e

thusago ke dikhunkhwana go thlola peu. tswalelela mohuta o tee gomme mohuta o

mongwe o thuse ke dikhunkhwana.

Gape o boye o khupetso mohuta wa bobedi gomme dikhunkhwana di thuse wa pele,

morago gage e tsheletswe, mehut ka bobedi e

swanetse go khupetswa gofihlela e fetsa go

thunya.

La goja :serapana sa merogo sa goba le bontshi

bja dintlwana tsa go aroganywa.

(gotswa gowww.alcoopershomecountry.blogspot.com/preserving our seed heritage)

Go dira ntlwana ya moema nosi

Go dira ntlwana ya moema nosi ya go swanela merogo, O hloka lashika(fly-screen) la

masheleng a fase(cheap) goba nnete ya metara o tee (1m) ka metara tse tlhano(5m) ,

mahlokanoka a mane goba dikotana tse di sese, le thapo gammogo le motato wa serapana.

Seo se dira ntlwana gore ebe e kgolo go lekana dimela tse

tharo goya go tse nne.

Ripa karolwana ya go lekelelana ya goleka (1 m × 1 m) go

tswalela ka mo godimo. Tswalela mathoto go ya ka botele

bja diphata tsa gago. Shomisha lenti goba thapo go

raretsa diphata gore o tle o kgone go bofela leshisana le

go lona.

Go khupetsa mehlareya gago, epela mahlokanoka a mane

go dira sekwere (square) sebe ka fasenyana ka go bulega

go na le bogodimo ba ntlwana ya gago,gore di tswelele ga

nnyane gona le botelele bja ntlwana. Bofa motato go

rarela bogodimo ba lehlakanoka le lengwe le le

lengwe,gomme o raretse thapo sekwereng bogodimo ba

mahlakanoka awo a tswerego ke motato gore a se ke

awa. O bowe o raretse gape thapo ya bobedi fase go

mahlakanoka go thibela gore a seke a raga dimela. Morago o

fakela ntlwana ka godimo ga mehlare gomme o swareletse

ka go tshela mabu goba maswikana ka mathoko fase.

Godimo ka go la gija: mohlala wa ntlwana ye bonolo ya go

dirwe ka leshika (nylon).(From www.realseeds.co.uk) la goja:

ntlwana ya go tlhola peu ye e dirilwego ka dikotana le nnete

tse diswarwetsego fase go thibela dikhunkhwana go tsena.

Go khupetsa ka bekana le tshomiso ya matsogo go tlhola peu.

Ge ele gore mekgweng ya ka godimo ya go aroganya gae kgonege go wena, goba

onyakagoba le taolo ka botlalo gore ke mehlare efe ye eka thusanang go tlhola peu, oka

tshelela mapolomo bonna ka Bowena mohlare o tee o tee gomme wa tswalela

dihlogwana/mapolomo a dimela ka leshela goba mokotlana wa pampiri, Tsela ye e shoma

bokaone mo dimeleng tsa mapolomo a magolo, bjalo ka

mafodi goba lefela.

Shomiso ya bheke e hlokagala go tloga letsatsi pele

hlogwana e bulega go fihla ka nako ye lepolomo le

hlohloregago semeleng, bjalo mekotlana gae gapeletsege

gore ebe ya go kgotlelelalebaka le letelele. LE ge gole bjalo, e

swanetse go swalela lepolomo ga botse go thibela

hlohlorego ya bonna goba go amogela bonna gotswa

dimeleng tse dingwe.

Lagoha: Hlogwana goba lepolomo last lefela le khupeditswe

ka mokotlana wa pampiri lebaka kamoka last thlolego ya

peu go netefatsa tsweleletso ya go hlweka (mehuta) (gotswa

go www.info.seedsavers.org)

Mokotlana o swanetse go dirwa ka pampiri ya go kgona go

busa moya gore semela se humane letsatsi, moya le

meetse. Mokotlana wapampiri o shoma mafelong a go oma,

efela eka dira gore gobe le gobola/senyega gobabho thibela

lesedi ge go thapile.

la goja: polasetiki ya go tsentsa moya ‘leshela’e

tswarishitswe ka pekse go khupetsa lepolomo la lefodi.

