Summarynotes TMT PID South Africa, 2015
Participatory
Analysis
2
Remember PID Cycle
Feedback and learning
on the process
(M&E of PID)
Joint analysis
Understanding
local context
The action research
Finding things to
try
Building on
farmer innovation
Joint
experimentation
Sustaining the process
Institutionalisation
of PID
Sharing and
dissimination
3
Overall notes
•Fundamental change from extractive data
collection to joint study and analysis
•Our knowledge and skills complement
local understanding and skills;
•But communities not homogenous!
Economy, gender, influence.
4
Double objective
1. We (farmers, local people,
ourselves) understand jointly …….
local situation, issues at hand,..;
and
2. Farmers capacities are build to
critically analyze local situation,
relevant issues, as basis for
planning future actions
5
Starts with proper entry
in (new) communities
•Central interest: Transferring ownership of
the action from us to local people;
•Use of locally proper ways to enter
communities: who and how to meet;
•Mutual clarification of expectations: our
intentions, what we “offer”; community
expectations and expected contribution;
•“Formally” confirm farmer commitment to
collaborate?!
6
Common challenges in
participatory analysis
•Wide coverage of issues versus focused
analysis: make a conscious choice;
•Pressure of time and budget leads to
short cuts, strong role of external actors;
•Lack of feedbackto communities from
organisationsafter the process;
•Results of joint analysis are kept by the
organizations only.
7
•Comments, questions, your
experience on participatory
analysis?
•Zoom in on some tools/methods to
facilitate participatory analysis
8
Methods and tools
Direct
observation
Create basis
for later
discussions
and
interviews
9
Methods and tools
Semi
-
structured
interview
Use of check
list with key
questions
10
Methods and tools
Focus
group
discus-
sion
Cross checking
of views, arrive
at farmers’joint
understanding,
basis
for joint
action.
11
Methods and tools
Parti
-
cipatory
mapping
Analysis
of
issues
with
spatial
dimension: land
degradation or
tenure
, socio-
economic status,
e.g.
12
Methods and tools
Transect
walk
Organized
walk,
noting key
issue
Explore
e.g.
land &
water
use,
its
issues,
problems and
opportunities
13
Methods and tools
Seasonal
calendar
Detailed
analysis of
agriculture,
crop
cycle;
basis for
discussing
issues and
opportunity
14
Methods and tools
Venn
diagram
Analysis of
relevant
organizations,
stakeholders,
and their
position and
strength.
15
Methods and tools
(Matrix)
Ranking
Comparing
options,
making
choices
16
All methods
•Allow people to lead the activity as
much as possible: handing over the
“pen”
•Organize visualizationin some form
•Combine qualitative and quantitative
methods.
•“Triangulation”
17
Practicing one
participatory analysis
tool
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Process of facilitation of
Matrix Ranking
1. Help identify and agree on the main
options to be reviewed.
For example: possible tree species for use
in agro forestry
Eucalyptus PalmAcaciaPine
Tree species options
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Facilitation of Matrix
Ranking
2. Generate criteria,
issues to be considered,
in choosing best option
Criteria
Fuelwood
Construction material
Edible fruits
Fodder
Charcoal
Turn negative ones into
positive ones by using
their opposites (vulnerable
for pests becomes
resistance to pests)
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Matrix Ranking
3. Suggestto drawupMatrix
Criteria Eucalyptus PalmAcaciaPine
Fuelwood
Construction material
Edible fruits
Fodder
Charcoal
Tree species options
21
Matrix Ranking
Two main methods for analysis
•Scoring or voting: (Easier, bigger groups,
democratic);
•Ranking: Creates more discussion, clarity
on reasons, effective in smaller groups.
Criteria Eucalyptus PalmAcaciaPine
Fuelwood
Construction material
Edible fruits
Fodder
Charcoal
Tree species options
22
If using ranking
4. For each criterion ask to agree which option is
best, which next best, than which next,etcand
give rank number accordingly:
Criteria Tree species options
EucalyptusPalmAcacia Pine
Fuelwood412 3
Construction material3124
Edible fruits1423
Fodder314 2
Charcoal213 4
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Matrix Ranking
5. Calculate totals.
Criteria Tree species options
EucalyptusPalmAcacia Pine
Fuelwood412 3
Construction material3124
Edible fruits1423
Fodder314 2
Charcoal213 4
TOTAL 13 813 16
Make choice. If needed consider which
criterion to be very important.
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Summary of steps
1. Identify and agree on the main options to
be chosen from.
2. Find criteria, issues to be considered
3. Draw up matrix
4. Give ranks for each criteria
5. Determine totals.
6. Make choice
25
Try and practice
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Participatory mapping
•Work with villagers, farmers, to prepare a
“map” of a chosen area as basis for
discussing chosen issues(e.g. land use
patterns), problems and wayforward
•Can be done at various stages of the
process: early as introductory(general
map of area) or later for detailed analysis
(e.g. furrow layout performance)
27
Mapping: the process
•Preparelocation and materials (maps in
situ or on newsprints)
•Whoparticipates? Best done in smaller
groups. Men and women seperately?
•Participants make the map: Start bylarger
key landmarks (main stream, furrow in
take, valleyboundary, building).
28
Mapping: the process
•Suggest map to show important features
depending on the topic of analysis:
irrigated fields, crop indication, other
water intakes, areas with erosion, siltation,
shortage of water
•Help clarifyanything that is unclear
encourage discussion
•Be alert for important issues being raised
to be come back to in later discussions
29
Mapping examples
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Mapping: use of maps
•Use completed map as basis for
discussion on keyissues; bring back
issues debated while making the map.
•At the end summarizemain points raised.
•Where and how is the map saved?