(gotswa www.realseeds.co.uk)

Go tshelela maraka(cucurbits)bonna ka letsogo go akaretsa

go kgetha mapolomo a bonna le a bosadi a atlogo thusana letsatsi pele a shomiswa, ge a

thoma go bula hlogwana. Gomme a tswalelwa ka go bofiwa ka tapegofihla mesong ya go

lateral, ge gotlo tsewa bonna gotswa lepolomong la bonna goya go la bosadi, gwa busa la

swalelwa gape go dumelela bonna go nontsha

lepolomo la bosadi. Tape e tlogela lepolomong

go fihla ge lepolomo le thlothlorega gomme le

wena fase. Gomme Kenywa ya gona e beiwa

lehlo go tlo kgoboketsa peu gotswa go yona.

La goja:lepolomo la bosadi le bofilwe ka tape go

thusa tlholego ya peu(

gotswa:www.chickensintheroad. com / hand-

pollinating squash)

Mokgwa wa go kgetha peu

oPeu e swanetse ebe le ditlabekelo tsa go swana le semela seo etswago go sona. Ge o

bjetse brinjal e telele, purplet, tsea peu gotswa kenyweng ye telele, e purple, ge

Kenywa e bonala e fapana/fapogile Seo se bolela gore le peu etlo fapana

oTomula dimela tseo di bonalago disa kgahlishe pele di poloma. Bjalo ka dimela tsa go

gola ga nnyane, tsa go fokola/goba le malwetsi goba tseo di thlolago peu pele ga

nako.

oBuna peu gotswa dimeleng tsa go phelega le go bogela gabotse.

oBuna peu yeo e tswelelago ga botse gotswa dimeleng tse di sokolang, bjalo ka

phiso/phefo ya godimo, dimela tsa go lwesa malwetsi goba go hlaselwa ke

dikhunkhwana.

oBuna peu fela gotswa dimeleng tsa go

phelega. Ge matlakala goba dikenywa di

bonala go senyega, o seke wa shomisa peu

gotswa go sona. Malwetsi a sepela le peu

gomme a tlo bonala semeleng sa go latelago.

oGape ose bune peu ya go ba le bolwetsi bjalo

ka go bipa (mould)goba mmala o boraone.

oO seke wa buna peu gotswa dimeleng tsa di

bolted . Bolting ke ge semela se eba le peu

pele ga nako, seo seka dira ke goimelega ga

semela, bjalo ka gofisa goba komelelo, efela

e agilwe le yona. Bjalo ge o tsea peu gotswa

semeleng se se dirilego peu , o dira bjalo go

godisa semela se se tlago go dira peu pele ga

nako, goba sa go tsweletsa peu ka pela. Seo

se bohlokwa kudu mo dimeleng tsa go swana le sepenatshe samustard le lettuce ge

o nyaka matlakala a lebaka le letelele.

oBuna peu ge e lokile. Peu ya gose gole gabotse ekase gone go mela, kage ese e fetse

go bopega ( peu ya mmala o mo tala goba ya go thapa). Peu ta go gola kudu e

phakisa ya bola pele e bjalwa. Oseke wa buna peu yeo e gobaditsego ke

dikhunkhwana goba go gobala ka tsela efe goba efe, peu e mela fela ge e feletse.

Taelo ya go boloka peu ya dimelana tse di kgethilwego.

Tafola ya Sekgoba sa go aroganya dimela

Semela

Sekgoba sa go

aroganya

Mothutshi

thlolegong ya peu

Thepe

~1000m

Moya,

dikhunkhwana

Lamb's Quarters

~ 1000m

Moya

Diponkisi tsa go

tlwaelega

Ka bo tsona

Diponkisi, Lima

0 to 2m

Ka bo tsona

Nawa

0 to 2m

Ka bo tsona

Leroro

800m

Ka bo tsona

Lefela

800m- 3200 m

Moya

Chinese Cabbage

~ 400m

Dikhunkhwana

Chinese Mustard

~ 400m

Dikhunkhwana

Kale

~ 400m

Dikhunkhwana

Mokgaripa

~400 m

Dikhunkhwana

Matanda

500m or more

Ka bo

tsona,Dikhunkhwana

Lefodi

400m - 800m

Dikhunkhwana

Legapu

400m - 800m

Dikhunkhwana

Gourds

400m-800m

Dikhunkhwana

Buna peu gotswa go dimela tsa bonyane bja

go lekana tshela (6) tseo o nyakago go di

boloka. Go dimela tse dingwe bjalo ka nyala

o swanetse go boloka peu go swa go dimela

tsa bonnyane bja go lekana masomepedi

(20) go dimela tsa go swana le

sonoropolomo le lehea peu a ka bolokwa go

swa dimeleng tsa magareng ga 50 le 100. Go

lehea la mebalabala o ka lahlegelwa ke

mmala ge o somishitse peu ya go tswa

dimeleng tse nnyane.

Go shoma ka sekgoba(distance) sa goaroganya goka ba boima ntle fela le ge motho goba

sehlopha se godisa mohuta o tee wa semelana gomme sehlopa/motho yo mongwe a godisa

mohuta o mongwe. Dikgoba tse di bohlokwa ka ge di go thusa gape le gore o bjale bogole

bjo bokakang le moagisane wa gago go thibela go thusana ga dimela thlolegong ya peu.

Peu e humanega kae?

Hlogwana ya peu

Mehlare ye mengwe enadipokete (pocket) tsa go swara peu, bjalo ka diponkisi . Tse di

swarago peu, bjalo ka diponkisi le legoro la dinawa, tse di

bitswadigora/(legumes). Gantshi di itirela peu ka

botsona. Bjalo gago hlokagale go aroganya mehuta ya go

fapana.

Go kgoboketsa peu, dumelela dipotlana go golela

mehlareng gofihlela di fetoga goba tse tshehla gomme

tsa omelela, ka nako ya pula (monyola), kgoboketsa

dipotlana ka e tee e tee ge dile kgauswi le go fetola

mmala gomme o di ale lefelong la go utamela pula la

goba le moya wa go foka gofihlela dipotlana di oma . Ge

di omile, khurumolla dinawa ka dipotlaneng gomme o

tswele pele go di omisa. Dinawa di swanetse go oma kudu gore ge o dikgama di nywathege,

esego go potega(go tlogela meno). Boloka ka sebjaneng sa go swalelela moya-ge di omile wa

maleba, o boloke lefelong la go iketla (cool) leswiswing, dinawa ditlo kgotlelela nako ya

mengwaga ye meraro.

Ge e le gore ona le bothata bja diweevils tsa goja peu ya gago, khurumela sebjana gomme o

se beya ka foritshing/aeseng (freezer) ka pela morago ga go e omisa tekano ya beke; seo se

tlo bolaya Mae ka moka a dikhunkhwana pele aka phaphasha. Morago ga go ntsha sebjana

ka foritshing, beya sebjana se boele temperatsheng ya yona (room

temperature) pele o sebela, go sego bjwale dinawa ditlo goga

mphufutso (moisture) gotswa moyeng.

Semela sa matlakala bjalo ka lettuce le Swiss chard do mela katana

gotswa bogare bja semela. Lepolomo le peu ditlo direga gotswa

kotaneng nyeo.

Brassicas (leloko la khabetshe) e thoma ka go tsweletsa hlogo, goba

matlakala a mokgobo. Mohlala ke khabetshe, cauliflower,

broccoli,kholrabi, kale,khabetshe ya machina le mustard spinach.

Morago ga fao, ka sehla se sengwa sa go hutumela, kotana ya

lepolomo e tlo golela ka ntle gomme dipotlana tsa peu tsa tswelela go yona. Ka nako ye

ngwe go hlokagala go ripa ka go tsenelela hlogwaneng go thusa kotana gore e tswelele,Seo

seka tsea lebaka la dikgwedi tse lesome seswai (18).

Meloko la khabetshe a hloka nosi go sepedisa bonna gotswe mohlareng goya mohlareng. O

hloka dimela tse dintshi ka fao go gonegago go tsea peu gotswa go tsona (esego ka fase ga

6, efela go fihla go 20). Semela we tee ka go sona seka no hloka peu. Brassicas e thusana le

semela were goba sefe sa leloko. Khabetshe e thusana le cauliflower goba broccoli goba

Beans

Lettuce

diponkisi

khabetshe ya ma-china!!! Go bohlokwa go aroganya meloko ya gofapana ya

khabetshe gore o humane peu.

Dimela tsa medu bjalo ka kharotse :Ka mohuta yo wa semela, hlogwana e

tlo tia/kotana gomme ya ba bothata, ya tsweletsa kotana ye telele fao go tlo

go mela mapolomo le peu. Seo se ka tsea lebaka la dikgwedi tse senyane

(9).Seboba le dintshi di rwala bonna gotswa go mokgobo (umbel)wa peu

goya go omongwe goba semela se sengwe. Dimela tse dingwe tsa leloko la

umbelifferae (mapolomo a sebopego sa amporela),di shomisa mokgwa wa

go swana. Mohlala ke Celery, pass key,fennel le parsnips.

Dimela tsa modu bjalo ka nyala: Semeleng se sebjalo

sa modu, kotana ya lepolomo e hloga ka sehla sa

bobedi sa borutho, kage semela se tseya mengwaga he

mebedi go gola. Kotana ga ena le matlakala,e na le

Sekgoba sa moya (hollow),e bothata , gape e ka gola ka

botelele.

Dimela tse dingwe tsa leloko le (Amaryllidaceae) ke leeks,shallots,

konofolo, nyala ya gohloka kutu, matlakala (chives)lematlakala a

konofolo.Dimela tse di thuswa ke nosi thlolegong ya peu. Thlolego ya

peu e direga ka gare ga lepolomo go mapolomo a mannyane le

semeleng se sengwe goya go sesengwe. Peu ya dimela tse 20 e

swanetse go bolokwa go matlafatsa mehuta ya peu (variety). Peu ga di

lokele go bunwa ka nako e tee go hlokagala gore di bunwa ka nako ye di

lokilego ka yona, ka ge di rata go pharoga gomme tsa fofisa ke moya.

Tlogela peu semeleng gore e ome. Mo semeleng seo elego gore

hlogwana e ya pharoga gomme peu ya fofa, o tlo swanela go e

kgoboketsa ka pela ge e oma,gona le go emela dipeu di loka ka moka. Mohlala ke lettuce,

kherotse, parsnips lenyala.

Peu ya dikenywa

Kenywa e tsweletswa fela morago ga gonontshwa ga

bogare bja bosadi (ovules) go direga. Bogare bja bosadi

bo hlolega go tsweletsa peu ka gare ga kenywa.

Kenywa e bunwa ge e le lebaka le letelelenyana e

botswitse. Mohlala ke tamati, pherefere, capsicums

(pepere ya tala), gooseberies le brinjal.

Semela hlogo

ya peu tsa

carrots

Pherefere

le peu ya

yona

Legoro goba

mehuta la

dipherefere

Tamati le capsicums di dira peu ka ntle le thuso. Dimela tse dingwe ka lelokong la

Solanaceae bjalo ka perefere le brinjals di ya thusana

go thlola peu. Ge o bjetse mohuta wa go feta o tee wa

perefere, di swanetse go aroganywa. Go sego fao o ka

humana dimaka fela.

Mafodi,magapu, gourds le squashes di bunwa do

butshwitse kudu gomme tsa tlogela a dibeke ke

mmalwa gore peu e fetse go gola. Gona le mehuta ye

mentshi ya mafodi le magapu. Mehuta a moka ya

mafodi e tshelelane bonna, efela aka seke ya thusana

le magapu,khukhumba goba marrows, tseo elego gore

di ka lelokong le tee (cucurbitaceae). Mo lelokong le

gona le go thusana ga mohuta o tee fela esego

lelokong ka moka. Mohlala ke khukhamba e kese

thusane le lefodi. Mokgwa o mo kaone (mohlomongwe

wona fela) wa go boloka peu ya lefodi ka gae ke go

tshelela kenywa bonna ka letshogo.

Lelokong le, semela se na le mapolomo a bonna le bosadi. Mapolomo a bonna a gola

kotanego e telele e sesnyana gomma a bulega pele ga mapolomo a bosadi, ao a golago

kotaneng e nnyane gomme ana le go roroga ka fase.

Khukhamba le marrows di tlogelwa semeleng gofitla digola go lekanego; khukhamba etlo

fetoga e poraone (brown) gomme marrows ya ba e yellow e kgolo (kudu).

Dipeu tsa go jewa.

Mohlala ke lefela, dinawa, peas le mosonoro polomo. Tse di tlogelwa semeleng gofihlela di

gotse gomme di omile.

O tseba bjang ge peu ya gago e lokile?

oKenywa e na le modumo wa lefela (hollow sound) gape/goba kenywa e tlogelane le

lekabi. Mohlala: lefodi, cucumbers. Mo dikenyweng tse go thusa ge oka tlogela peu

ka gare ga kenywadibeke morago ga go dikga.

oMmala, bogolo le seemo saKenywa. Mohlala: Tamati le pherefere ye khubedu,

aubergines (purple or yellow). Pepere ye tala e hloka go tlogela go fihlela e fetoga ye

khubedu. Ge ele ye tala gase ya gola go lekana!!!

oPotlana e pharoga. Mohlala:diponkisi, legoro la dinawa,dinawa.

oGo oma.Mohlala:kherotse, coriander, lettuce, sebinitshe, khabetshe(hlogwana ya

peu e fetoga poraone ka mmala gomme ya oma)

Go hlwekisa peu

Go hlokola

Dipotlana le dikotana di hloka go tloshwa peung, ka Gobane dika fihla dikhunkhwane,tsa

hlasela peu e bolokilwe.

Bonna le o tshadi bja

letsoba (lepolomo)

oPeu le dipotlana di foshetswa moyeng gomme

dipotlana tsa tsewa ke moya.mangkinyana wa go

rapalala wa go telefatswa (elongated) o shoma

bokaone.

oGoba Tshela peu ka sekotlelwaneng gomme o se

shikinye gofihla ditshila di phaphamala ka godimo.

Gomme ka boiketlo butswetsa dipotlana tseo.

oPeu ya ka dipotlaneng(peas,dinawap ge ele ye ntshi

eka tshelwa ka lesakeng gomme la gatakiwa goba la

betwa ka kota. Dipotlana tsa go omelela di ka hlokolwa

(winnowed)

Hlwekiso ya meetse

Mokgwa wo o shomiswa dimeleng tseo di swarago dipeu

ka gare ga kenywa ya go thapa, bjalo ka tamati, legapu,

lefodi le khukhumpa (cucumber)

oNtsha peu o e tshele ka sebjaneng se segolo sa

goba le meetse gomme o fogohle peu kudu. Tsholla meetse gomme o beye peu

lefelong la go etekanelagore e ome.

oBidisapeu ya tamati le khukhumpa. Dipeu tse di dula ka gare ga kenywa gomme di na

le jelly ka fao dia thelela. Jelly ye e hloka go tloshwa pele gage peu e mela. Go thusa

le go kgetolla peu go dipeu tsa go tswara ke tlhama (seed-borne

diseases).

Mokgwa:

Tshela peu ka gare ga sebjana. O tshele meetse go di khupetsa. Tshela

lelepola le tee goba a mabedi a leswai morago o feretle/huduwe

gofihlela le tologa.

Bjalo tlogela moswako o lebaka la matsatsi a mararo goya go a mane

(esego go feta). Gotlo tswelela lehulo go bontsha gore go betse

gomme jelly e tologile.

Pula/hlaswa peu ka meetse ka meetse a mantshi. Yala peu gore e ome

lefelong la maleba ka gare ga sebjana sa go tswalelela moya bjalo ka

lebotlelo.

Go omisa peu

Peu e kgolo e tsea naako e telele go

oma go feta peu e nnyane. Mokgwa

wa go hlahloba peu ye kgolo (bjalo ka

nawa) ke go leka go loma peu,ge

gosena le mashaledi a meno seo ke

bontsha gore e lokile.

oO hlokago omisa peu lefelong la go hloka letsatsi, la

go oma, phefong le moya.

oka nako ya pula le phefo, bea peu godimo ga

sekerine (screen) go thibela tsa go fofa gomme o di

beya godimo ga di racks ka ntlong ya go hutumela,

bjalo ka morala.

oLekeletsa tse dingwe ka gare ga peke ya pampiri

lefelong la goba le phefo.

oBeya bontshi bja peu sekerining goba o di lekeletse

ka lesaka la hessian. O seke wa shomisa peke ya

polasetiki.

Lefelo la go boloka peu

Nako ya go boloka peu gore e ome, go

ithegile ka:

oMohuta wa peu;

oDika tsa peu;le

oBoemo bja lefelo la go polokela

Boemo bja lefelo la go bolokela

Leswiswi

Humana tsela ya go poloka peu lefelong

la leswiswi. Shomisa peke ya pampiri,

polasetiki ye ntsho le jeke ya lebotlelo

gomme o di beye ka gare ga

khaboto(cupboard). O SEKE wa beya

peu godimo ga shelefo ka lebotlelo la go

bontsha.

Monyola

Le ge peu e omile, ge o ka di boloka

lefelong la go thapa, ditlo nwa meetse

goba monyola owe. Seo se laola gore

peu ya gago e ka dula lebaka le

lekakang. Re ka omisa peu kudu moyeng, o seke wa omisa peu ka letsatsi, efela lefelon la

moya morithing. Ge gona le pla le mmuwane o

montshi, go tlo ba boima go omisa peu, kudu peu tse

di kgolo bjalo ka nawa le peas.

Bophelo bja peu bo ya oketsega ga bedi ge go thapa

ga yona go fokotswa ka 1%

Boemo bja leratadima

Bontshi bja dipeu bo ka dula nako ya

go lekana mengwaga e merago goya

go e mehlane (3 –5) pele e senyeg.

Go senyega re bolela ka gore, pue

yeo e senyegilego ga e mele. Peu e

ka lebelelega ele e botse, seo se

bolele gore e tla go mela (ga e ka

dula nako e telele dudu e ka na ya se

mele.

Ge peu e lokokilwe lifelong la go fisha ,

la goba le seatsa (letsatsi) goba mo go

nago le monola, peu yeo e lahlegelwa

ke setlogo sa yona ka lebelo.Seo se ka

go paledisha go e bjala ngwaga wo o

latelago . Dipeu dirata lefelo la go oma,

la go hloka seetsa gore etle ekgone go

mela.

Peu e phela lebeka le letelele ge go tonya, empa esego

moemong bja lehlwa(freezing). Kgetha lefelo la go thonya

bjalo ka kgauswi le noka, ka fase ga mehlare, ka fase ga

mobu goba ka gare ga sebjana sa letsopa.

Bophelo bja peu bo oketsega ga bedi ge temperatsha ya

lefelo la bobolokelo e fokotswa ka 5°C.

Dikhunkhwane

Ditshupa(weevils), mouta le dipaketheria(bacteria) di fokotsa bophelo bja dipeu.

oTshupa e thoma go oketsega ge monyola o oketsega(10% goba go feta).mae a

tsona a beyelwa ka gare ga peu, ka fase ga letlalo la peu, gomme khunkhwana ya

phaphasa fao.

oMouta wa lefelong la bobolokelo o thoma go oketsega ge monyola o le

godimo kudu(gauswi le 13% goba go feta) gomme pakteri(bacteria) e gola go

thoma ka (20% ya monnyola). Gantshi o kase kgone go lekola palo ya monyola

peun. Fela seo o ka sedirago ke go hlokomela gore peu e dula e omile nako ka

moka.

Dishomiswa tsa go thibela go gola ga dikhunkhwana:

omolora wa go oma :se se thibela monola ka gare ga sebjana gape se thibela le go

gola le koketsego ya tshupa. Tshela ½ kilogram ya molora go 1 kilogram ya peu.

oKalaka:e ka shmiswa ka tsela yag swana lemolora. Kopanya 15 ya malepola a

teye(50grams) le kilogram ye nngwe le ye nngwe ya peu.

oMakhura a go apeya:hlakanya makhura a go apea le peu go thibela kokeletsego ya

tshupa.shomisa fela lelepola letee la makhura go kilogram ye nngwe le ye ngwe ya

peu.

oMatlakala a go omiswa gomme a shilwa a mehlare ya go fapana ya menkgo:tshupa

e tshaba monkgo wa godimo. Leka tse di latelago:

•PEREFERE :Thlakantsa 4-6 ya malepola a perefere le kilogram ya peu.

•WORMWOOD (MHLONYANE): omisa matlakala gomme o a shile morago o a

hlakantse le peu. Shomisa 4-6 ya lelepola go kilogrameng ya peu.

•Sekgopa ka godimo: bjalo ka godom

Dithusi tsa hlago tsa nageng di thusa go feta nosi ya mamapu/todi

(honeybees)

15 June 2011, by Tamera Jones

Bumblebees, nosi ya moshika noshi le dithusi tse

dingwe tsa nagengdi bohlokwa go tshelela dimela tsa

UK bonna go feta ka tsela yeo go bego go naganwa ka

gona,go bolela se nyakishishi.

La goja: nosi ya todi(Honey bee).

Boloka peu ya gago mo go omilego,

ka gare a mapotlelo ao a

hlatswitswego. NGWALA LEINA LA

PEU MO LEBOTLELONG” seo se tlo go

gopotsa gore ke peu efe ngwageng

wo o latelago ga on nyaka go e bjala

Go humanwe gore nosi ya mamapo e na le nose-dived ka matla mengwageng ya lehono

gore di dira leteka fela la gothusa go tshelela bonna go phala ke mengwageng ya

bo1980s.pele nosi ya mamapo ebe e thusa go tshelela

bona tekano ya 70% ya UK, ga bjalo go sinyegile kage e

thusa fela kotara(third). Palo yeo eka ba fela 10 goya

go 15 perecente.

La goja : Bumble bee

Sa go makatsa, mengwageng ya go feta ye 20,nageng

ya UKdimela tsa go hloka dikhunkhwana go tshelelwa

bonna di rotogile ka palo go tloga go peresente tse 8 ka

ngwaga wa 1980s goya go peresente tse 20 ka gwaga

wa 2007.Gomme ka nako ye tee, palo(yield) ya dimela

tsa go thusa ke dikhunkhwana, re bala le oil seed rape le

field bean, di rotogetse godimo ka peresente tse 54.

La goja: Hover fly

Seo se bolele gore nosi ya mamapu (todi) e ka se rwale

maikarabelo ele tee,goba gase yona e thusago e le tee.

La goja:nosi ya moshika noshi (Solitary bee)

Bjalo ge eba nosi ya mamapo gae thuse go thlola peu, ke

eng seo se thusago? Ba nyakisisi ba nagana gore

dikhunkhwane the bohlokwa tse dingwe di swanetse goba

di thibela hlokego. Bjwalo ka bumblebees, hoverflies and

solitary bees.

'Dipoelo di bonatsa gore dikhunkhwana tsa leshoka di dira phapano ye kgolo go thuseng ga

dimela go thlola peu ka nageng ya UK go feta ka tsela yeo go be go naganwa nakong ya

morago,' go bolela Tom Breeze wa gotswa University of Reading, moeta-pele wa dinyakisiso

(study).

Mohuta wa nosi ya Bumblebees, hoverflies le red masonke dikonokono tsa nageng tsa go

tshelela dimela, efela gona legotloga go 250 ya dinosi ka nageng ya UK ele tee, ka ge re

naganne gore di tsea karolo kudu go feta ka fao nosi ya mamapo (honeybee) e thusang ka

gona,'go boletse: Breeze.

Lebjalo Breeze le bashomi ka yena ba humane gore nosi ya mamapo gae fane ka thuso ya

Maemo a go swana le ya dinosi tse dingwe. Ba bontsha gore gago nosi ye bohlokwa go feta

ye nngwe. Di hlokega ka moka.

Dinyakisiso di tsweleleditswe keAgriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.

T.D. Breeze, A.P. Bailey, K.G. Balcombe and S.G. Potts, Pollination services in the UK: How

important are honeybees?, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, published online 20

May 2011, doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.03.020

Small scale experimentation plan

1. What is the problem?

Bothata ke eng?

2. What is a solution to this problem?

Tharollo ya bothata bjo ke efe?

3. Why will this solution solve the problem?

Gobaneng ore tharollo e etla šoma?

4. How will I test this solution?

Ke tla leka bjang gore tharollo ye e a šoma?

5. How will I check my results? What will I look

for?

Ke tlo kgonthiša bjang dipoelo/dipheto? Ke

tlaba ke lebeletše eng?

6. How else will I check my results? What will I

measure?

Ke tsela efe engwe e ke tla e šomišago go

kgonthiša dipoelo /dipheto tšaka? Ke tla lekanya

eng?

7. How will I measure the results or outcomes?

Ke tla lekanya dipoelo/dipheto bjang?

8. How will I compare my experiment to my

usual way of farming?

Ke tla bapetša bjang boiteko bjaka le tsela ya ka

ya mehla ya temo?